...others by class, religion, sex, and race. While this concept occurs to everyone, and seems to be a normal part of human nature, negative ramifications such as poor self-esteem, depression, and stress may result if not directed in the correct manner. The concept of invidious comparison is one I can relate to well. For many years, I used to compare myself to those who had more money that I did. While I am ashamed to admit how shallow I was, this comparison brought me into a state of depression. It was during my depressed mode that I realized that I needed to take control of my thought process and realize that money wasn’t everything. After all, I was blessed with a wonderful husband and two awesome little boys. My life was rich, maybe not with money, but love. It was at this point in my life I learned invidious comparison could be prevented. While the concept of invidious comparison is difficult to control, the task can be completed by understanding and...
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...Understanding the Effects of Sexual Trauma Julie Johnson Liberty University Crisis Counseling 302-B04 March 8, 2015 Abstract Rape and sexual trauma are not just physical violations, but also violations of mental and emotional well-being that leaves the victim with a lifetime of emotional distress. Victims of sexual trauma are often left with devastating consequences that affect the physical, psychological, social and even financial part of their lives. Because the rate of sexual violence continues to increase, researchers study the side effects extensively. Adverse effects of sexual violence are individualized and very diverse, leaving victims with a broad range of impacts. This paper will define what sexual trauma is and the devastating effects it can leave on the lives of the survivors. It will cover different variables such as the psychological impact of the immediate, short term and long term as well as the physical, social, and financial effects of childhood and adult sexual trauma. This paper will hope to promote further discussions on the effects of sexual trauma left on the lives of the victim as to help any individuals and organizations that might work with the victims of such violent acts. The analysis of this report would aim to support individuals working with victims in the recovery process of sexual trauma from family support, spiritual support, and the counseling process. Understanding the Effects of Sexual Trauma According to Basile & Saltzman...
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...The phenomenon of interest (birth trauma and what it means to women) was clearly identified in the report. In the introduction the authors stated that women’s perception of birth trauma is quite different from the perception of the same phenomenon by health care providers. She also uses a term “in the eyes of the beholder” to emphasize that for every woman this phenomenon is unique. It is stated that PTSD after childbirth is quite prevalent and several studies support this fact. However, research is regarding the understanding of the birth trauma phenomenon from the woman’s experience lacking. The problem statement was worded clearly and directly and I wasn’t ambivalent about what problem will be discussed in the remainder of the article. Due to a lack of current literature on the subject and prevalence of PTSD after childbirth one can see the value in conducting such a study and the potential benefit to the profession of nursing. By understanding the perception of birth trauma to women, we as nurses will be able to facilitate better care, improve patients’ experience with childbirth, and prevent PTSD associated with childbirth. The methods used are not mentioned in the first paragraph but in a separate section following the research question where they are outlined clearly. The method of interviewing participants in focus groups is consistent with the naturalistic paradigm of qualitative research. The researcher clearly explained the reason behind choosing a qualitative...
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...anxiety disorder that occurs after exposure to a traumatic event, which triggers memories of the traumatic event and is characterized by intense fear, helplessness, and horror. 25-30% of victims of significant (extreme or severe) trauma develop PTSD. The lifetime prevalence of PTSD in this country is about 8%. That accounts for about 5 million adults. That is a lot of people and unfortunately, we do not pay a lot of attention to these people. We don’t think about them enough in our clinical settings. In fact, these people utilize a number of medical services. It is estimated that about 11.8% of person’s going to family care, in primary care settings, may have people with PTSD, but it’s not something that we think about and recognize in primary or specialty health care settings enough. It’s estimated that up to 50% of combat exposed military personnel have some form of PTSD. It occurs 2x as common in women, particularly because of the impact of sexual trauma on women. What is a trauma? Trauma can occur from: Witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event Trying to help someone with a traumatic event Rescue workers Clergy person Therapist The risk for developing PTSD varies depending on the severity and duration of the trauma and how the trauma was experienced by the person that was going through it. What are traumatic events? Natural disasters Automobile accidents Rape or sexual molestation – probably the #1 reason for PTSD symptoms in women Airplane crash Torture ...
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...Freud (McNally, 2012). Charcot devolved the idea of ignorance of the trauma through his hypnotic work. This was initiated as he triggered hysterical paralysis and attacks and the individuals would not know what caused the symptoms experienced. This initiated the era of post-traumatic amnesia in the hypnotized patients, which was considered hysteria (McNally, 2012). This procedure was aimed toward finding these memories of trauma. In the 20th century, Freud continued to promote this idea and initiated treatment to recover memories (McNally, 2012). He believed that sexual abuse at a young age could turn into hysteria as they grew into adulthood and be triggered (McNally, 2012). The therapy consisted of expressing the trauma, but failed, which eventually lead to the creation of psychoanalysis (McNally,...
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...to the World Health Organization List of Essential Medicines. Section 10 of the list stated “addition of TXA injection for the treatment of adult patients with trauma and significant risk of ongoing hemorrhage…the committee concluded that there is sufficient evidence to support the proposal that listing TXA may contribute to a reduction in this cause of death.” Trauma is the leading cause of death in people under the age of 45 in the United Sates. Furthermore, the most common cause of death that is associated in trauma patients is due to severe hemorrhaging. Normal clotting mechanisms consist of thrombin converting fibrinogen to fibrin, which helps control blood loss....
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...The association of Trauma and Somatic symptoms: the efficacy of Somatic Psychotherapy Review Literature The goal of this literature is to investigate the efficacy of utilizing Somatic Therapy for deeper understanding, and better treatment, of trauma impact, through the association of somatic symptoms with trauma exposure. A biopsychosocial perspective of conceptualizing the impact of trauma on individuals would contribute to a new perspective of this association with somatic symptoms- specifically ones that do not have identifiable medical pathology. The Association between past Traumatic events and later manifested Somatic Symptoms In an earlier review of the relationship between medical symptoms- without identified pathology- and psychiatric...
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...Rape & Rape Trauma Syndrome Dictionaries most commonly define rape as a sexual act committed by force especially on a woman. (The American Heritage College Dictionary. 1997 pg. 740) Until a few years ago it was limited to penial penetration of the vagina. Penal Code 261 defines rape as an act of sexual intercourse accomplished with a person not the spouse of the perpetrator without the lawful consent.(Roberson, 1998, p. 188) Penal Code 263 goes on to say that the fundamental wrong at which the law of rape is aimed is . . . the violation of a woman's will and sexuality. (Roberson, 1998, p. 190) All other sexual assaults are classified under varied names, yet the aftermath is usually the same. Rape is one of the cruelest forms of criminal violence. The victim suffers a profound injury. Rendered powerless by physical force, threats, or fear, after which being forced to submit to sexual acts, including vaginal penetration, oral copulation, sodomy, and penetration opening with a foreign object, the victim is left virtually alone. Rape is an intrusion into the most private and intimate parts of the body, as well as an assault on the core of the self. Despite whether the victim suffers any physical trauma, the psychological impact of a sexual assault is severe. Moreover, the painful, post-trauma symptoms that result from rape are long-lasting. Even those victims who appear to have recovered months or years later often find that an overwhelming sense of powerlessness and vulnerability...
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...Psychology dictionary describes trauma as any unpleasant psychological or physical experience, which may have a detrimental influence usually of a long lasting nature on the development of the personality of a person. Examples are an accident or the death of a loved one .Trauma overwhelms the general feeling of control, connection and reason and replaces it with intense fear, helplessness, and loss of control and threat of annihilation (Van der Walt, 2007:7). With reference to the above definitions, with regard to trauma and traumatic experiences it is rather clear that Tina has been affected by these experiences. Her step brother has been sexually abusing her for a period of six months, thus she has been exposed physically and psychologically to trauma. It is clear that, her behaviour to avoid her stepbrother, displays fear and helplessness within her own home. If Tina is not assisted and supported by responsible and adults and caregivers the situation will affect her dramatically in time. She might later in life not trust anyone or see reason to trust people due to fear or loss of control. Her sense of support from family ,friends or teachers , will determine the sense of identity and belonging. Tina has the added pressure and stress coming from her mother who blames her for her father leaving them at 3 years old(which a is a traumatic experience on its own) and then to experience guilt for such a situation can leave one feeling a complete loss of control. As a result of her mother’s...
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...Positioning 7 Step 6- Placement of the Endotracheal Tube in the Trachea 8 Step 7- Post-intubation Management 8 1.4 Risks and benefits associated with RSI 9 Case 2 10 2.1 Discussion 10 2.2 Clinic plan and initial management 10 2.3 Notification of Arrival 11 Conclusion 11 Case 3 12 Introduction 12 Incident 1 12 Incident 2 13 Incident 3 13 Incident 4 14 Case 4 15 Conclusion 16 References 17 Introduction The basic concept of retrieval medicine is a combination of transfer and care of a patient from one medical institution, site of trauma, and pre-hospital management to a medical institution to provide higher and better level of care. The transfer and retrieval of severely ill and wounded patients entail high-risk activities (Ellis & Hooper, 2010). This paper looks into various case studies to determine the various control measures that might and should be put in place in various retrieval situations so as to increase patient safety and efficiency in pre-hospital care. This comprises of communication procedures, team resource management, audit and training important event analysis and the pre-hospital operating care clinical plan. Patients with severe fatalities put up poorly with transportation. Highly sensitive care is thus required to reduce the probability of occurrence conditions such as hypoxia or hypertension and general clinical deterioration. However, due to the effects that come with...
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...Adolescent Cognitive Development After Trauma Raquel A. Figueroa Liberty University COUN 620-B02 Abstract In a generation of hopelessness, adolescents seek a purpose for their existence. They seek refugee from violence, abuse and maltreatment. The overwhelming pressure opens the door for instant gratification in drugs, alcohol, sexual activity, and fail to make appropriate adjustments in compromising circumstances. There is a correlation between traumatic experiences and adolescent cognitive development. A traumatic experience can alter an adolescent’s neural system and adversely affect the latter stages of brain development. Working with survivors of traumatic events requires an understanding of maladaptive behaviors, reactions and coping skills. Behavioral patterns emerge and become part of an adolescent’s personality. This paper will highlight the impact of traumatic experiences on adolescent cognitive development and their ability to foster an intrinsic knowledge of self. Maltreatment of adolescents has reached epidemic proportions within the United States. According to Bright (2008), “One in four children/adolescents experience at least one traumatic event before age 16” (p. 11). A study commissioned by Finkelhor, Ormrod, & Turner (2005) concluded the exposure to “physical abuse, sexual abuse, witnessing domestic violence, community violence, and natural disasters is a common occurrence among children in the U.S.” (p. 314). Reports of...
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...dissociative disorder characterized by the repression of memories due to some kind of stressful event or trauma. Many would associate memory loss with physical brain injury only, but in this essay I argue that many cases of dissociative amnesia are in fact brought on by psychological stress. Two articles were chosen describing psychological studies of the source of dissociative amnesia. The first study, Memory Repression: Brain Mechanisms Underlying Dissociative Amnesia, describes an experiment involving two patients with dissociative amnesia. They were shown three sets of pictures: people they knew and could recognize, people they knew but couldn't remember, and a control of unknown people whom they were asked to name. The experimenters used fMRI to determine which areas of...
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...is that if repressed memories can be recovered or are they after years false memories. Having this in mind Richard J. McNally and his colleagues have contacted many studies, in order to examine which are the mechanisms that may be responsible for people to either repress and recover memories of trauma or create false memories of trauma. For their studies they used four groups of women. The first was the “repressed memory” group. In this group, the subjects were women that they thought they had been sexual abused as children but had no memories of it, just some indications. The second group was the “recovered-memory” group. In this group, women said that even though there was a long period of time that they had not thought about their abuse they...
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...tend to last longer than 4 weeks. Even though trauma stressors are the underlying cause, post traumatic stress disorder can develop immediately after exposure or in some cases, a long time after the traumatic experience. Some people may suffer from complex post traumatic stress disorder, occasionally...
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...Tian Dayton in “Psychodrama in the Psychotherapy of Adults Who Have Been Raised in Addictive Families (ACOAs), Isaac Youcha’s "Long-Term Psychological and Physiological Consequences of Trauma in Childhood Revisited: Implications for the Group Therapist's...
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