...hand can modify protocols based on the environment and have a very high degree of flexibility. They can also use unconventional methods to obtain results. * Enthusiasm to work: All said and done, in the end for any rural venture to be successful, what is required is a very high degree of enthusiasm, and an urge to excel. Social work is usually characterized by long working hours, unclear goals, sensitivity towards culture, commitment to the goals. Most private ventures enter this field out of passion and hence have this in plenty. Government officials may or may not be passionate about this project, but have to work on it. This clearly translates into the results. * Need for micro-level approach: Most rural ventures are extremely people oriented and need a lot of work to be done on a micro level and at a small scale. To be able to reach such a small demographic is usually...
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...you have just explained is not evolution but adaptation. And we as Muslims have got no objection to accept this. And what you also outlined is the concept of Natural selection and survival of the fittest. Again we as Muslims have got no objection to accept this. According to your explanation, you say that Darwin never states that there is a change of kind in evolutionary biology. If I agree with this, then this means the atheists and evolutionary biologists have lied for more than 200 years when they say we have been evolved from apes . We have been deceived by the likes of Richard Dawkins and other scientists who believed in this. There are 2 categories of evolutionary biology. Micro-evolution and macro-evolution. Micro-evolution is evolutionary change WITHIN a species or small group of organisms, especially over a short period. However, macro-evolution is evolution on a scale of SEPERATED gene pools and focuses on change that occurs at or above the level of species. What you spoke about viruses and bacteria evolving is under the micro-evolution and therefore we as Muslims have no problem to accept micro-evolution. The problem comes in macro-evolution where it says one species changes to another kind. There is not a single observational evidence to support this. The most common evidence given by atheists for this is Darwin's finches where the size of beaks changes over time to adapt to a different environment. Again, this is not macro-evolution because they still remain to be...
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...Evidence of Evolution Introduction: Evolution is usually defined as the change over time in one or more inherited traits found in populations of organisms. Inherited traits are particular distinguishing characteristics. Evolution may occur when there is variation of inherited traits within a population. The major sources of such variation are mutation, genetic recombination and gene flow. This process has produced all the diversity of living organisms. Charles Darwin characterized the result as endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful. It has always been debated if there is any evidence of evolution and in what fields, in this report we will give a brief summary concerning: • DNA Evidence of Evolution • Biological Evidence of Evolution DNA Evidence of Evolution: DNA molecules are complex molecules which contain the assembly instructions for every living creature. Certain aspects of DNA have been interpreted as evidence for Darwinian evolution. DNA evidence for evolution includes mutations, genetic similarities among species, so-called “Junk DNA” and “Pseudogenes.” The fact that mutations can corrupt DNA is important for the Darwinian paradigm because in order for an organism to eventually evolve into an entirely different organism, changes must be made to the creature’s genome over time. But Darwinian evolution needs more than just change. It needs an increase in genetic information. Critics point out that genetic mutation does not appear to provide a...
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...Microevolution This is both a necessary step in covering the gamut of arguments in favor of evolution and the step that will least impress dyed-in-the-wool Creationists. Dawkins does a good job of explaining some ingenious experiments that demonstrate just how rapidly evolutionary change can occur. He describes a decades-long (and still ongoing) experiment involving E. coli bacteria, and another involving wild guppies in South America. Both experiments show conclusively that natural selection exerts powerful influence on the development of species. Here’s the problem: the cleverest Creationists have already embraced so-called “micro-evolution;” that is, change within a species, or change into species still very closely related. The Creationists made quite a big deal out of rapid evolution in discussing Darwin’s finches in the recent documentary film The Voyage that Shook the World. Their argument, in short, was that the incredible variety of birds we see today could be the results of rapid evolutionary expansion from only a few species left over after Noah’s Flood. (Yes, it’s a stupid argument, but one that has at least a whiff of plausibility.) So, while Dawkins is right to lay out this evidence, it won’t in and of itself be much of a convincer. Snarky Creationists would only be shut up (and maybe not even then) with an experiment that demonstrated the emergence of radical new features like, say winged mice, or grasshoppers with spines. Dawkins warns the reader not...
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...Title: Evolution and Intelligent Design: Which Is True? Introduction: * Controversial subject * Full into beliefs * Very political * Connection between Intelligent Design & Creationism I. Background A. Evolution is the scientific theory that all life forms on Earth today are descended from a single cell organism 1. Charles Darwin & Natural Selection 2. Genes carry the DNA codes for a evolutionary trait to be passed to the next generation B. Creationists feel the need to attack the evolution theory to “free God from its shackles” 1. Evolution provides a meaningful explanation of the relationship of the Creator to man & animals 2. We are formed, by the Creator, from the dust of the Earth C. Evolution is metaphysics 1. Something transforms into other things, but the process is unexplained 2. Breathing air, wings & fins are excellent examples II. First Side- Evolution A. Does not prove there is no God 1. May not be able to prove there is a higher power, can prove that a fish grew leg & walked on land 2. Provides the basis for the Creator’s work, macro to micro B. Historical trials & their outcomes 1. Wesley Roberts-“A Struggle in Tennessee” 2. John Scopes- trial of religion & science III. Second Side- Intelligent Design A. The theory by Mr. Charles Darwin 1. No sufficient evidence to prove that one organism evolves into another 2. Evolution & Alchemy go hand-in-hand;...
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...Evolution and Intelligent Design The subject of how life started on this planet we called “Earth” is a very controversial subject. The whole topic is a battle of the beliefs of its inhabitants. It is seen in politics, as well as in schools, the workplace, and other areas that people are interacting. Intelligent Design is occasionally referred to as Creationism. However, the proper title is Intelligent Design. Creationism is more along the lines of a religious assembly. Yet the supporters of both affiliations are called Creationists. Evolution, by definition, is the scientific theory that all life forms on Earth today are descended from a single cell organism (Source B). Intelligent Design is the belief that a higher power fashioned all the forms life as they are now. Charles Darwin created the idea of Natural Selection (Source B). Within it, a specific species can adapt to a change and pass that gene onto its offspring. The genes carry the DNA codes for the evolutionary trait to be passed on (FAQ). Creationists feel the need to harass the evolution theory to “Free God from its shackles” (Leone). Evolution provides significant justification of the relationship linking the life on Earth and the Creator (Leone). As quoted from Leone, “We are formed, by the Creator, from the dust of the Earth.” Evolution is metaphysics; a branch of philosophy investigating principles of reality transcending those of any particular science (Gerdes). Some subjects transform into other...
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...Darwin's Theory Of Evolution - A Theory in Crisis You are here: Science >> Darwin's Theory Of Evolution Darwin's Theory of Evolution - The Premise Darwin's Theory of Evolution is the widely held notion that all life is related and has descended from a common ancestor: the birds and the bananas, the fishes and the flowers -- all related. Darwin's general theory presumes the development of life from non-life and stresses a purely naturalistic (undirected) "descent with modification". That is, complex creatures evolve from more simplistic ancestors naturally over time. In a nutshell, as random genetic mutations occur within an organism's genetic code, the beneficial mutations are preserved because they aid survival -- a process known as "natural selection." These beneficial mutations are passed on to the next generation. Over time, beneficial mutations accumulate and the result is an entirely different organism (not just a variation of the original, but an entirely different creature). Darwin's Theory of Evolution - Natural Selection While Darwin's Theory of Evolution is a relatively young archetype, the evolutionary worldview itself is as old as antiquity. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Anaximander postulated the development of life from non-life and the evolutionary descent of man from animal. Charles Darwin simply brought something new to the old philosophy -- a plausible mechanism called "natural selection." Natural selection acts to preserve...
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...1. • Identify the relationship between the conditions on early Earth and the origin of organic molecules: - Conditions of early Earth: _ Massive oceans existed _ Only small landmasses above the surface of the water _ No ozone layer _ Large amounts of radiation reached the Earth _ No free oxygen in the air _ Large amounts of volcanic activity; heat, ash, dust and gases into atmosphere _ Violent electric storms common _ Atmosphere contained some water vapour (H2O), hydrogen (H2), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), a lot of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2), possibly ammonia (NH3) and methane (CH4). - The chemicals of life are contained within the following basic organic compounds: water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. - These compounds are made up of hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and some other common elements. - As you can see, the elements needed to create the basic organic compounds were already present in the atmosphere; i.e., H, O, C and N were already there. - The lack of an ozone layer, the frequent violent electric storms, and the volcanic activity of early Earth could have provided the energy for molecules to be formed. • Discuss the implications of the existence of organic molecules in the cosmos for the origin of life on Earth: - For life to have originated, the following events need to have happened: _ The required chemicals need to have been formed _ These chemicals need to have come together in a self-replicating...
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...was given no thought and left unanalysed and the possibility to prove an innovative thought without supporting it with facts and data are the issues which will be explored in the essay. I will look into the objectivity of the issue in the areas of business and science – the two topics where data and innovation are omnipresent. To discover new ways of thinking about what is already known brings innovation and might seem more important that discovering new data or facts. However, the innovative theory needs to be supported by data and facts in order to be proven and accepted. This can be best understood by a popular scientific discovery of the past – “Darwin’s Theory of Evolution.” During Darwin’s time, scientists explained physical growth (the variations a person undergoes as he matures) by the term evolution. Before Darwin, the scale of nature – considered to be the most important pattern of biodiversity - unanimously described the similarities and differences of various species; however it did not help solve the problem of genetics. The...
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...Name Tutor Class Date of submission Garbology Introduction Evolution is a very interesting concept in anthropology. It refers to the biological populations’ alteration of the inherited characteristics over successive generations. The processes in evolution bring diversity at each biological organization level including, individual organisms, molecules like proteins and DNA, and species. According to what we know, life on this universe actually originated and afterwards evolved from universal common ancestor. Perhaps this is what makes the subject of evolution appear more interesting since through it we get well informed about where we originated from and about our evolution. The concept of evolution is basically categorized under both micro and macroevolution processes. Microevolution refers to changes in the allele frequencies which occur overtime within a given population. For that reason, microevolution refers to the smaller evolutionary changes. For that reason, microevolution is gene pool changes of a population over a certain period of time that result in fairly small changes to organisms found in the population. A good example of such changes includes species’ size or coloring change. This change is essentially as a result of the four processes which in this case are mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, and selection both artificial and natural. Mutation is actually a nucleotide sequence change of an organism genome, extra chromosomal genetic...
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...Most of us think about evolution in some prehistoric sense. After all, we were first exposed to the theory of evolution in elementary school studying about dinosaurs. But evolution has not stood still; it has been an on-going process. There are many contributing factors to micro and macroevolution. Microevolution therefore refers to changes in DNA within a population for adaptation. Scientists have uncovered a gene BMP4, which shapes the beaks in Galapagos Finches. According to Weiner the finches represent the best and most detailed demonstration of natural selection. Therefore, whenever the food quality changes as a result of a drought or raining season. During the next couple of years, researchers could see a dramatic change in the beak sizes in various populations. Natural selection can drive changes of their beak sizes in response to selective pressure. As a result, the finches with more BMP4 revealed larger beak sizes. The evidence is all around us. The Galapagos Finches are a good example of microevolution; they provide small changes within a species. But I failed to see any facts that support for macroevolution. It is the process of one species changing into a different species over a long period of time. By producing a dog into a different species that would be an example of macroevolution....
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...*Q: What is Evolution? - Descent from modification * Macro Evolution (Large Scale Evolution) * Common Ancestor - descent of different species over many generations * OVER LARGER TIMESCALE (ex. Speciation) * Micro Evolution (Small Scale Evolution) * Changes in gene (allele) frequency in population from one generation to the next * May be over shorter time period (generations) * BOTH OF THESE IMPLY: * 1. Common Ancestry * 2. Changes through time *Natural selection occurs when 3 conditions are met; results in evolution * 1. There is variation in a trait * (Ex. Beetle color) * 2. The trait is heritable * (Ex. Brown beetles tends to have brown babies) * 3. There is differential reproductive success, and not all individuals reproduce to their full potential * (Ex. Green beetles are selected against by natural and Brown beetles are selected for- so they reproduce more) *Adaption: A trait that increases the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce compared with individuals without the trait Adaption in an evolutionary context: An inherited trait that makes an organism more fit in its abiotic and biotic environment, and that has arisen as a result of the direct action of natural selection for its primary function. Ex. Mimicry of the non-toxic king snake to evade predators Natural selection leads to Adaptions * Adjustments or changes In behavior, physiology...
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...Organism Physiology Organism Physiology BIO/ 101 Nov. 30, 2012 University of Phoenix Organism Physiology My paper is going to discuss organism physiology and the basic fundamentals of organism while explaining what my understanding is and what I have learned. In order to better help me understand what organism is I had to first define the meaning. “Organisms are any living thing such as fungus, animals, plants, or micro-organism” (Dictionary.com) in which is a body made up of organs, organelles, along with different other parts that combine together to help continue the process of life. The continuous organisms never stop only cause it is what living things need to live for example the life of a dolphin. Dolphins have been known to be social creatures also being known for their interaction for the purpose of hunting, defense, and reproduction. (Aqua)They are also carnivores that feed on such sea creatures as fish, squid, octopus, cuttlefish, crabs, shrimps, and lobsters as for them; they are mostly food for sharks, killer whales, humans. Most expected age for an normal living Dolphins is said to be around the age of 30 years. Compare to a normal human that’s usually consider a young age. (UnderstandDolphins.com- (Diagram) In looking at the diagram, you see a lot of common factors that most living things have in order to live such as a heart, a brain, bones, and other organs that a body would need to live. As the same as human being animals have certain and...
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...Theory of Evolution Charles Darwin was a British Scientist who lived from 1809 to 1882. He laid down the foundation of modern evolutionary theory with his concept of the development of life through the slow working process of natural selection. Darwin started to make notes about this theory in 1836 and in 1838 he had arrived at a sketch of a theory of evolution through natural selection. It was not until 1858 that his theory was first published in a paper. Darwin’s theory states that as plants or animals spread to new areas, or as the conditions change different variations would be favored in different places. This would mean these variations would spread through the populations of the plants or animals. Over time this would finally lead to a development of new species. This theory was explained in the book ‘The Origin of Species’, which describes his studies on the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean. He noticed that the species on the islands varied slightly from each island and were adapted to local conditions. The reaction to this theory was immediate. Biologists argued that Darwin could not prove his hypothesis. Others criticized his ideas of variation and how he could not prove how these variations came about or how they were passed on. This part of his theory was not answered until the birth of modern genetics in the early 20th century. In fact many scientists had doubts about this theory for 50-80 years. The most publicized attacks came from religious opponents who...
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...Neanderthals are extinct members of the homo neanderthalensis species (Wong 99). They lived on the European continent about 20,000 to 40,000 years ago. The Neanderthals are very similar looking to humans in their physical appearance. They are even considered to be humans, before we humans came along. When we humans are compared to Neanderthals we are considered to be modern humans. The extinction of Neanderthals could have been caused by many reasons. But scientists believe that the cause of extinction is due to evolutionary forces. There are a few evolutionary forces that may have taken place in the extinction of the Neanderthals. But if we, modern humans, are still alive wouldn’t the species that are similar to us also be alive? This means that the Neanderthals were different from modern humans and evolutionary forces had a role to play. Modern humans and the Neanderthals came from the same linage. Humans did not develop from the Neanderthal. The Neanderthals weren’t studied until a skull was found in Germany (Wong 99). They were classified as a whole different species because of their structural differences. But it turns out that their differences were not so major at all. Compared to the early modern European, Neanderthals had a receding forehead, strong brow ridge, and no chin. The early modern European had steeper forehead, delicate brow ridge, and a chin (Wong 100). The Neanderthals adapted to their environment. An example would be their big bodies that were built as...
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