...publish this work. We also thank the officials of Perambikulam Forest Division, Kerala for permission and for providing the necessary facilities during collection of teak samples. We are grateful to IMD, New Delhi for providing the meteorological data. Generation of MVA data through image analysis was done in the laboratory of the Wood Biology, Department of Wood Science, University of Hamburg, Germany through funding under the INSA/DFG Scientist Exchange Programme. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their critical reviews of this paper. Received 30 October 2006; revised accepted 8 August 2007 Ethogram of courtship and mating behaviour of garden lizard, Calotes versicolor Bhagyarekha N. Pandav, Bhagyashri A. Shanbhag* and Srinivas K. Saidapur Department of Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, India An ethogram of courtship and mating in the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor was prepared by recording these behaviours in outdoor terraria. Courtship behaviour was recorded by video camera and handwritten notes of direct observations in nine encounters. A behaviour inventory defining 25 distinctive postures/ gestures, orientations and simple movements is presented, and these units are grouped into...
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...Honest signalling was termed “ubiquitous” in a recent game theory paper modeling signal evolution [1]. Biological signals are considered honest when they provide useful information to the receiver [2]. More specifically, sexual signals are considered honest when they indicate the potential benefits that a female could receive by mating with an advertising male [3]–[10]. Sexual signals may indicate mating benefits because (1) preferred signals are often costly to produce; (2) only males good at acquiring nutrients or using them efficiently may be able to support the costs of signal production; and (3) males with more nutrients may be of higher fitness or may be able to invest more in providing benefits to females. Males that are able to obtain more nutrients may have greater energy stores, and several studies have found a positive relationship between dietary nutrient availability and sexual signalling [11]–[16]. Given these points, females may benefit from selecting mates that exhibit condition-dependent signals. Here condition is defined as variation in resource acquisition ability [17], which may result from differences in resource availability in the environment and/or individual physiological differences in the ability to assimilate and utilize resources. The cost of producing sexual signals is often dependent on available nutrients, which in turn is subject to life-history trade-offs. Allocating nutrients to sexual signalling must, therefore, be balanced against the nutrients...
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...Dating and Mating Ronald A. Hammer Liberty University Dating and Mating In today’s society we are faced with a secular view of dating and mating. These views can be seen by turning on the television, or opening your email. Television shows like Jersey Shore, promote random sex, and multi partner relationships, while the internet is inundated with dating sites and pornography. The dating practices today focus on more of an intimate relationship than an emotional or spiritual bond between both parties. Sex today is more of a game, than a special moment between a man and his wife. The line is very blurred between biblical and secular dating and mating views, although it should be clear and distinct. The Lord guides us to keep the dating process pure by not mating till marriage. In the Hebrews 13:4 we are told that pre-marital sex is wrong, “Give honor to marriage, and remain faithful to one another in marriage. God will surely judge people who are immoral and those who commit adultery” (New Living Translation). As a born again believer I feel the only way God will bless the marriage is to avoid sex until marriage. As Christians we should put our love and obedience to Jesus ahead of their own desires. These common beliefs should be the foundation for love respect and self-sacrifice that a great relationship is based upon. Finding a partner in Christ is one of the hardest steps to overcome when starting the dating process. Juliet Klee states, “You need to be dating only...
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...This is to certify that the Female named: __________________________, Breed: ____________________, Registration: _________________, Color: _______________ Owned by: (Insert owner’s name, address, phone number) Has entered into a contract with Exclusive Bloodline Kennel of Pearland Texas on ____________ 20 ____ to be bred to, Name: Heartless, Breed: American Pitt Bull Terrier, Registration: UKC # A388,061 Color: Blue Fawn for a Fee of $__________________/ or the following in lieu of a stud fee: (Insert wording for any other type of agreement, such as 1st pick pup, 2nd pick pup, etc.) Stud owner shall have the right to inspection of the female for the purpose of confirming pregnancy no later than 45 days of the first mating with female. Unless otherwise stated herein, owner of stud dog shall have the right in person of 1st pick puppy of the litter when the puppies reach the age of 8 weeks. One or more puppies living up to 4 weeks of age will be considered a litter. Int.______ Int. ______ The following terms and conditions are understood and agreed to by both parties: 1. Prior to breeding, the owner of the female must provide a completed JRTCA veterinarian form or JRTCA Registration Certificate, a copy of the female’s pedigree, a record of current vaccinations, proof of worming within six months of the breeding date, and a negative Brucellosis test. 2. Payment of a stud fee is due at the time of the first service unless otherwise specified...
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...Different Types of Folk Dances Itik-Itik The best description of the Itik-Itik is that the steps mimic the way a duck walks, as well as the way it splashes water on its back to attract a mate. According to popular tradition, the dance was created by a lady named Kanang who choreographed the steps while dancing at a baptismal party. The other guests copied her movements, and everyone liked the dance so much that it has been passed along ever since. Tinikling The Tinikling is considered by many to be the Philippines' national dance. The dance's movements imitate the movement of the tikling bird as it walks around through tall grass and between tree branches. People perform the dance using bamboo poles. The dance is composed of three basic steps which include singles, doubles and hops. It looks similar to playing jump rope, except that the dancers perform the steps around and between the bamboo poles, and the dance becomes faster until someone makes a mistake and the next set of dancers takes a turn. Sayaw sa Bangko The Sayaw sa Bangko is performed on top of a narrow bench. Dancers need good balance as they go through a series of movements that include some impressive acrobatics. This dance traces its roots back to the areas of Pangapisan, Lingayen and Pangasinan. Binasuan The Binasuan is an entertaining dance that is usually performed at festive social occasions like weddings and birthdays. Dancers carefully balance three half-filled glasses of rice wine on their heads and...
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...PRINCESS DIANNE E. AHO June 14, 2012 BSAC-1, ACF 40 years ago in the City of Cagayan de Oro, there lived “Nenita” a young lady, who had a tall, dark and handsome suitor named “Jimmy.” Everyday he would drop by her house and sing to her a lullaby or as what we call it “HARANA”, sweet isn’t it? After several months of courtship and “kilig” moments, they got married. They bore a daughter named “Telli.” Thinking to her self, Nenita said, “I am the luckiest bride on Earth,” or so she thought. She never anticipated that after two years in marriage they would begin to fall apart. They hit a very rough patch and struggled with their relationship, but as time mends, so did their marriage. Which after, they had a son. Shockingly, their son had the cancer of the blood - Leukemia and as a result, died at an early age. With much grief in their hearts, they had to raise Telli as an only child. They weren’t a perfect couple but they did a splendid job in her upbringing. Telli was a smart girl; In college, she was a consistent dean’s lister and served the Church with great faith. I t was here where she found her mate. Marvin, who had a crush on the pastor’s daughter, found out that Fortelli was one of her closest friend. So, he befriended her in order to get more insight to his crush; Fortelli became the bridge to his love life. But as time progressed, they both fell slowly and deeply in love. *BOOM!* Telli was pregnant. Consequently, they needed to get married even though Marvin was still...
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...was time. He would focus on "each part" of her body until he got to the heart (and "heart," here, is both a metaphor for sex, and a metaphor for love). In the second stanza he says, "BUT," we don’t have the time, we are about to die! He tells her that life is short, but death is forever. In a shocking moment, he warns her that, when she’s in the coffin, worms will try to take her "virginity" if she doesn’t have sex with him before they die. If she refuses to have sex with him, there will be repercussions for him, too. All his sexual desire will burn up, "ashes" for all time. In the third stanza he says, "NOW," I’ve told you what will happen when you die, so let’s have sex while we’re still young. Hey, look at those "birds of prey" mating. That’s how we should do it – but, before that, let’s have us a little wine and time (cheese is for sissies). Then, he wants to play a game – the turn ourselves into a "ball" game. (Hmmm.) He suggests, furthermore, that they release all their pent up frustrations into the sex act, and, in this way, be free. In the final couplet, he calms down a little. He says that having sex can’t make the "sun" stop moving. In Marvell’s time, the movement of the sun around the earth (we now believe the earth rotates around the sun) is thought to create time. Anyway, he says, we can’t make time stop, but we can change...
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...SUMMARY OF FOOTNOTE TO YOUTH: It was a story of a boy who was only 17 when he decides to marry his love one. He was dodong, and he love teang so much that he could not wait for the right age to settle down in a relationship that is hard to escape. It's the "marriage". At the age of 17 dodong and teang got married without thinking of the risk being in an uneasy part of life. They just follow what they feel. They don't think what would happen in their future. They got a child. Teang realized how hard being a young parent. Her regret of she had done and think, what would be my life if i marry my other suitors instead of dodong? Can I have the same life as of now? She regrets so much of!! Until one day, when their son grow. He follows the footsteps of his parents. He wants to marry also at the age of 17. He told his parents what his plans. Dodong have nothing to do but explain how hard and how risky to be in "marriage "at the young age.. But like dodong before, his son also wants to pursue what he wants. The lesson we can learn is that marriage can wait the right time, if we want to be in this stage of life, we must prepare ourselves against the risk of it. I know we can all be in to it if we like too but not at the young age. This would be a lesson for youth like me. Jose Garcia villa is a great write coz aside from having nice story; he also had the point of view where we can have the knowledge of something related to what will happen to us. Major characters: ...
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...Ovid's "Art of Love" Rings True in the Twentieth Century It is a physical truth that the male and female sexes were made to fit together as counterparts. Animal corresponding parts come together to perform intercourse in order to regenerate a species. In nature there are hundreds of mating rituals and courting practices used when a male or female seeks a mate. Each pursuer looks for certain aspects of a potential mate. People analyze personal traits when looking for a mate, but the mating ritual is no longer simply based on instinct. Society's materialism and commercialism have complicated the search for love and companionship, which are spurred by a social need for love and marriage. Ovid's didactic work on "The Art of Love" is a comical and universal instruction guide on how to attract the opposite sex. In his instruction he stereotypes men and women in opposite ways and he makes generalizations that show how men and women are counterparts to each other. Ovid uses stereotypes to further the mocking tone of his criticism of the society that Augustus banished him from. The stereotypes seem to be ridiculous, but Ovid uses them because they are in actuality true. Ovid's advice to men and women is essentially to be manipulative and to please the other with lies and false intentions. He mocks the society that he lives in, and he even mocks some potential readers of his book. The people who he mocks most often are women as a sex. The entire point of The Art of Love is to instruct...
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...Mate Selection Criteria for Marital Success: Is It Possible? Steve Goatley Liberty University Abstract For decades researches have been attempting to indentify some key characteristics or personal qualities that could be formulated in such a way as to predict the probability of marital success between two parties. If indeed some formula could be implemented that would take into account what characteristics and/or personal qualities must be present for two people to enter into a marital agreement with a higher than average success rate; mate selection could then be narrowed down to parties that fit each others needs and effectually increasing the chances for marital success. Unfortunately, while there have been many advances in this area of research that may help potential mates understand each others needs for marital happiness, a solid formula to identify an optimal mate is still just a idea. Mate Selection Criteria for Marital Success: Is It Possible? To properly understand the question of whether or not it is possible to define criteria that can be used for the purposes of mate selection that would ultimately lead to marital success, one must first understand the term, “marital success.” In the chapter titled Marital Adjustment, McKinney describes marriage, “Marriage in its best form in civilized life is the culmination of romantic love and courtship; it is the sublimation of the more primitive sex impulses. It...
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...Traditional Folk Dances of the Philippines The Philippines has many popular folk dances which have evolved and changed as they have been passed down from generation to generation. Although a particular dance might be performed slightly differently from one region to the next, its remains true to its roots. Here are some of the most popular dances from the region. The Itik-Itik The best description of the Itik-Itik is that the steps mimic the way a duck walks, as well as the way it splashes water on its back to attract a mate. According to popular tradition, the dance was created by a lady named Kanang who choreographed the steps while dancing at a baptismal party. The other guests copied her movements, and everyone liked the dance so much that it has been passed along ever since. The Tinikling The Tinikling is considered by many to be the Philippines' national dance. The dance's movements imitate the movement of the tikling bird as it walks around through tall grass and between tree branches. People perform the dance using bamboo poles. The dance is composed of three basic steps which include singles, doubles and hops. It looks similar to playing jump rope, except that the dancers perform the steps around and between the bamboo poles, and the dance becomes faster until someone makes a mistake and the next set of dancers takes a turn. The Sayaw sa Bangko The Sayaw sa Bangko is performed on top of a narrow bench. Dancers need good balance as they go through a series of movements...
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...Patchwork and appliqué are very ancient techniques and sometimes referred to as one. The only difference between them is that patchwork or piecework is the process of seaming small pieces of fabric in to a larger whole, while appliqué is the process of sewing smaller pieces of fabric onto a larger background fabric. It is a technique of forming a single pattern with different pieces of cloth. Pieces of fabric are applied on top of another for decorative or functional purposes. 1.1 History Appliqué is an ancient technique of creating beautiful and decorative items with different pieces of cloth. Nomadic people of the desert have long pieced together their tents and even decorated them with elaborate appliqué. Festive patchwork textiles created for special occasions are found in many places throughout India. Pieced and appliquéd household items are made by women for dowries. These objects include decorative bags, pillows and sitting mats. Appliqué played a part in religious textiles as well. It has long been used to make decorative clothing, because most clothing is used until it is worn out and then again reused to create beautiful patterns out of the worn fabric. This serves both economic and decorative purposes. Small pieces of fabric are cut and joined side by side to make a large piece of fabric or for repairing a damaged fabric. The craft seems to have been prevalent all over India. “ In all periods there are to be found in pieced quilts both unique and conventional designs; within...
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...Renaissance and Baroque styles and is a good example of the transition into more romantic paintings. The composition of this piece is well balanced. Although the subjects are cropped, they are cropped on both the right and the left side, making the painting horizontally balanced. This also gives an effect to the viewer that there is more depth to what is shown; giving the feeling that the viewer is almost in the battle with them. These cropped subjects nicely frame the triangular composition of the people fighting in the middle who are piled on top of each other. The triangle’s base begins with figures on the floor and rises to a point with other figures standing so the viewer can see the actions of every character. Use of geometric patterns are also used in the lighting to lead the eye around the composition. This is seen in an upside down triangle. Our eyes first catch attention in the foreground, where there is a tenebristic spotlight effect. They then move to the next most lit spot to the right in the mid-ground, and then to the left. This lighting moves the viewer’s eyes through the depths of the picture plane and also reveals systematically what is happening in this painting. From this movement, you can see that women are placed into the battle. As your eye moves in the directed places, you see the women being taken by the centaurs, relaying what the battle is possibly about. Many of the subject’s arms are raised to create movement as well as action. The arms direct our...
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...chance to get a high grade. An argumentative essay is organized according to one of these five patterns: Pro-Con pattern, Con-Pro pattern, 3-Con pattern, Claim / Counterclaim pattern or Alternating pattern. PRO-CON pattern | | | In this simple pattern for an argumentative essay, you discuss two PRO points and one CON point. Recommended for short school essays on any topic. This pattern contains five paragraphs: introduction, conclusion, and three paragraphs, one for each PRO or CON point. | CON-PRO pattern | | | This pattern for an argumentative essay is very similar to the previous one, but the CON point comes first. Recommended for short school essays on any topic. The pattern contains five paragraphs: introduction, conclusion, and three paragraphs, one for each PRO or CON point. | 3-CON pattern | | | In this pattern for an argumentative essay you don’t explicitly present any PRO point, but instead refute three CON points. Recommended for short school essays on any topic. The pattern contains five paragraphs: introduction, conclusion, and three paragraphs, one for each CON point. | Claim / Counterclaim pattern | | | This pattern for an argumentative essay is more advanced than the previous three, and allows for a more complete development of your argumentation. Recommended for advanced school and college essays on any topic. The pattern contains introduction,...
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...Critical Thinking Notes for Quiz 1)Collection of Information Skill and defination | Why important | How | Question to ask | a) Identifying assumption: Recognizing when something is taken for granted or presented as fact without supporting evidence (e.g., you might assume a woman on a maternity unit has just had a baby) | By identifying assumptions, you begin to apply logic to the situation and avoid jumping to conclusions and making errors in judgment. | To identify assumptions, make sure that you have a complete picture of what's going on with the patient | What's being taken for granted here?” and “How do I know that I've got the facts right?” | b)Assessing systematically and comprehensively: Using an organized, systematic approach that enhances your ability to discover all the information needed to fully understand a person's health status (e.g., What are the actual and potential problems? What needs aren't being met? What are the person's strengths and resources?) | Having an organized approach to assessment prevents you from forgetting something Use both subjective and objective data | You must decide the purpose of your assessment and use an approach that gets the information needed to achieve your purpose. For example, medical assessments focus on identifying diseases or organ or system problems, rather than problems with human responses or activities of daily living | What infor I Need to know in order to treat this person?What would be my approach for this...
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