...Substance Abuse and Psychosis in Adolescents Over the past several decades, the U.S. population has grown significantly and continues to do so at a rapid pace. The most recent U.S. Census Bureau figures estimate that the population in the United States is currently nearing 304,800,000. Of this tremendous number, approximately one quarter are children under that age of eighteen years and over 40 million are adolescents (U.S. Census Bureau, 2001a). For the purpose of this examination, we will define adolescents as individuals between the ages of ten and eighteen years, although it is important to keep in mind that there are many different definitions and understandings of adolescents, most of which are not as directly related to chronological age (Santrock, 2001). Adolescents are a very special population because these are often the years in which childhood and adulthood become blurred, roles, expectations and needs change, as well as significant physical and psychological growth. As we also know, experimentation is often characteristic of adolescence and this experimentation can be physical, sexual or philosophical; all of which may possibly lead to drug use. This paper seeks to examine the question of whether or not drug abuse is related to psychosis in adolescents. Literature Review Adolescent Drug Use According to a national study in 2006, over 60 percent of reported that drugs were used, kept and sold on their school campuses on a regular basis. ...
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...The Effects of Meth: Psychosis Scott Houston COM/156 March, 2014 Michelle Salman The Effects of Meth: Psychosis Crystal Methamphetamine was invented in 1887. During WW-II it was widely used by both sides, The Allies and The Axis . Biker gangs in America manufactured and distributed water soluble (injectable) meth throughout the 1970’s and 1980’s. Mexican cartels opened up large manufacturing operations in Mexico and the U.S. and the abuse spread. Most people familiar with the drug knows it has many adverse effects on the user, from keeping the user awake for up to several days at a time, to delusions and paranoia. As well there are physical effects such as extreme dehydration, skin rashes, and extreme loss of weight. It is a very dangerous and illegal drug. In addition, the most severe effect of its use in large doses, or with extended use, is psychosis. Reports of extreme psychotic behavior have come in from all over the United States and around the world. Methamphetamine psychosis is a serious side effect of methamphetamine use and may seriously affect the user (Gard, 2004). Crystal methamphetamine is a powerful drug which can cause the user to feel euphoria, intense feelings of body tingle, and an overall feeling incomparable to any other illicit drug. The user, looking for the ultimate high, will generally inject the drug into the blood stream via a hypodermic syringe. In this way the user can induce a greater quantity of the drug into the body with a single...
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...Unit 10: Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders DSM-5 recognizes Substance Related Disorders as resulting from the excessive use of 10 separate classes of drugs: Substance-use disorder: * Alcohol related disorder * Cannabis related disorder * Hallucinogen related disorder * Inhalant related disorder * Opioid related disorder * Sedative hypnotic - or Anxiolytic related disorder * Stimulant related disorder * Tobacco related disorder DSm-5 explains that activation of the brain’s reward system is central to problems arising from drug use- the rewarding feeling that people experience as a result of taking drugs may be so profound that they neglect other normal activities in favour of taking the drug The pharmacological mechanisms for each class of drug is different The activation of the reward system is similar across substances in producing feelings of pleasure or euphoria – “high” DSM-5 includes Gambling Disorder under the heading “Non-Substance-Related Disorders” * Gambling behavior activates reward system similar to those activated by substance abuse and produce behavioural symptoms that appear comparable to those produced by the Substance Use disorders DSM-5 recognises that people are not all automatically or equally vulnerable to developing Substance-Related Disorders Some people have lower levels of self-control, which may be brain based, which predispose them to developing problems if exposed to drugs ...
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...E. (2008). A synthetic CNS stimulant and sympathomimetic is what an amphetamine is. As amphetamines can contain carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms, the more potent version that people from the right-hand form is called dextroamphetamine. While levoamphetamine, which is not commonly available by it’s self, combining it with dextroamphetamine to make Adderall. “A modified form of d-amphetamine, formulated by substituting CH3 (called a methyl group) for H at one end, is called methamphetamine” (Levinthal, C. F., 2014, p. 102). Methamphetamine method is a quicker passage across the blood-brain barrier and it’s also often called meth, speed, or...
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...Why Marijuana Should Be Legalized In The U.S. The legalization of Marijuana, which is commonly known as Cannabis Sativa, has been one of the most intense debates to be ever launched nation-wide. Its use as a medicine has existed for thousands of years in countless countries across the globe. When someone says ganja, cannabis, bung, dope, Mary Jane, grass, rasta, pot, or weed, they are referring to marijuana. Essentially, marijuana should be legalized for the greater good of society. The most important reason that this plant should not be prohibited is for its medicinal purposes. The plant can be utilized as a resource for pain relief, control of nausea and vomiting, and appetite stimulation. Marijuana can be a valuable asset to society and its citizens who are in need for its medical use. Taking a look back in history, the prohibition of marijuana has failed to control its domestic use and production. The legalization of marijuana would be a likely cause to reduce crime and narcotic drug use. It is easier for children and young adults to access marijuana than alcohol. For example, liquor stores and other businesses that distribute alcohol are legally obligated to check possibly underage customers for valid identification. In contrast to the distribution of marijuana, a dealer is not likely to have a concern if it is a young child that wants to buy the marijuana, as long as he or she has the desired amount of money, the dealer will sell the marijuana to the buyer. If marijuana...
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...Deadly Deceivers: Why criminals shouldn’t be able to plea insanity Just imagine for a second this scenario. Its premier night for the most anticipated movie of the year “The Dark Knight Rises” and you’re finally making it into your seat after standing for about an hour outside the theatre. The lights dim as the movie starts, and bang! A guy busts through the door fully armed and starts firing into the seat. Seventy people are injured, twelve of them die. The man responsible for this crime is currently on trial, and has the chance to be acquitted because he plans on pleading insanity. Prosecutors in this case proclaim: This just allows the defense to think through how they want to proceed…That makes it easier for the defense to plan its best case. Holmes could plead insanity and would wind up in a mental hospital indefinitely – and would never face execution, if the jury finds in his favor (Campbell). This would not be fair to the people who were injured and to the loved ones of the people who lost their lives in the shooting. Just as a kid would do anything not to get in trouble by their mother, so would a criminal who could face life in jail or execution, which is why pleading insanity shouldn’t be up to a criminal, because they would do anything to get out of jail time. The insanity plea, also known as the insanity defense, is a type criminal defense used in order to reduce their liability in court. Barry S. Edwards, a Minnesota criminal defense attorney, asserts...
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...some common sleep disorders. 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Describe the two main theories of dreams. Explain the two theories of hypnosis. Discuss the effects and benefits of meditation. List and describe the four categories of psychoactive drugs. Describe the effects of psychoactive drugs on the nervous system. 5.4 Hypnosis Critical Thinking About Hypnosis Theories of Hypnosis Altered State of Consciousness Role Playing Divided Consciousness 5.6 Drug Use Mechanism of Action of Psychoactive Drugs Depressants Alcohol Narcotics/Opiates Summary of Multiple Influences on Consciousness CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 5.6 Effects of Psychoactive Drugs CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 5.4 Theories of Stimulants Caffeine Nicotine Cocaine Methamphetamine Hypnosis 5.5 Meditation Meditation Defined Effects and Benefits of Meditation Hallucinogens LSD Marijuana Ecstasy CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 5.5 Effects and Benefits of Meditation...
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...In Defense of Recreational Drugs If illicit drugs are harmful to the mind, body and soul, than why do people continue to manufacture, distribute and use these substances? The prohibition of these illicit substances as outlined in the Controlled Substances Act of the United States goes against all logic. Propaganda across the United States promotes the myth that psychotropic drugs impair moral judgment and is a cause of destructive deviant behavior. There is evidence that refutes this claim, illustrated by findings in several of the government’s own studies. The truth is that the majority that dabbles with these intoxicants is misrepresented by the media and politicians as delinquents, but are respectable citizens with jobs to work, bills to pay, and classes to attend, and are indistinguishable from the general population. Their use is not accounted for as many are reluctant to admit to it, due to the illegality and prejudice against use of controlled substances in our society. Such illicit substances must have some intrinsic value because of their continued use. Just as prescription pharmaceuticals can prove to be valuable in a specific context, so can all classes of illegal drugs. The poison is in the dose not the chemical itself. The unconstitutional War on Drugs in the United States needs to cease, because it is based on heresy and fear mongering. This calls for reeducation of the American people about the true nature of drugs; for this legalization and regulation of all...
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...Marijuana Anonymous, 239 marital status, and suicide, 454 masculinity drunkenness and, 428 sense of, 395 Massachusetts Male Aging Study, 402 Massachusetts Women’s Health Study (MWHS), 442 masturbation, 396 McNaughton Rules, 558 McNaughton, Daniel, 558 m-CPP 435 , MDMA (3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; ‘ecstasy’), 328 medial temporal lobe volume in Alzheimer’s disease, 359 MRI for detecting, 75 medical conditions anxiety disorders in, 170 depression treatment, 521 detection of psychiatric illness, 483 feigned illness, 530–531 mental disorders due to, 327 anxiety disorders, 333 cannabis and psychosis, 330 catatonia, 332 cognitive disorders, 334 delusions, 329 depression and Parkinson’s disease, 332 general principles, 327 hallucinations, 328 mood disorders, 330 personality disorder, 333 psychotic disorder, 328 stimulant psychosis, 329 mental disorders due to, 326–335 relationship to affective change, 270 suicide risk and, 455 medically unexplained symptoms, 523 biological mechanisms, 526 epidemiology, 523 biological mechanisms, 526 epidemiology, 523 biological mechanisms, 526 epidemiology, 523 biological mechanisms, 526 epidemiology, 523 biological mechanisms, 526 epidemiology, 523 biological mechanisms, 526 epidemiology, 523 biological mechanisms, 526 epidemiology,...
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...Anthropology Lecture 1 introduction Common Misconceptions with Drugs . The effect of a drug is caused solely by its pharmacological properties and effects. . Some drugs are instantly addictive . The gateway/ stepping stone theory - the use of 1 drug leads to the use of other more dangerous drugs What are drugs ? Krivanek's definition : Drugs are substances that are introduced into the body knowingly but not as food. Therefore illicit drugs, legal recreational drugs and legal but regulated pharmaceutical drugs that aren't recreational at all. - Whether if a drug is considered bad and is prohibited depends on the culture of the society in a particular period. What is culture ? The definition of culture = Through Roger keesing and Andrew Strathern's definition it is a system of shared ideas, rules and meanings that underlie and are expressed in the ways that human live. - This includes : law, beliefs, political economy, media and popular culture - this perceives ideas about what is normal and abnormal to society. " Culture is always changing and contested, not unified" Enthography as a method for studying drug use It is a process of observing, recoding and describing other peoples way of life through intimate participation the community being studied". - Participation observation, involving yourself in the life of the community , taking up the life of the other person, observing their actions, asking questions and learning what questions...
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...RESEARCH ON THE TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE AND EFFECTIVE MEASURES FOR THE TREATMENT OF THE DRUG ABUSERS IN ASIAN COUNTRIES AN ANALYSIS OF INNOVATIVE MEASURES FOR THE TREATMENT OF DRUG ABUSERS PREFACE Crimes related to drug abuse and the illegal manufacturing and trafficking of drugs are serious problems for virtually every country. The abuse of drugs has an adverse impact, not only on the individual abuser, but also on the economy and society of a country as a whole. Drug use and the problems that accompany it have an extremely deleterious effect on the healthy development of young people, especially. Due to the rapid increase in drug related crime and drug abusers in Asian countries, the establishment of effective countermeasures for demand and supply reduction are a pressing issue. In light of the above-mentioned situation, the United Nations Asia and Far East Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders (UNAFEI); and the Research Division of the Research and Training Institute, Ministry of Justice jointly conducted a comprehensive study on drug abuser treatment, from 2002 to 2004, entitled “Research on the Trends in Drug Abuse and Effective Measures for the Treatment of the Drug Abusers in Asian Countries - An Analysis of Innovative Measures for the Treatment of Drug Abusers”. The Asian countries included in the study are: China (Hong Kong), Korea, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. This is the first phase of the study on drug abuser treatment; the second...
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...PN MENTAL HEALTH NURSING EDITION . CO NT ASTERY SERI ES TM N E R EV MOD IE W LE U PN Mental Health Nursing Review Module Edition 9.0 CONtriButOrs Sheryl Sommer, PhD, RN, CNE VP Nursing Education & Strategy Janean Johnson, MSN, RN Nursing Education Strategist Sherry L. Roper, PhD, RN Nursing Education Strategist Karin Roberts, PhD, MSN, RN, CNE Nursing Education Coordinator Mendy G. McMichael, DNP, RN Nursing Education Specialist and Content Project Coordinator Marsha S. Barlow, MSN, RN Nursing Education Specialist Norma Jean Henry, MSN/Ed, RN Nursing Education Specialist eDitOrial aND PuBlisHiNg Derek Prater Spring Lenox Michelle Renner Mandy Tallmadge Kelly Von Lunen CONsultaNts Deb Johnson-Schuh, RN, MSN, CNE Loraine White, RN, BSN, MA PN MeNtal HealtH NursiNg i PN MeNtal HealtH NursiNg review Module editioN 9.0 intellectual Property Notice ATI Nursing is a division of Assessment Technologies Institute®, LLC Copyright © 2014 Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC. All rights reserved. The reproduction of this work in any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, is forbidden without the written permission of Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC. All of the content in this publication, including, for example, the cover, all of the page headers, images, illustrations, graphics, and text, are subject to trademark, service mark, trade dress, copyright, and/or other intellectual property rights or licenses...
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...Sydney Institute of Interpreting & Translating Address: Suite 206, 4 Goulburn Street Sydney NSW 2000 Australia Tel : 61 2 9283 5759 Fax: 61 2 9264 2380 E-mail: info@siit.nsw.edu.au Passage 1: Scenario: An international conference on issues relating to elderly people needs this passage translated into Chinese for session papers. Medicine and law and the euthanasia debate 医学、法律与安乐死争议 Medicine and law are the main social institutions at the heart of the euthanasia debate. Where euthanasia is legalised, doctors have the problematic gate-keeping role as the arbiters of terminal illness, deciding how terminal it is, administering pain relief and treatment and ultimately, depending on the legislation adopted, prescribing or delivering terminal medication. Medicine shares this gate-keeping role with the law, which serves a regulating and restraining function, providing safeguards for both doctors and individuals. The many safeguards required in most versions of euthanasia legislation, covering issues such as the meaning of terminal illness and suffering, the patient's decision-making capacity, the interpretation of intention and coercion, the availability of alternative relief, the responsibilities of medical professionals and provision for scrutiny of doctors' decisions, underline the complexity of the issue. A strong view put forward by antieuthanasia advocates is that the very soul of medicine is placed on trial by euthanasia and that doing harm to medicine...
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