...FALSAFAH POLITIK GANDHI Ghandi mempunyai falsafah politik yang agak unik berbanding tokoh-tokoh falsafah terkemuka yang lain. Secara umumnya, falsafah politik beliau banyak berkisar kepada konsep Satyagraha yang digunakan untuk menentang penjajah British. Perjuangannya memberi keutamaan kepada bantahan awam ( civil disobedience), tindakan langsung (direct action), bantahan tanpa keganasan (non-violent resistance) dan bantahan secara pasif ( passive resistance). Bantahan awam bermaksud sebarang tindakan rakyat yang sengaja melanggar sesuatu undang-undang negara untuk memprotes kerasionalan undang-undang tersebut tanpa melibatkan sebarang bentuk keganasan dan pertumpahan darah. Pelaksanaan bantahan awam ini memerlukan pengorbanan dan keberanian yang tinggi untuk merelakan diri ditangkap atau dihukum sebagai akibat melanggar undang-undang negara. Konsep tindakan langsung pula merujuk kepada sebarang tindakan untuk mencapai objektif politik yang dilakukan di luar perlembagaan dan tanpa mengira undang-undang (Saliha Hassan 1999). Tindakan secara langsung ini telah dilaksanakan oleh pejuang-pejuang kemerdekaan India untuk membebaskan tanah air mereka daripada penjajahan British. Namun demikian, Ghandi mengambil pendekatan tindakan langsung untuk dilaksanakan secara aman sebagai satu bentuk bantahan awam. Bantahan secara pasif ialah tindakan awam yang lebih luas melibatkan setiap individu dan tidak hanya bergerak secara berkumpulan. Setiap individu dapat memainkan peranan...
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...Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr: Legendary Leader Matthew M. Thomas Harrison College Instructor Ward March 13, 2015 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr: Legendary Leader Black history month of 2015 saw some milestones. The 50th anniversary of bloody Sunday and the movie “Selma” which tells the story of Dr. King’s march across the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma Alabama. These milestones have also made people reflect on the greatest leader in African American history, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. In this paper, we will look at Dr. King’s traits, ethics, leadership style, and his method of creating team work in such a way that it changed the world forever. Dr. King’s Traits and Characteristics Dr. King was an Honest, god-fearing, loving person who got his roots in the African American church. Dr. King was a visionary who knew how to keep his eyes on the prize of equal rights, and he also had an ability that few possess to this day. He had the ability to people who normally would be feuding to work together toward a common cause. His famous “I Have a Dream” speech is a great testament to Dr. King’s ability to move the hearts of all men. Dr. King displayed courage in the face of adversity. He was sprayed with water as well as his followers and till yet he was consistent. Consistent with his fight and his message of protest and non-violence. He kept the entire movement moving in the right direction even when it seemed the movement for equality would destroy itself. When...
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...Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. - A Leadership Icon Annise Hawkins Strayer University PAD 515 Dr. Lisa Saye July 30, 2011 What comes to mind when you hear the terms courage, leadership courage, moral leadership and servant leadership? Do you think of an influential person (s) you know? Or do you think in terms of qualities that leaders need to possess in order to be effective? In order to answer those questions, one must understand the definitions of those terms. Courage is “the ability to step forward through fear. Courage doesn’t mean the absence of doubt or fear, but the ability to act in spite of them” (DAFT 2011, p. 181). Leadership courage requires a leader to “reach deep within themselves to find the strength and courage to resist temptations or to stand up for moral principles when others may ridicule them or when they may suffer financially or emotionally for their actions” (DAFT 2011, p. 180. Moral courage is about “distinguishing right from wrong and doing right, seeking the just, the honest, the good, and the right conduct in achieving goals and fulfilling purpose” (DAFT 2011, p. 172). Finally, servant leadership is when “leaders give up control and make a choice to serve employees” (DAFT 2011, p. 175). When I think of these terms, I immediately think of a prominent leader who possessed all these qualities, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. He was truly a leader in his time. According to Webster’s Dictionary, a leader is “one...
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...The Leadership of Martin Luther King Jr. Abstract The visionary leadership of Martin Luther King Jr. influenced a nation, and ultimately affected a dramatic change in the area of Civil Rights. The achievements he accomplished in the arena of Human rights still serve as a platform for social change today, even decades after his death. Martin is hailed as a classic Charismatic and Transformational Leader, whose masterful rhetorical skills and personalized leadership empowered many Americans to stand up and claim their rights as American citizens. This paper will provide an analysis of Martin Luther King’s leadership style, and speak briefly about its development. We will discuss his background and the factors that greatly influenced his success as a leader. We will also cover Martin’s application of influence tactics, such as rational persuasion and inspirational appeals, and reveal an almost textbook ideal of leader, follower and situation dynamics. In general, we will discuss his vision and finally pinpoint the factors that ultimately led to his rise in power. “Always bear in mind that your resolution to succeed is more important than any other one thing.” Abraham Lincoln, U.S. President. Introduction Of all of the leadership styles that have been studied, observed and researched throughout the ages, Charismatic and Transformational Leadership, are cited as being the most powerful. Martin Luther King Jr. is definitely one of the most charismatic and transformational...
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...FALL 15 FALL 15 Martin Luther King, Jr.: Charismatic Leadership in a Mass Struggle Dr. Mark Allen Organizational Behavior/Leadership (MBA-552) Harkaran Singh Hara & Aras Azarbay Martin Luther King, Jr.: Charismatic Leadership in a Mass Struggle Dr. Mark Allen Organizational Behavior/Leadership (MBA-552) Harkaran Singh Hara & Aras Azarbay 08 Fall 08 Fall Abstract The paper examines the myths associated with the life and leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr. during the African-American Civil Rights movements of 1950s and 1960s and scrutinizes King’s depiction by the mass media as the sole significant leader of the struggle. It also examines the charismatic label associated with King’s name, his exceptional oratory skills and also his weaknesses as leader. The paper further discusses the contributions of King towards the civil rights struggle and also suggests us not to forget the contributions of leaders to the movement and the social factors which led to King’s rise. It also suggests some lessons we can learn from King’s life and relates his beliefs and methods to various scholarly works. Finally, it reflects upon the role of charismatic leadership and how it relates with transformational leadership styles in today’s business environment. About the Author This article which was originally published in the Journal of American History, 1987 is written by Dr. Clayborne Carson, who is a professor of American History at the...
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...An increasing number of educators have begun to discuss how leadership evolves to match this quickly changing world. Usually people believe good leaders should have outstanding charisma and skills in order to lead successfully. This essay, however, will examine the servant style of leaderships which, rather than relying upon command and control, is structured from the bottom-up. That is, servant leaders approach the organizational goals by establishing the organization’s norms to help people who is in need.(Tiaki, 2014). Servant leadership is of 3 core elements: listening, conceptualization and stewardship. This essay will discuss these three elements and demonstrate how they work in action by examining the life and exploits of Martin Luther King. When discussing about the servant leaders, the ability of listening can be emphasized at the very beginning. That is more than just listening. This is where making conscious efforts to hear not only the words that another person is saying but, more importantly, try to understand the complete message being sent. According to Nichols(2009),good listeners try to understand and realize what speakers say to them and no judgment will be delivered. So good listeners not only make speakers perceive that what they are talking about is interesting to the listeners but also to get information, understand and learn at the same time. For examples, If students can pay more attention and patience to listen to what teachers say in the lectures obviously...
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...Title | Leadership in Context | Tute/Lab Group | Group A | Lecturer/Tutor Name | Professor D. P. Dash | Assignment Title | #2 Group AssignmentMartin Luther King Jr. - I Have A Dream | Due Date | Week 8 | Date Received | | DECLARATION | To be completed if this is an individual assignment: I declare that this assignment is my individual work. I have not worked collaboratively nor have I copied from any other student’s work or from any other source except where due acknowledgment is made explicitly in the text, nor has any part been written for me by another person. | Student ID | Student Name | Student Signature | Student 1 | | | | To be completed if this is a group assignment: We declare that this is a group assignment and that no part of this submission has been copied from any other student's work or from any other source except where due acknowledgment is made explicitly in the text, nor has any part been written for us by another person. | Student ID | Student Name | Student Signature | Student 1 | 4240138 | Danushka Nirmal De Silva | | Student 2 | 4235150 | Ngu Ing Sung | | Student 3 | 4237293 | Dashilla Ladaey | | Student 4 | 4237323 | Ahmad Akmal Afiq | | Student 5 | 100070566 | Lasse Svenning Jensen | | MARKER’S COMME Total Mark | | Marker’s Signature | | Date | | EXTENSION CERTIFICATE | This assignment has been given an extension by Unit Convenor | | Extended due date: | | Date Received | | Martin Luther...
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...The Drum Major Instinct. Martin Luther King, Jr. remains arguably the most recognizable African American figure in world history. First thrust into the international spotlight courtesy of his leadership of a boycott of the public bus system in Montgomery, Alabama, where he was pastor of a local church, King became the lightning rod for the civil rights movement that emerged in the wake of the successful boycott. During the 1960s he gave innumerable speeches characterized by oratorical genius, led a succession of mass marches in the heart of segregated America and helped to reconstruct American race relations before his assassination in 1968. Ever since Montgomery he has attracted the attention of biographers and historians keen to understand what made him such a magnetic and inspirational leader and what made the story of the civil rights movement so compelling. Martin Luther King is most remembered for a speech given during one of the finest hours of the civil rights movement -- a sermon that set the moral tone for the movement. But while the Aug. 28, 1963, sermon "I Have A Dream," delivered during the March on Washington, framed much of Martin Luther King Jr’s notions of a free America, it was not the speech that defined his legacy. One of the world's best known advocates of non-violent social change strategies, Martin Luther King Jr., synthesized ideals drawn from many different cultural traditions. Recent studies of him emphasize the extent to which his ideals were rooted...
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...Malcolm X & MLK Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. were great ambassadors for the black community in their time spent on this earth. Even though both of their styles differed, they both played a huge role in the fight for African American freedom and segregation. Martin Luther King Jr. took a conservative approach while Malcolm X took a violent approach. Their styles differed so much to the point that Malcolm X spoke out about why he thought Martin Luther Kings’ strategy was not good. Martin Luther King wanted for the world to stay at peace while trying to bring both the blacks and whites together. Meanwhile Malcolm X took the approach of wanting blacks to fight whites for our freedom. Despite how both of these incredible men decided to do what was best for the African American race at the time, it affected it in a special way that has carried on to today’s world and how it is operated differently from how it was before these two men came into existence. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was a great black civil rights leader. The spot of his death on April 4, 1968 outside of his room in the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, TN is still a historic landmark. His birthday, which is January 15, 1929, is a national holiday. When Dr. King was young, he attended segregated public school and graduated from high school when he was 15 years old. After finishing college (in which he received numerous degrees from several universities) he became a pastor in Montgomery, Alabama. Also, he was...
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...the modern leadership styles in the changing world. This kind of leadership pertains to Martin Luther King Jr, who used his charm to inspire and motivate people to unite against an unfair system that segregated and belittled a whole group of people. While Martin Luther King Jr. fits a number of different leadership styles, but I have chosen him as my charismatic leader because of his ability to; gain trust from his followers through visible self-sacrifice, the passion and conviction with which he spoke, and his ability to reach goals as a whole. He showed concern for the well-being of all types of people and genuinely cared for their needs. He demonstrated his skills as a leader in many different ways, a few of them being: he created a comfortable and approachable atmosphere with the people he came in contact, by listening to people and making them feel that they had voice in the decision-making process, and by standing firm against a mindset that other races could be inferior to others. When he spoke o crowds, he was able to appeal to many different types, for example: He used biblical references to appeal to the religious, he used his academic intellect to appeal to the scholarly, and he used specific inhumane events in his speeches to establish, that there was a problem and it was still going on here and now, to appeal to the human emotions. There is no question that Martin Luther King Jr. was a leader that possessed many different leadership qualities and styles, that is what...
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... and were once again refused service. As they sat, they kept themselves busy with books and study materials. Several white patrons heckled them. But their actions drew local media attention and thus attracted even more students to their cause. By the time this photo was taken on Feb. 6, the lunch-counter protest had lured several hundred people to the store. http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1957689_2030666,00.html The Sit-ins and the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. In his writings, Martin Luther King Jr. hailed the sit-ins as an "electrifying movement" that "shattered the placid surface of campuses and communities across the South." In the fall of 1960, some of the student leaders, including Julian Bond (fourth from right), one of the founders of the SNCC, persuaded King to join them at a sit-in organized at Rich's, an Atlanta department store. The action resulted in the arrests of King and approximately 300 students. The Sit-ins and the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. In his writings, Martin Luther King Jr. hailed the sit-ins as an "electrifying movement" that "shattered the placid surface of campuses and communities across the...
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...Abstract Leadership has many dimensions and leaders have many factors that make them who they are, whether great or small. Leaders are shaped, molded and brought to their fullness by their perceptions of the world, their life experiences, people they have encountered along the way and how they develop their capabilities. Current View of Leadership Fortunately, this learner has had the opportunity to make an informed decision about how I perceive leadership. To this learner Leadership is the ability to take charge of a situation and move individuals to act on issues or situations they might normally never consider taking action on. It is this learner’s belief that some people are born to be great leader and other are taught to be leaders. According to Daft (2008) the traits theory focuses on the concept that great men/ leaders have certain inherent traits that make them destine for greatness. I support this belief. My Life Experiences that have shaped my view This learner was a teenager during the Civil Rights Movement and was able to view first-hand the leadership of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. I believed and still hold to the belief that Dr. King was born to be the Leader for that particular time in history. His example of using peaceful measures influenced my thinking and my view of leadership. I participated in and lead peaceful student demonstration in the high school I attended using Dr. Kings principles. My view...
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...Tiffani Brandon-Brown Leadership Paper There are several approaches, or styles, to leadership that are supported by various theories. Some leaders have a specific style, whereas others implement values or feelings from several leadership theories. Successful leaders can be honest regarding their own character and not have to presume drastically unusual roles when in a leadership position. A person's characteristics, traits, and actions normally do not have to be altered when assuming a leadership position This does not mean that talented leaders do not alter their leadership authority and approach, particularly when changes are needed. Ones leadership style should be rooted in their own set of values and behaviors as well as what they become skilled at from leadership training. Many religious leaders who are committed to social justice are strong on policy and procedure but weak on performance, heavy on doctrine but light on demeanor, big on assurance but little on actions, tall on principle but short on practice. Martin Luther King Jr. was not so limited. As a leader in the civil rights struggle, King was more than just the most prominent and articulate. His leadership characteristics, traits, and actions during his campaign for peace and justice is what prompted me to think of him as a leader. King was a leader who liked to include people when making decisions, a leading characteristic of the participative leadership style. He expected and encouraged...
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...Martin Luther King Jr. and Frederick Douglass Augmentive essay When comparing two essays, there are many different aspects that the reader can look at to make judgments and opinions. In the two essays that I choose, MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. 'Letter from Birmingham Jail', and FREDERICK DOUGLAS'S 'From Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave,' there were many similarities, but also many differences. Some of them being, the context, style, structure and tone. Many times when readings or articles are being compared, people over look the grammatical and structural elements, and just concentrate on the issues at hand. I believe it is important to evaluate both. Both readings are about African American Men who are being discriminated against. Frederick Douglass was born 1817 and died 1895. His story is about his journey as a slave in Maryland. When Douglass was put into slavery, he was with a mistress who had never owned a slave before, so it was all very new to her. Mrs. Hugh Auld helped teach Douglass how to read and write, but her husband found out and told her that she should not, for it was dangerous and unlawful (125). Although Mrs. Hugh Auld stopped teaching Douglass, he knew enough to start his own education and eventually that lead him to freedom. Through all of Douglass?s teachings, he realized that slavery had a negative effect on him. Although his education was obviously good for him, he had his doubts. Before he was naive to all that was going...
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...challenging and rewarding career. Young people are taught very early, the essentials of management and leadership. Many times, sailors are put in a position to lead early in their careers. The mission is the most important responsibilities of a leader in the military. Maintaining the welfare of the sailors is secondary. Seeking out responsibility and taking responsibility for your actions are the essentials of military leadership and are the factors that will drive a sailors career to new positions of authority. Serving in the military for over 20 years, I have held various positions of leadership. Throughout that time, I have had opportunity to improve my skills as a leader, as well as evaluate the type of leader that I am. Due to the ever-changing political climate, different leadership styles demand new types of leadership roles. There is not a one-size-fits-all type of leader in the military. All missions are unique, and personnel are always changing positions in the Navy overall. Therefore, leaders in the military must “adapt and overcome”. Chances are the command may not be successful at the mission at hand if they cannot adapt and overcome. While I was in the Navy, and now in civilian life, I have witnessed many different examples of leadership, good and bad. The style that I especially admire, which I also see in myself, is the servant leadership style. This style is not always applicable in the military, and often not favored, its role can be beneficial to the...
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