...101: PN-Spring 2016 Assignment #1- Final Draft Professor Andrew Libby January 31, 2016 Who Really Is In Control In our lifetime, we have experienced various types of traumas. These traumatic situations include such as losing a loved one or getting our hearts broken. Traumas, according to many individuals, disrupt daily life which can either leave mental or physical scars. With the trauma, come the side effects. One significant side effect could be the loss of human-connectedness or self connectedness. Human and self connectedness refer to the way an individual detaches themselves from their own body and mind. Many times we feel as if we are not in the right state of mind and basically proceed to forget our...
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...their traumatic memories to their children, and how these memories consequently become an integral part of their lives and their identities. Indeed, biographies and psychoanalytical research have proven that many descendants of Holocaust survivors display psychological symptoms similar to those of their parents, despite the fact that they were born many years after the Holocaust. Although many critics insist that postmemory does not qualify as actual memory because the children have not lived through the Holocaust themselves, postmemory is indeed a legitimate form of memory. Furthermore, when compared to memory, postmemory is equally traumatizing and painful. Although postmemory is a frequent theme in many works from and on the second generation, its validity is still debated. Hirsch first defines the term as the relationship between the second generation and the memories they inherit from their parents by means of stories, images and behaviors among which they grew up. Karein Goertz, in her essay “Transgenerational Representations of the Holocaust: From Memory to ‘Post-Memory’” also describes postmemory as “a hybrid form of memory that distinguishes itself from personal memory by generational distance and from history by a deep personal connection” (33). Indeed, the prefix “post” in postmemory powerfully captures its essence as an aftermath, a temporal delay and characterizes its disconnectedness from the real sequence of events, setting it apart from the real memory of the survivors...
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...the Richard family and for many others who were there in-between it all when it happened most likely having them develop PTSD. Traumatic experiences such as this one would often leave the people feeling shaken and disturbed and even though there would be numerous individuals with PTSD this essay will focus on the Richard family and how what they have gone through would be a great cause for them developing PTSD. (Train, 2009) This essay will discuss PTSD thoroughly looking at the following aspects. The clinical description, epidemiology, etiology, the diagnostic criteria according to the DSM-IV-TR and lastly the treatment and prognosis will all be discussed in this essay making reference to the Richard family for a clearer understanding of PTSD. 2. Clinical Description A traumatic experience can be described as exposure to an event where someone feels fear, helplessness or horror. (Barlow, 2012) Where victims such as the Richard family may experience some afterward effects of the bombing. First thing that people with PTSD may experience after a traumatic experience is flashbacks. (Barlow, 2012) The victims will reexperience the event through memories and nightmares. These memories and nightmares are usually accompanied by...
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...main plot lies the book’s main themes of depression, loss of memory, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The main point of this essay is the misinterpretation, treatment, and our thoughts toward individuals suffering from amnesia, trauma, and depression. The themes researched for the novel “We Were Liars” by E. Lockhart are depression, loss of memory, and PTSD. Information obtained after investigating these themes are,...
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...Dissociative amnesia is a dissociative disorder characterized by the repression of memories due to some kind of stressful event or trauma. Many would associate memory loss with physical brain injury only, but in this essay I argue that many cases of dissociative amnesia are in fact brought on by psychological stress. Two articles were chosen describing psychological studies of the source of dissociative amnesia. The first study, Memory Repression: Brain Mechanisms Underlying Dissociative Amnesia, describes an experiment involving two patients with dissociative amnesia. They were shown three sets of pictures: people they knew and could recognize, people they knew but couldn't remember, and a control of unknown people whom they were asked to name. The experimenters used fMRI to determine which areas of...
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...Psychology essay PTSD case study PTSD what is post-traumatic stress disorder. Post-traumatic stress disorder is a condition of stress which is caused by an event, and now you get flashbacks. Post-traumatic stress disorder is an anxiety disorder which is caused by an event earlier in life that is very stressful or psychologically disturbing. People with this disorder may have flashbacks and relive the event through their nightmares, and they could also have trouble sleeping at night. PTSD happens most often in soldiers and those who have been in the war due to the extreme situations that arise from it. Symptoms, Biological, Mental. The symptoms of PTSD are …. The biological symptoms of PTSD are. One of the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder is the constant feeling of danger. The symptoms are increased anxiety, experiencing the event again through flashbacks or nightmares. Another symptom is avoidance of things that remind you of the event, being unable to remember some parts of the event, and also loss of interest and feeling detached from others. Memories of the event will be intrusive. The physical symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder are dizziness, shortness of breath also possibly chronic pain and tightness in the chest. A common symptom is a feeling of intense fear. Other symptoms are persistent depressive feelings and dissociation. This disorder often coexists with anxiety or eating disorders, or depression. In the case study Andy’s initial symptoms after...
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...Trauma, Development, and Spirituality According to the American Association of Children’s Residential Centers (AACRC), trauma is considered to be the result of occurrences of mental or physical injury such as sexual or physical abuse sexual abuse, seeing brutality, or natural tragedy (AACRC, 2014). But trauma is not limited to events per se; alternatively, trauma can also be brought about by occurrences of daily living that are emotional in nature and not quite as obvious. Traumatic stress can be evoked by trials surrounding relationships, physical issues, severe neglect, or by circumstances that overpower a person’s ability to adjust (American Association of Children’s Residential Centers, 2014). This essay will discuss how culture can influence traumatic experiences, the impact of trauma on neurobiological development, and how spiritual development can counter the effects of trauma. Cross Cultural View of Trauma Research conducted in Western countries has typically revealed a disproportionately large percentage of accounts of abuse of children among ethnic minority groups. However, mistreatment is not primarily connected to any particular ethnic group, but has been regarded as a global issue (World Health Organization [WHO], 2002 as cited by Cyr, Michel, & Dumais, 2013). The intricacy of examining child abuse from a culturally diverse viewpoint can be made clear by a number of components impeding the progress of awareness about this issue. Specifically, despite the fact...
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...Living with the past? Should we forget or remember? A dilemma - to remember or to forget? To perhaps gain "closure" from some past physical or emotional trauma by confronting it or by letting it go? Which between "remembering" or "forgetting" creates more private or social well-being? Or is there a third option? Forgiving - and is this even considered? Which provides "health"? What is "health" - freedom from trauma, management of pain? Can a "country" be seen as suffering "ill health"? Can a nation be diagnosed "healthy" or in "ill-health"? Does a "collective memory" embody collective guilt or collective innocence or collective amnesia? Funder's “Stasiland” provides a relatively balanced but personalised analysis of the rise and then demise of East Germany after 1945 and from Communist occupation to re-unification and democracy. Most potently, Funder "records" the personal testimonies (memories) of how both the victims and perpetrators she interviews were affected by such sweeping changes. As a journalist, while she may bias our interpretation towards the victims of the "Stasi" she does not glibly provide simple answers, but she does perhaps re-emphasise both the dangers of forgetting and the dread of remembering the past – the tyranny and fascism of Nazi Germany and the East German totalitarian regime which supplanted it - "to remember or forget— which is healthier? To demolish or fence it off? To dig it up or leave it in the ground?” Chapter 5: The Linoleum Palace: Funder...
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...severely injured on the job. In this essay, the author will discuss the details of the accident and what it revealed about how the different areas of the human brain support cognitive function. I will also discuss the characteristics of primary memory, the process of memory from perception and retrieval and the unreliability of memory retrieval. Phineas Gage Phineas gage is known as one of the most famous documented cases of brain injury. This brain injury occurred on September 13th, 1848 while Gage was working on the railroad excavating rocks with a tampering rod in the State of Vermont. An explosion occurred on the job-site that caused a tampering rod propelled at an extremely high speed to enter and penetrate Gage’s skull. This tampering rod entered his skull under his left cheek bone and exited through the top of his head; it was later recovered with bits of brain matter and blood on it. The amazing thing is that throughout this horrific accident, Mr. Gage never lost consciousness, in fact, by January of the following year; he had started to live a normal life. However, it was noted that around this time, Mr. Gage was considered to be suffering from some major changes in his personality. What Phineas Gage’s Accident Reveals about Cognitive Functions “Cognition refers to the higher order functions that are needed for learning and interacting with a person's environment. Each human brain is capable of multiple cognitive functions, such as memory, attention, executive functions...
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...BEH/225 THE BRAIN AND BEHAVIOUR ESSAY The Brain and Behavior Essay BEH/225 June 7, 2014 The Brain and Behavior In the four lobes of the brain, temporal lobe is of them. Cerebral cortex the major part of which this lobe is part of. It is on the lower side of both cerebral hemispheres on each side. This lobe has different functions, mainly auditory detection, keeping memory and emotional perception. The hippocampus happens to be an area of the brain that consolidates information from brain. The damage to this lobe is mainly linked to the impairment of an individual experiences. For instance, damage that occurs to the left lobe may cause difficult noting words while damage to the right lobe can cause lack of talk inhibition. One of the well noted behavior due to damage to this lobe is attention type of disorder, victims proving distraction and inability to attention. They give incompatible memory, sometimes it is called forgetting to recall. The way of thinking of victims with this injury happens to be hard, and they may prove some improper issues in their way of responding. This preservation, with inability to change form one way of thinking to another, brings difficulties with calculations, such as carryover subtraction. Aphasia is not all times observed, but this so contrary from Wernicke’s and Broca’s response on it. Victims have well monitored motor speech. Repetition is always intact...
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...The Enduring Traumas of Sept. 11 Summary In the essay “The Enduring Traumas of Sept. 11” written by Damon Linker, he addresses the attack that occurred on September 11th of 2001 with what he went through that day of the attack and how he feels about the United states war that has been occurring throughout the years of America history. On the morning of Sept.11, 2001 it was like any other day for Linker going to work from Fairfield, Connecticut to the street of 5th Avenue. At his cross-town stroll to the office of First Thing magazine where he heard a very loud roar out of nowhere and glammed upward to see a passenger jet which was alarming to him and it was before Sept, 11. Linker mostly spent his entire life in New York City which made him have the memories of the Twin Tower always being there but this time he witnessed a huge horizontal gash of the right-hand tower and a massive amount of smoke floating in the sky above it. He immediately call his wife to turn on the TV for the news about the freak accident he nearly witnessed. He then returned to the street and gaze in shock at the horrifying scene unfolding two miles away for him. He called his father which immediately reminds him of his younger brother whom was attending a conference on Wall street that morning. He talked to his father on the phone to about burying his youngest son later that week, Linker's brother. The crushing of the Twin Towers being worse than it could have been at least for him. Linker's other brother...
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...Broken Dreams Essay In the essay Broken Dreams by WB Yeats a strong connection to the themes and ideas of Romanticism are shown through the concern with the sublime. The idea of incoherent darkness is portrayed seamlessly in the description of the last stroke of midnight dying. The mysterious battle between the greatness of life and how time slipped too quickly from the beauty portrayed further gives insight to an underlying theme of finding escape from pressure. The repetition of the line “vague memories, nothing but memories” exemplifies the strong alienation the speaker now feels after his love has crossed over to the other side most anticipated. The emotions and freedom that bloom over intellectual growth tends to mention the after life but never directly. The consequences towards godliness and its connection to the brief future that lies ahead for his past love, are always vague. The author suggests that his love for the woman is more than just physical motivations. He still shows that he is devoted to her (and to the beauty that she beholds) to write a poem about her, even though her physical loveliness has diminished. The alliteration of the word pair “Burdensome beauty” shows that she does not lose her prominent beauty to him or her other admirers. Even as her beauty slowly subsides, and he makes sure to stretch every moment of it to emphasize there is still something about her, thus making time a burden on her beauty. The poem consists of five stanzas...
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...PSY 6669 ESSAY I ACTIVITY: 1. List the various substances mentioned in the DSM section on Substance-Related Disorders and explain co-occurring psychological and medical disorders in relationship to at least one substance-related disorder. (A.6;K.3) • Alcohol • Caffeine • Cannabis • Hallucinogen • Inhalant • Opioid • Sedative • Hypnotic or Anxiolytic • Stimulant • Tobacco If an individual uses opioids their routine urine toxicology test results are often positive for the drug. The results remain positive for most opioids for 12-36hours after the drug test. The most common medical disorder that is associated with opioid use are viral and bacterial infections such as: HIV, hepatitis C virus). Individuals with opioid disorder are at risk for the development of mild to moderate depression or major depressive disorder. Insomnia is common with this disorder and anti-social personality disorder is much more common in individuals with opioid use disorder. 2. If you were part of a team responding to a trauma-causing event how would you utilize your knowledge of the DSM? (A.9) I would think of each and every trauma disorder and use the diagnostic criteria to see if that is what caused the individual to have that traumatizing event. A traumatic event can be re-experienced in various ways. In some cases the individual will have recurrent, involuntary and intrusive memories of that particular traumatic event. Intrusive recollections in PTSD are distinguished from depressive...
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...Locks Virginia Woolf and Man in a Cage Virginia Woolf, on realising her admittance to an Oxbridge chapel would be prohibited, delights in the building’s exterior. Her vantage point is from the outside of the established patriarchal institutions and from there her critical work interrogates the structures that lock her out. The narrative essay A Room of One’s Own begins at Oxbridge, a mythical institution based on Oxford and Cambridge. There, being a women means she is physically prohibited from entering the library and the chapel. Even the bounds of the university lawns are restricted to her when a flapping, irate beadle responds automatically to her presence by ushering her from the grass to the gravel path. These white haired old dons, men with “tufts of hair growing on their shoulders,” run when another whistles and unthinkingly defend their stronghold of learning against the presence of a woman. In a Room of One’s Own, Woolf progressively unfolds an allegory of two sexes, both trapped in cages, where being locked in or out is detrimental to the society. The thinking of the hairy old dons at Oxbridge is set in stone, like the foundations of the great buildings at the university. To them men and women have different and separate roles to play– men in the public sphere and women in the domestic. The skeleton of the meta narrative which informs their thinking continues thus: men create and build empires; women support and nurture men in the home, men are the bastions of...
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...Candice Millar 214119874 LLE 101 ‘Memory’ which was written by Chris Van Wyk, is an extremely powerful poem. The poem does not only place emphasis on power, but tenderness when it comes to the childhood, traumatic memory, motherhood and feelings of nostalgia and reminiscence which are evoked throughout the whole poem. This essay will highlight the different events that took place in the poem and how the poet used certain imagery in order to contribute towards this piece. The poem, ‘Memory’, includes many elements of the personal in fresh and moving ways. Feelings of nostalgia and reminiscence evoke what has passed. Chris Van Wyk highlights a sense of trauma when it comes to the poets childhood and memories. The life of Chris Van wyk has shaped the narrative of this poem and provides examples of certain incidents that have cauterised his childhood. The traumatic events in this poem includes : * Derek dangling on the chair –dangerous (stanza 1) * Vetkoek (very hot) – gas cooker (when visualising stanza 1, one can only imagine how dangerous the situation could be) * Lacking a relationship with his own father (stanza 3) works in the factory (doesn’t get paid that much for the amount of work that he does) * Financially poor family; other ways too. Difficult circumstances (staple diets) * Constantly questions why he hasn’t written these memories down before, this could be that he has pushed these negative memories away. He doesn’t want to face the pain...
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