...Quantitative marketing research is the application of quantitative research techniques to the field of marketing. It has roots in both the positivist view of the world, and the modern marketing viewpoint that marketing is an interactive process in which both the buyer and seller reach a satisfying agreement on the "four Ps" of marketing: Product, Price, Place (location) and Promotion. As a social research method, it typically involves the construction of questionnaires and scales. People who respond (respondents) are asked to complete the survey. Marketers use the information so obtained to understand the needs of individuals in the marketplace, and to create strategies and marketing plans. Contents [hide] • 1 Scope and requirements • 2 Typical general procedure • 3 Statistical analysis o 3.1 Reliability and validity o 3.2 Types of errors • 4 See also • 5 List of related topics • 6 References [edit] Scope and requirements This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (July 2010) [edit] Typical general procedure Simply, there are five major and important steps involved in the research process: 1. Defining the Problem. 2. Research Design. 3. Data Collection. 4. Analysis. 5. Report Writing & presentation. A brief discussion on these steps is: 1. Problem audit and problem definition - What is the problem? What are the various aspects of the problem? What information is needed? 2. Conceptualization and operationalization - How exactly do we define...
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...Performance Management and Appraisal Shaneece S. Thompson Long Island University (Brooklyn campus) Human Resource Management 355-001 November 14, 2014 Identify the Performance Appraisal Method Used Doing a good job setting performance expectations with employee is akin to sending them on a journey with a map, a timetable, and some end goal in mind. They have a good chance of being able to meet the expectations you have of them because you have set them up for success. Some leaders failed to give directions to their employees and then the evaluative process becomes complicated and unfair to staff. Performance appraisal methods should be chosen properly to guide employee in the right direction. Critical Incident Method The critical incident method of performance appraisal is used to identify and describe specific events where the employee did something well or something that needs improvement. The encounter between David and Hodgetts was to highlight the problems occurring on the work site and to inform Kennison that it needs to be addressed. It was a meeting to emphasize to Kennison his roles and responsibilities. This approach is that performance evaluations are based on actual performance that is observed firsthand by the employee’s manager such as why Kennison was not reporting work delays and problems with inspectors. Why did it failed to produce long-lasting results? This method failed to produce long-standing results because Kennison needed to communicate more with...
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...Traditional methods of police management emerged from two sources: a militaristic view of policing, and management. In this model the chain of command has strict supervision, tight control, limited officer discretion, and thick bureaucratic regulations. Traditional policing enforces laws to the public as well as to working with the community. It focuses on rapid response times to crime as the way to measure police success. Identifying, apprehending, and prosecuting criminals is the focus and seems logical. The thought held that evidence at the crime scene would lead to an arrest. A major component to this model is local control. Scientific management has a focus on efficiently, orderliness, and output. This is considered the “machine model” (Proactive Police Management, 1985). There are four basic principles for this managerial model. Division of labor and specialization, unity of command and centralization of decision making, narrow span of control, and one-way authority. Monocratically organized bureaucracy goes right along with the basic principles. The emphasis was focused on predictability, technical competence, authoritarianism, impersonality, and rationality. This model shows that the manager has complete control over the organizational machinery. There are three different stages of bureaucracy. Cash salaries, clerical component, and professional qualifications. These are also characteristics of police organizations. Cash salaries is used to replace unpaid work by family...
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...|Research Methods for Business and Management | |Expansion plan for Kat Maconie’s entrance to the Indian market | | | | | | | |Kapil Bam | |15-Aug-14 | | | Contents Significance of the study/ Research rationale 2 Research aims 3 Research objectives 3 Research questions 3 Literature Review 4 Research Design and Methodology 4 Research Philosophy 4 Research Approach 4 Research Strategy 4 Data collection method 4 Accessibility issues 4 Ethical issues 5 Data analysis plan 5 Research limitations 5 References 6 Holts G.B. (2004). How Brands Become Icons: The Principles of Cultural Branding. Harvard Business School 6 Introduction The systematic way of collating data which involves designing and following a number of steps for the purpose of analysis or in pursuit of seeking solution to a problem is known as research. Research is conducted in order to obtain knowledge...
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...EFFECTS OF RISK MANAGEMENT METHODS ON PROJECT PERFORMANCE IN RWANDAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY A CASE STUDY OF MULTI-STOREYED BUILDINGS CONSTRUCTION PROJECT OF RSSB Systemic project risk management has an effect on the project success. It is found that there is strong relationship between the amount of risk management efforts undertaken in a project and the level of the project success. Several project risk management approaches are proposed as follows; i.e., (PRAM, Chapman (1997), RAMP, Thomas (2002), PMBOK (2008), RMS, a risk management (2002) etc. Pejman (2012) Existing approaches may be summarized into a four phase process for effective project risk management, i.e., (identifying risks, assessing risks, responding risks, and monitoring and/or reviewing risks. Nerija (2012) The overview of definitions which can be found in literature regarding those two terms implies that uncertainty is a broad concept and risk is a part of it. This confirms close relation between those two concepts but at the same time distinguishes them. In the following chapters, the focus is on risk itself and how it should be handled. Uncertain is not a tangible term and thus will not be further developed in this report. The PMBOK (2004) listed the following strategies or techniques for managing risks in the construction projects; avoid (extending schedule, reducing scope, shutting down the project),transfer (Financial risk exposure, insurance, warranties, guarantees);mitigate(taking early actions...
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...Strategies and Methods of Technology Management James Teacher MGMT 447 Sunday, August 28, 2011 Abstract In this essay, information on the identification of issues and concerns of what causes poor technology management will be addressed. The strategies and methods will show how the issues and concerns for technology will be corrected and turn the company around. The timeframe will show how the information will get done within the 6 month period along with what type of strategy will be used. The identification issues that need to be address which is causing poor technology management are privacy issues. Privacy issues can cause the identities of employers and employees to be at risk and stolen because personal information is the fundamental component for the technology systems with a company (“Technology Management”, 2011). By addressing the issue of privacy, the employees and other employers should be aware of the issue. Most jobs require a log-in to be able to access computer information within the workplace. To prevent poor technology, the company has to use legislation and technical decisions or combine them using all 4 methods which are legal, technical, security, and police. When it comes to using legal, the company should enforce a data protection regulation or human rights regulation with the company’s handbook. These regulations will make sure no one (including employers) within the company will have access to personal information without permission (“Technology...
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...Inventory Management Methods (ii) RFID ( Radio Frequency Identification ) RFID is small tags contain a chip with information. The information on the tag can be updated or changed as necessary which makes it more adaptable than barcode. This technology helps stores or companies to see who is buying their products, how fast and when they need to restock. It uses radio frequencies to transmit data stored on small tags attached to individual products. RFID helps to reduce costs and increase efficiency. Besides that, RFID allows businesses to identify individual products and helps to track the products throughout the supply chain from production to point-of-sale and help companies get the right products into the right stores at the right time. Advantages There are some advantages using RFID which are firstly, resistant to humidity and temperature which means they can be used in harsh weather conditions. RFID tag is more resistant because it is normally part of the products and it is placed under a protective surface and supports humidity and temperature better compared to barcode which breaks and damaged easily. Secondly, enables reading of several labels simultaneously automatically compared to barcode which have to be read sequentially. For example with this automatic identification system through radiofrequency it can reduce waiting time in supermarket queues. Thirdly, can contain more information about the product which means electronic labels can hold more information...
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...in the market? * What is the track record of stocks? * What is the financial state of the organization? * What are the advantages available that do not exist for others? * What is the state of skilled workforce in the company? * What are the strong product brands? * What is the capability to be flexible and accept changes? * What is the state of employees morale? * Is the advertisement and marketing strategy effective? * Is the modern product technology being used? * Are the best practices being utilized? * Is the company making best use of information technology? * What is the condition of inventory management, including dead stock? * Is the company's culture innovative? * Is the organization capable to be competitive locally and internationally? * Is the project management team suitably trained and skillful? * What are the policies regarding reward and recognition? * How does the organization manage cultural differences? * What are the special resources available? * What is the strength of its customer base? Weaknesses * Is the organization concentrating to achieve its objectives? * What are the areas in which the competitors possess an overwhelming edge? * What are the essential human resources that are essentially required but not available? * Are funds available when required? * Is the clientage limited to a few customers? * Can the organization meet challenges from competitors...
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...Management Accounting Assignment Activity-Based Costing (ABC) is a theory for cost management controlling. Activity based on the management aims to describe a company as a series of activities which are related to customers’ desires and costs. Activity-Based Costing is a process for calculating the cost of the activities of an organization. Activities within an organization are identified and an average cost is related to each activity. The total cost of a product is the sum of the total costs of activities required to produce the product. The cost of every activity for products is identified as (the average cost of the activity) * (the number of times the activity, which is required for that product). Cooper and Kaplan (1992) explained how Activity-Based Costing allows the very important distinction between resource usage and resource purchase. The difference is the unused capacity. Removal of this unused capacity allows costs to be decreased. Turney (1992) thought that the important non-temporal links between cost and company quality. He also explained how it is important between assets, resource drivers, activities, activity drivers, processes, company performance, cost drivers, and cost. Turney (1989) claimed that underlying Activity-Based Costing is type of an assumption that activities cost resources and products consume activities. Activities contain the establishing vendor relations, spending, paying out, setting up a machine, running the equipment, reorganizing...
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...Strategies and Methods of Technology Management In: Business and Management Strategies and Methods of Technology Management Strategies and Methods of Technology Management James Teacher MGMT 447 Sunday, August 28, 2011 Abstract In this essay, information on the identification of issues and concerns of what causes poor technology management will be addressed. The strategies and methods will show how the issues and concerns for technology will be corrected and turn the company around. The timeframe will show how the information will get done within the 6 month period along with what type of strategy will be used. The identification issues that need to be address which is causing poor technology management are privacy issues. Privacy issues can cause the identities of employers and employees to be at risk and stolen because personal information is the fundamental component for the technology systems with a company (“Technology Management”, 2011). By addressing the issue of privacy, the employees and other employers should be aware of the issue. Most jobs require a log-in to be able to access computer information within the workplace. To prevent poor technology, the company has to use legislation and technical decisions or combine them using all 4 methods which are legal, technical, security, and police. When it comes to using legal, the company should enforce a data protection regulation or human rights regulation with the company’s handbook. These regulations...
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...Quantitative Methods in Management is generally a practical field and can be applied in different areas like Manufacturing, Environmental Planning, Engineering and Construction which is the field of my profession as an Architect. The subject offers a scientific and systematic approach to problem solving and decision making. The use of mathematical analysis helps a decision maker like me, to be able to understand the problems I’m facing and provide a tool in making informed and reasoned judgments. One example on how the subject can help me is for putting mark ups on BIDS which we normally use in construction. The different methods shown in the subject especially in chapter 4 sample problem(4-13) in the book thought me on how to evaluate expected value of profit on different values of additional cost and evaluate which value can give me the best probability of winning the bid and getting the highest profit possible. Since one of the objectives of the subject is to develop analytical frame of mind, it will be an essential tool in project management which includes decision making. It will make Project Managers like me to be explicit in analyzing conditions associated with future decisions and in determining the outcome of different alternatives. For example in my case, I can now evaluate the pros and cons of renting exhibitions stands against building our own for the company. I can now consider which will be more profitable for the company considering all the factors and...
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...1. 供应链管理概述 任何一个企业都不能孤立地生存，它需要市场、需要各种企业的支持。这些市场和企业联系到一起，形成了一条长长的供需链。所以，供需链是早已客观存在。当前的市场竞争已经是供应链之间的竞争，是一种“合作竞争”。在市场竞争形势下供应链管理（Supply Chain Management，SCM）的意义就更为突出。 实质上，在供应链上的每一个环节都含有“供”和“需”的双重含义。例如，企业的销售部门是市场的供方，但又是生产部门的需方；而生产部门是销售部门的供方，又是采购部门的需方。“供”与“需”总是相对而言、相伴而生的。所以，也有人称它为供需链。 供应链上有5种“流”在流动。这就是信息流、物流、资金流、价值流和工作流。这些“流”相互关联、相互影响，形成了一个完整的系统。 •信息流分成需求信息和供应信息两种不同流动方向的信息流。 •物流是供需链上最显而易见的物资流动。计划与控制功能主要是针对物流的。 •企业的各项业务活动都会消耗一定的资源，消耗资源会导致资金流出，所以企业中有资金流。对此，提供了各种监控资金流动、分析产品获利性和优化总成本的功能。 •各种物料在供需链上移动，是一个不断增加其技术含量或附加值的增值过程。因此，供需链还有增值链的含义。提供了分析增值作业的功能。 •信息、物料、资金都不会自己流动，物料的价值也不会自动增值。要靠人的劳动来实现，要靠企业的业务活动—工作流，它们才能流动起来。 整个供应链管理框架图如下： 点击放大 结合Intranet／Extranet／Internet等新技术，把供应链进一步扩充，可以得到一个全新的现代企业管理模式，如下图所示： 点击放大 从20世纪60年代起，企业就开始了管理信息化的应用，从MRP到ERP，逐步地实现了对采购、库存、生产、销售、财务和人力资源等业务的管理，使其内部业务流程和处理实现了自动化，为企业内部纵向一体化管理创造了不可磨灭的功绩。但是，在经济全球化蓬勃发展的今天，ERP在供应链的跨企业横向一体化管理方面显得力不从心。以前是企业与企业之间的竞争，以后将是供应链与供应链之间的竞争。因此，全球500强企业在经过若干年的ERP应用后又纷纷引入了SCM（供应链管理）。 供应链管理（Supply Chain Management） 是对供应链所涉及组织的集成和对物流、信息流、资金流的协同，以满足用户的需求和提高供应链整体竞争能力。简言之，供应链管理就是优化和改进供应链活动， 供应链管理的对象是供应链的组织（企业）和它们之间的“流”；应用的方法是集成和协同；目标是满足用户需求，最终是提高供应链的整体竞争能力。 随着新技术和管理模式的不断涌现和应用，供应链管理在企业内的角色和地位在过去三十多年中已经发生了巨大的变化。在20世纪7O年代，供应链管理还被称作"分销"，集中于企业内部的仓储和运输的整合优化。从1980年代起，供应链管理的中心转移到整个供应链中流程和成本结构的再造。HerbertW.Davis&Co.的数字表明，从1982年到1990年间，北美的供应链成本，包括成品运输、仓储、订单处理、客户服务、行政管理和存货成本等，降低了将近三分之一。自20世纪90年代起，供应链管理的中心开始从降低成本转向提高客户服务水平。20世纪90年代后期，战略供应链管理的浪潮开始兴起。战略供应链管理区别于传统理念的关键是从"成本为中心"转变为"以客户为中心"，从最终用户开始分析供应链各环节的可能组合的收益和风险，进行企业的未来战略定位和设计。 ...
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...The SPACE matrix is a management tool used to analyze a company. It is used to determine what type of a strategy a company should undertake. The Strategic Position & ACtion Evaluation matrix or short a SPACE matrix is a strategic management tool that focuses on strategy formulation especially as related to the competitive position of an organization. The SPACE matrix can be used as a basis for other analyses, such as the SWOT analysis, BCG matrix model, industry analysis, or assessing strategic alternatives (IE matrix). What is the SPACE matrix strategic management method? To explain how the SPACE matrix works, it is best to reverse-engineer it. First, let's take a look at what the outcome of a SPACE matrix analysis can be, take a look at the picture below. The SPACE matrix is broken down to four quadrants where each quadrant suggests a different type or a nature of a strategy: Aggressive Conservative Defensive Competitive This is what a completed SPACE matrix looks like: SPACE matrix strategic management tool example This particular SPACE matrix tells us that our company should pursue an aggressive strategy. Our company has a strong competitive position it the market with rapid growth. It needs to use its internal strengths to develop a market penetration and market development strategy. This can include product development, integration with other companies, acquisition of competitors, and so on. Now, how do we get to the possible outcomes...
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...Quantitative Methods in Management Q M M Session One Asato ma sat gamaya, tamaso ma jyotir gamaya, mrityo ma amritam gamaya ‘Lead me from the superficial to the worthy, from darkness to light and from stagnation to zestful living’ Brahadaranyaka Upanishad (1,3,28) [pic]M C Escher http://www.theorsociety.com/Science_of_Better/htdocs/prospect/index.asp What is Operational Research? The discipline of applying appropriate analytical methods to help make better decisions. By using techniques such as problem structuring methods (sometimes known as 'Soft O.R.') and mathematical modelling to analyse complex situations, operational research gives executives the power to make more effective decisions and build more productive systems based on: • More complete data • Consideration of all available options • Careful predictions of outcomes and estimates of risk • The latest decision tools and techniques Linear Programming Operations management often presents complex problems that can be modelled by linear functions. The mathematical technique of linear programming is instrumental in solving a wide range of operations management problems. Linear programming is used to solve problems in many aspects of business administration including: • product mix planning • distribution networks • truck routing • staff scheduling • financial...
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...5 1.1 Over view of the company 5 1.2 Products and brand name 6 1.3 Business Objectives 6 1.4 HSBC bank to commitments to its employees 7 1.5 Human resource manager system 8 II. RESEARCH INTRODUCTION 9 2.1 Problem statement 9 2.2 Main construct 9 2.3 Research objective 9 2.4 Research questions 10 CHARPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW 11 I. JOB STRESS 11 II. TYPES OF JOB STRESS 13 CHARPTER III: RESEARCH MODEL AND HYPOTHESES 16 I. RESEARCH MODEL 16 II. RESEARCH HYPOTHESES 17 2.1. Work Interference With Family and Family interference with work. 17 2.2 Job –Family Role Strain Scale……………………………………………......19 2.3 Work to family Conflict Scale 21 CHARPTER IV: RESEARCH METHODS 24 I. RESEARCH DESIGN 24 II. RESEARCH METHODS 24 2.1 Data collection method 24 2.2 Measures 24 2.2.1 Work interference With Family and Family interference with work…….25 2.2.2 Job- Family Role Strain Scales 28 2.2.3 Work to family conflict 29 2.2.4 Control over areas of work and familu 31 III. DATA ANALYSIS AND REPORT 33 3.1 Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents 34 3.2 Reliability Analysis 36 3.3 Descriptive Analysis 38 3.4 Correlation of all Variables Statistics 39 3.5 Hypothesis Testing 40 CHARPTER V: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 45 I. DISCUSSION...
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