...Paper 3 In 1084 Bishop Rudiger of Speyer issued an official charter inviting Jews to settle in the city of Speyer (Germany) and establish a community there. It is one of the earliest documents of such sort. The charter provides important clues about the nature of Jewish communities in Medieval Europe, their legal status and their relationships with neighbors. The Hebrew report on p. 59 describes the circumstances under which Rudiger’s charter was given. Analyze both documents and what they tell us about the nature of Medieval Jewish communities in Europe. Answer the following questions: Why did Bishop Rudiger decide to invite Jews to settle in the city of Speyer? What, do you think, were an immediate cause and deeper reasons for his decision? What professional occupations were the Jews involved in? What was the legal status of the Jewish community? What rights and privileges did it have? What were its obligations? Who are the burghers? What were the relationships between them and the Jews? Why? A well-written paper will have a concise introduction to the general topic of the paper, a clear thesis statement, and a carefully developed argument with specific examples supporting the thesis statement. Your paper should be written according to the following guidelines. Your paper should be no longer than two pages (typed, double-spaced) and should concisely, clearly express the results of careful thought and prior drafts. In the paper you turn in, don’t waste space...
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...Pidgeon American Intercontinental University Online Abstract This paper discusses the origins and history of vernacular languages in the twelfth century. It also describes some of the cultural changes that resulted from this shift in language. The History of Vernacular Languages One definition for vernacular language is “The everyday language spoken by a people as distinguished from the literary language” (Farlex Inc,, 2013). There are many forms of vernacular languages that vary from region to region within a particular country. A few examples include: Celtic Languages, such as, Irish Gaelic, Scots Gaelic (Erse), Manx Gaelic Germanic languages, such as, Bavarian German, Dutch, English (Old English, Anglo-Saxon), Frisian, High German, Low German, and Yiddish. During the rise of the Roman Empire Latin became the common language. Only the upper class and clergy were literate in Latin. During the High Middle Ages, the feudal aristocracy felt the need for literacy and education. This created a demand for literature that applied to the lives if the ruling military class. This brought about the beginning of the spread of different forms of vernacular language. The spread of vernacular languages was also due to the consolidation of monarchies and the decreased papal influence. Due to the breakdown of Christendom, separate countries ruled by one king or emperor (Applied History Research Group, 1997). These events created a newfound sense of closeness among...
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...Paper Summary The author in this study assessed the relationship between culture and social organization by integrating sociological and game-theoretical concept. This historical analysis tries to capture the culture belief that affects individual actions. It is believed that the distinctiveness of cultural belief will lead to a different way of organizational and economic development. In addition, this research was done under the assumption that cultural beliefs are identical and commonly known. The author uses the example of two city-states in the late medieval period which is Maghribi and Genoa to represent collectivist and individualist societies respectively. In collectivist society people tend to interact more within the same specific group such as religion, ethnic. On the other hand, individualists are integrated in the way that they interact with people from different group through formal economic and social institutions. In order to trade in that period, merchant need to hire agents to facilitate their trading with other cities. As a result, there is a possibility that the agent will cheat. Intuitively, collective societies will react to action of merchant and agent. Collectivist will not choose agents who cheat while the individualist will not take that into consideration. Thus, merchants are more likely to hire merchants in collectivist societies creating a horizontal society. Another finding in these two diverse cultures is that Maghribis share more information...
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...CURRICULUM VITAE Professor Patit Paban Mishra, an Indian national was educated in Delhi University, Jawaharlal Nehru University and Rabindra Bharati University. Professor Mishra’s main area of research lies in history , international relations and Asian studies. After retirement from Sambalpur University, Orissa, India; as a Professor in 2011, he took up assignment as visiting Professor at Northern University of Malaysia(UUM). CURRENT DESIGNATION Visiting Professor, UUM College of Law, Government and International Studies (COLGIS) Universiti Utara Malaysia 06010 UUM Sintok, Kedah DA, Malaysia. Malaysian phone numbers are , +60149344425, +60108049347. E-mail, ppmishra7@yahoo.com and/or patit@uum.edu.my ACADEMIC/RESEARCH/TEACHING INTEREST History, international relations and Asian studies. ------------------------------------------------- EDUCATION ------------------------------------------------- D. Litt.(1998) Rabindra Bharati University, Calcutta, Orissa in Trans-National Migration: A Study of Culture in Transit. ------------------------------------------------- Ph.D.(1979)Centre for South, Southeast and Central Asian Studies, J.N.U., New Delhi, ------------------------------------------------- The Problem of Laos: Its international dimensions since the Geneva Conference respectively. ------------------------------------------------- M.Phil (1972) Centre for South, Southeast and Central Asian Studies, J.N.U., New Delhi, The Pathet Lao...
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...Kristie Alvarado E04/Garmon/06 Outline Rough Draft 24 Feb 2012 Richard I the Lionheart I. Introduction of paper A. Hook (Attention Getting Statement) B. Background Information C. Thesis II. It would have been hard to find a more driving, ambitious and fiercely competitive family to be born into, but Richard would hold his own. A. Richard was the third surviving child of Henry II, one of the most astute and formidable of all English kings and the ruler of more of France than the French king himself. 1. Henry’s domains stretched from the Scottish border to the Pyrenees. He was twenty-four when Richard was born and the ravishingly beautiful, accomplished and willful Eleanor of Aquitaine, (Richard’s mother) was around thirty-five. 2. Both Eleanor and Henry were French and neither spoke English. 3. Their first son, William, had died in infancy. Their second child, Hennery, later known as the Young King, was two when Richard was born, and their daughter Matilda was one. There would be two more daughters and two more sons. B. Richard was born in Oxford, in Beaumont Palace which his Grandfather Henry I had built thirty years or so before. 1. There was no university yet at Oxford and the palace stood where Worcester College is today. 2. Out of all of Eleanor’s children, Richard was her favorite, but he didn’t see much of his mother or father as a child, as he grew older they were around more often. C. Fierce family quarrels...
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...Research and Background The Nacirema tribe and their strange behaviors were first documented by Horace Miner in “The Body Ritual Among the Nacirema” in 1956. Considerable effort has been extended to the study of this most unusual tribe in the years that followed and many print articles and lectures were devoted to trying to understand these people and their strange customs. Recently, many new research techniques combined with a host of motivated anthropologists and a fresh source of both corporate donations and governmental funds have uncovered new information about the Nacirema. Although there are hundreds or perhaps thousands of Nacirema rituals, ceremonies, and practices that merit intense study and analysis, the focus of this research paper is perhaps one of the most bizarre and poorly understood of all their rituals. This ritual has it’s roots in many different cultures dispersed across the world dating back hundreds of years. This most interesting ritual has been celebrated in a very concentrated region of Nacirema for hundreds of years located in a few costal cities north of the body of water “Gulf of the Land of Maize”. Although this ritual is celebrated to some degree in selected Nacirema cities of this region, the epicenter of this ritual and it’s many strange customs is the city that straddles the end of the big river Ojibwe. This city is “Crescent City”, aptly named for the villages of the city that followed the curvature of the big river Ojibwe. Once per...
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...Indian Streams Reserach Journal Vol.2,Issue.I/Feb; 12pp.1-4 A. PREMA Research Papers ISSN:-2230-7850 WOMEN STATUS IN INDIA A. PREMA Ph.D., Research Scholar, Department of History, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-68002,Tamilnadu. Abstract This paper tries to explain the development of women movement in India and the status of women during the Vedic period and British period. It also tries to explain the position of women on the basis of socioeconomic – political empowerment. KEY WORDS : Women position in India a historical back ground, Bakti movement, political movement, socio-religious reform movement, status of women during British period, women's organizations stared by Men and women and conclusion. Introduction The status of women in India has been subject to many great changes over the past few millennia, from equal status with men in ancient times through the low points of the medieval period, to the promotion of equal rights by many reformers, the history of women in India has been eventful. In modern India, women have adorned high offices in India including that of the president, prime minister, speaker of the lok sabha and leader of the opposition. As of 2011, the president of India, the speaker of the lok sabha and the leader of the opposition in lok sabha (lower house of the parliament) are all women. The roots of the Indian women's movement go back to the 19th century male social reformers who took up issues concerning women and started women's organizations...
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...my family moved to the US before I entered high school, I have always kept my eyes turned north, especially in recent years as I began to read journal articles about research conducted on John Evans Glacier, located about 80° N latitude. Graduating next semester with a B.S. in computer science and engineering and a minor in geographic information systems, I am interested in attending the University of Alberta for graduate study. Geographic information systems (GIS) is a field especially suited to investigating spatial patterns, modeling diverse scenarios, and overlaying spatial data. This semester, in my advanced GIS course, Spatial Data Structures and Algorithms, I am part of a team developing a temporal database and program for tracing historical trading data. My computer science skills have also been put to use in two summer internship projects, where I acquired proficiency with using LIDAR (light detection and ranging) technology, now favored by NASA in its current 10-year study of Greenland and changes in the ice cap extent. Through my coursework and project experience, I have also accrued skills in using Arc/Info, ArcView, Microstation, and RDBMS software packages, and I am equally comfortable programming in Visual Basic, C++, and Java. For my graduate research project, I would like to investigate methods for improving current GIS data models to better incorporate time as a variable in studying climate change. Changes in glaciers...
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...Writing a Research Paper in Literary Studies1 The most important aspect to bear in mind is that you are writing a research paper and not an essay! This means that you are arguing a thesis with reference to secondary literature – it is essential that you conduct relevant research and that you integrate your findings into your paper. Things to keep in mind: • Your paper should have a well-defined topic and a precisely formulated argument. • Your approach should be recognizably systematic. • Your argument should remain relevant and clear-cut, consistent and coherent throughout. • Your secondary material should be discussed critically and documented accurately. • Writing is a process; you should constantly revisit and revise. DON’T FORGET TO PRINT, SIGN AND ATTACH THE “PLAGIATSHINWEIS”! First steps Many students neglect the preliminary work of the writing process, but if you give it sufficient attention the actual writing of your paper will be faster and more organized than if you just start writing. The most important thing is to be systematic in your approach. 1. Finding a topic Perhaps the most difficult part of any research paper is finding an adequate topic, formulating a title and making a coherent argument. Once you have decided on a topic or a title, which in literary studies will most likely involve a certain text, rephrase it as a question to guide your research. You should also think about the methodology you intend to apply to your analysis. • ...
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...almost each other was in vogue usually at young population when they are released. As fantasy novels have gained a great population and so many example of them released in time, they have become obviously an extended part of world literature. Moreover, they have so many genres, subgenres, rules, aims and stereotypes like other types of literary works. In fantasy novels, it can be said that elements and genres are usually similar, however, characteristics of protagonists, which means main character, and other characters are sometime strictly differs between themselves. I read the book The Magicians by Lev Grossman, the first book of Magicians trilogy, one of New York Times Bestseller books, which is published in 2009. In this research paper, my aim is to analyze stereotypes of a fantasy novel protagonist with analyzing the characteristics of Quentin Coldwater from the novel The Magicians. Lev Grossman was born in 26 July 1969, in America. He graduated from Literature Department of Harvard University in 1991 and has worked as a journalist and a cult critic for Time Magazine, The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Entertainment Weekly and so many other newspapers, magazines and even websites. It can be said that he is a versatile journalist, he has not only written articles about literature, but he has also written about viral games, consumer technology and web comics. Besides he is a well-regarded journalist, he is also a popular fantasy fiction novelist...
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...Within Tokyo metropolis, there is a plot of land adjacent to the main highway joining the city and Yokohama that is dearly sacred to the Christian Catholics of Japan. Approximately 400 years ago, on December 4th, 1623 more than fifty Catholics were severely executed by fire on the plot as a sign of martyrdom (Hangemann 27). This was one of the persecution measures taken by Tokugawa Shōgun to control and reclaim Buddhist religious doctrine and stop Christianity that was highly gaining popularity. A reflection by Teather the following years under the emperor of Tokugawa Iemitsu, the extermination policy flourished leading to the termination of missionary expedition in the entire Japan in an attempt to monopolize the society to pure Buddhism and...
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...RESEARCH PAPER 2 THE PAPACY Jonathan Waters February 18, 2013 CHHI 301-B12 During the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, the Bishop of Rome became a very influential and powerful figure in the church. Many different men held this position and were very successful. Although many of the effects of the papacy were positive, the overwhelming power they held, combined with the age of obscurantism, superstition, and credulity in which they lived, allowed many false claims and doctrines to come about. Some of these doctrines are still existence today. They have caused many dissentions throughout the centuries following the rise of the Papacy. The historical beginnings of the Papacy are somewhat hard to uncover. Due to the decline in power of the Western Emperor, the Bishop of Rome, or Pope, became the primary political leader of Italy. The word “pope” is derived from the term pappa, which originated in the ancient colloquial Greek as an endearing term for “father.” It was a common title applied to most of the Eastern clergy. However, in the West the term was only common in Rome and in the later eleventh century was made the official title for the Bishop of Rome by Gregory VII. The term “papacy” (papatus), meant to distinguish the Roman bishop’s office from all other bishoprics (episcopates), also originated in the later eleventh century. However, this position was more than just a political position. The papacy was a unique sort of monarchy in that it claimed jurisdiction...
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... The Middle Ages Chuquita Buie A3 Mr. Cleek The middle ages lasted from 500 A.D. to 1500 A.D. Most of the medieval society was based on line of formal personal relationships of honor and fealty between the king and his lords, between the lord and his knights. Life of the Middle Ages all classes was dominated by the feudal system. The jobs and occupations dictated the quality of life during the middle ages. There was plenty of entertainment like: sports, games, music, and dances. Christianity, religion was an important role in their life’s. The monks and nuns spent most of there their time praying meditating, and doing tasks like preparing medicine, or sewing, teaching, writing, and reading. Monks and nuns were very busy and organized. Clothing of peasants was very simple, while the clothing of nobility was fitted with a distinct emphasis on the sleeves of garments. Society may have liked to bathe more than one might expect. Castle residents used wooden tubs with heated from the fire in the great hall. Education was often conducted under the auspices the church. They learned grammar, rhetoric, logic, Latin, astronomy, philosophy, and mathematics formed the care of most curriculums. The students of ten sat together on the floor, scrawling notes from lessons using a bone or ivory stylus on wooden tablets coated with green or black...
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...Olivia S. Legette Mr. Mortensen Carpentry 1 13 May 2014 Construction research paper: Carpentry The carpentry trade has been around since before 8000 B.C. This trade has more than developed since that time. From using chisels, and iron, to now using heavy equipment to build house, offices, any kind of structure of buildings. Carpenters are in high demand, without these skilled workers, the buildings wouldn’t be built. In this paper I will discuss the History, Compensation, Current demand, and the Qualifications for this trade. History Carpentry career is one of the oldest professions. Carpentry dates back to the early days of man using crude tools. Ancient Greeks showed the skills in carpentry through the temples that they have built to show reverence for their gods and goddesses. While in Asia, ancient Japanese also showed their skill in carpentry through the buildings they have constructed. These buildings dates back to 7th century and some of these buildings are still standing up to this day. We can trace the history of carpentry back to 8000 B.C. During this time, early people are using stone axes to construct their shelters. Several studies and researches showed that early Stone Age Europeans were building rectangular timber houses more than 100 feet long. Egyptians were already using copper woodworking tools as early as 4000 B.C. These copper made tools evolved into bronze tools used in 2000 B.C. Egyptians were very proficient in drilling, dovetailing, mitering...
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...__________________________________________________________________________________ PGCE - Citizenship Will the Requirement to Teach Fundamental British Values Have A Detrimental Effect on the Perception of the Value of Citizenship Education? Module 2 Word Count – 3696 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 1 __________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2 __________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract This essay looks back at the development of citizenship education and Britain’s position as one of the last democratic countries of the western world to introduce the subject into its National Curriculum. Since its introduction as a statutory subject in 2002 it has been beset by a lack of content, clarity and identity leading to a perception of low status by teachers and pupils alike. The “light touch” implementation by the government of the day has contributed to its lack of standing against other National Curriculum subjects. It is in danger of being perceived as a political “Clothes Horse” for the government to use to promote fundamental British values as a means of countering extremism and radicalisation. This essay contends that the requirement to teach fundamental British values as part of citizenship education will have a detrimental...
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