...their main concern was to secure the rich oil reserves in the Middle East. The lies and deceptions of the U.S. must be uncovered to reveal the truth about the War on Terror to show how that the U.S. did not act out of humanitarian concern to help the women of Afghanistan, but it was for self interest in securing oil. Noam Chomsky’s theory of manufacturing consent is the idea that the media is controlled by high ranking elites that are businessmen and control the means of production in society, so they use the media to persuade the majority of the population to side with the issue at hand. The theory of manufacturing consent can be used to understand the War on Terror because President George Bush was an ex-oil executive and during his campaign oil companies sponsored him with millions of dollars, Bush’s administration had 41 former oil executives, and Dick Cheney is most notably known for his ties to Halliburton Oil. This relates to the theory of manufacturing consent because Bush, Chaney, and oil executives owned massive amounts of assets in media corporations where they used the media to their advantage and selectively portrayed news that justified the War on Terror. The manipulation of the media by elites was used to avert the public’s attention from the real reason for the War on Terror, which was for oil, and justified that the U.S. wanted to intervene to stop terrorism and free oppressed women in the Middle East. Cramer and Thrall argue that the biggest motivation for the...
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...Abstract This paper aims to investigate the state female entrepreneurs with an emphasis on female entrepreneurs from Saudi Arabia. The paper will employ a qualitative approach to try and understand how female entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia have managed to start and manage their enterprises. The reasons that motivated women to take this approach in the business world will be interrogated, the challenges that face them and the means used to mitigate those problems will also be investigated. This thesis will look at the internal and external barriers that are faced by female entrepreneurs. The factors that form the conventional support network for women in business around the globe will be analyzed in a bid to show the to which they have been applied in Saudi Arabia. Using established research literature, the common problems faced by female entrepreneurs are well stated, this paper will go further to show how progress has been achieved and the factors that have facilitated a resurgence of entrepreneurship in this Middle Eastern country. Female Entrepreneurship In Saudi Arabia Female entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia could the next frontier for the improvement of the Middle Eastern economy. A sector long overlooked due to the conservative nature of the Islamic society (Elamin & Omair, 2010), men have traditionally been looked upon to lead the way in business. However, recent development point to a paradigm shift as more Saudi women are making their mark in the business world. The...
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...The religious subculture I chose to do this paper on is Islam. Islam is one of the largest religions in the world. It is a monotheistic faith based on revelations received by the prophet Muhammad in the 7th-century Saudi Arabia (www.religionfacts.com). Their beliefs about God, the universe, and humanity is the main concern to Muslims. There are over 1 billion Islam followers and they’re known as Muslims. I chose to research about the religion Islam because I am very interested in learning way more about their history. Also I think some of the things they bring to the world are great. I also chose this topic because I know at the end of my research I will learn something different and that will help with my understanding of the religion. This religious subculture came to be a part of American society between 1878 and 1924 when Muslim immigrants from the Middle East arrived in large numbers, settling, in Ohio, Michigan, Iowa and even the Dakotas. They were seeking greater economic opportunity and worked as manual laborers. They are also part of American society because they strive to become more active in American political process and to educate their neighbors about their religion and history....
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...Foreign Service. Dr. Adely received her Ph.D. in Comparative Education and Anthropology from Columbia University. She is interested in education in the Middle East and Africa, especially areas that pertain to women, gender and culture. In this paper, Adely furthers her research on Jordanian schoolgirls. The abstract clearly states the purpose, the setting, the research design as well as the study’s conclusions and recommendations. The abstract outlines Dr. Adely’s intent to explore the importance of extracurricular activities, more specifically music, in the education of patriotism, faith and femininity in a female high school in Jordan Her qualitative study based on first-hand experience as well as conversation analysis is aimed at both the academic community and the general population interested in socio-cultural perspectives on education in the Middle East. Analysis Throughout her study, Adely builds primarily on her previous work from 2004, however she does cite literature from Kandiyoti (1991) and Ahmed (1992) among others. This literature is cited in the conclusion and little reference is made to the exact content of the cited authors work. Dr. Adely chose these authors in order to show the reader that many others have also explored the field of female roles in nation building, authenticity and modernity in the Middle East, North Africa, and beyond. Although the author does state that, “there is a vast literature...
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...Islamic Culture My first encounter with the Islamic faith was a result of the 9-11 tragedies. While I like to think that I think for myself, I must admit to being a sheep during that time. I did not know anything about Muslims or their faith. I also confess to believing that is was only practiced in the Middle East. The Central Asian Arabian desert saw birth to the Islamic religion around 600 AD. The religion started with the teachings of Prophet Muhammad who is considered to be the messenger of the one and only, formless, all-powerful God, Allah. Islam spread rapidly from the Arabian Peninsula in less than 30 years and managed to defeat the Persian and Roman Empires. Over the next several centuries, Islam reached as far east as India and westward to Spain. Through traveling traders, Islam spread to Southeast Asia; where today Indonesia is the largest Muslim country. Today, Islam is considered to be the fastest growing religion in the world. According to ncccusa.org, “there are about 1.2 billion Muslims and about 2 billion Christians in the world. By 2025, it is expected that Islam will grow by 50%, and Christianity will grow by 31%. Indonesia has the greatest number of Muslims with over 170 million adherents. Pakistan is next with 136 million”. If one follows the Islamic faith, women and men are equal in rights and life. They are not seen as equal in physical attributes therefore it is the man’s duty to be the physical laborer and be the main financial supporter of the...
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...Gender and Social Change in the Middle East: The Islam and Women Phenomenon Written By: Amelia Ramraj Arguably the most heated, widely discussed and controversial topic in gender and social change with respect to a cultural context is the state of women in the Middle East and the role that religion plays as a primary source for further derived influences of politics, economics, legal and family affairs to the social situation as a whole. This social stratosphere of revolving and intricate subjects of change and progression represent a multitude of conflicting ideologies, theories and realities. The media serves as an informational anchor, particularly in its portrayal of social situations and change, primarily divided into Western and Eastern media. The broader subject at hand is gender and social change in the Middle East, but specifically, how women, as the primary subject of the gender discussion, and Islam, as the foremost engine to drive the social scene across the Middle Eastern peninsula co-exist to create an unprecedented dynamic in the Middle East. This research paper will attempt to progressively reveal and discuss related subjects in order to create a transitional framework for a relevant understanding of the gender and social dynamic of the Middle East. As an outline, this paper will begin by briefly discussing the global role of women from a gender and sexuality perspective. It will then analyze how such roles are portrayed and what movements exist in order...
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...level; certain aspects of business have become abundantly clear. One thing that has become the norm when doing business on the international level is dealing with different cultures. Culture, as defined by Geert Hofstede is “the collective programming of the human mind that distinguishes the members of one human group from those of another. Culture in this sense is a system of collectively held values.” The concept of a culture has been around for a very long time; in-fact, when people exist in the same place together they end up following a set of rules. These rules can be called a “social norm” or culture and can be made up of simple things like how to act in certain situations all the way to a very devout set of beliefs or values. This paper will focus on the role that culture plays on multinational businesses around the globe and the differences that culture plays from one area of the globe to the next. An in-depth look will be taken on the obstacles that may arise due to culture, adjustments that need to be made, and any ethical conundrums that may arise due to different cultures. Literature Review D. Elenkov and d. Kirova, state that “MNCs should not underestimate the importance of the cultural specificity of the host countries because different staffing, selecting, training, motivating and compensating practices should be applied in accordance with the characteristics of the local cultural context,” (2008, p. 71). A unique perspective on culture is taken by Hill...
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...CURRICULUM VITAE Professor Patit Paban Mishra, an Indian national was educated in Delhi University, Jawaharlal Nehru University and Rabindra Bharati University. Professor Mishra’s main area of research lies in history , international relations and Asian studies. After retirement from Sambalpur University, Orissa, India; as a Professor in 2011, he took up assignment as visiting Professor at Northern University of Malaysia(UUM). CURRENT DESIGNATION Visiting Professor, UUM College of Law, Government and International Studies (COLGIS) Universiti Utara Malaysia 06010 UUM Sintok, Kedah DA, Malaysia. Malaysian phone numbers are , +60149344425, +60108049347. E-mail, ppmishra7@yahoo.com and/or patit@uum.edu.my ACADEMIC/RESEARCH/TEACHING INTEREST History, international relations and Asian studies. ------------------------------------------------- EDUCATION ------------------------------------------------- D. Litt.(1998) Rabindra Bharati University, Calcutta, Orissa in Trans-National Migration: A Study of Culture in Transit. ------------------------------------------------- Ph.D.(1979)Centre for South, Southeast and Central Asian Studies, J.N.U., New Delhi, ------------------------------------------------- The Problem of Laos: Its international dimensions since the Geneva Conference respectively. ------------------------------------------------- M.Phil (1972) Centre for South, Southeast and Central Asian Studies, J.N.U., New Delhi, The Pathet Lao...
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...The purpose of this paper is to educate our readers about the two largest religions in the world: Christianity and Islam. Religion has served in many societies as a mean of structure or social control, with rules that govern how people interact socially. We will be looking at the origin, similarities, differences, beliefs and festivals of each religion. Invariably, our aim is to ascertain through research data and interviews why Christianity is the world’s most popular religion, but more so why it is deemed most superior. Statement of Qualification. Our group strongly believes in the fundamental teachings of Christianity, having been exposed to its teachings from early childhood. We are respecters of all religions hence our research topic, to bring about a greater level of understanding of both, while identifying the beliefs and values these two great religion is built on. Based on our own individual experiences and personal realization of nature and how things are interconnected, we conclude that there is definitely a higher power that oversees everyone and everything, and it’s faith in this higher power that brought birth to Christianity. Review of Literature Religion is a controversial topic that has been debated with great enthusiasm by sociologists, theologians, and even students; some argue that the belief in religion is for closed minded individuals. One sociologist aimed to defend the fact that religion is an act of close...
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... Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK Abstract Purpose – In a constantly changing and increasingly globalised world, religions still play a significant role in influencing social and consumer behavior. The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual model that explores the link between religious beliefs and consumers’ boycotts towards particular products. Certain important concepts are linked to boycott, these include: conspicuous consumption of global brands, animosity and country of origin. Design/methodology/approach – First, a critical literature review on empirical consumer animosity, conspicuous consumption, religion, and consumption studies is undertaken. Second, qualitative techniques are used to collect the primary data. This is undertaken with reference to the case study of boycotting of the international Danish brands in Saudi Arabia, in order to highlight the relative emphasis of each of the factors that may influence consumer purchase behaviour of global brands. Findings – The findings of this study show that there is a strong relationship and a clear link between religiosity in Arabic/Islamic collectivist cultures and consumer behaviour (mainly boycotting). It also shows that consumers in such societies are collectively influenced by these factors when formulating their purchase decisions, particularly for international brands. Research limitations/implications – The sample was chosen from Saudi students living/studying in the UK. Hence, caution should...
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...Millar-Idriss, C. 2011. Transnational higher education: Offshore campuses in the Middle East. Comparative Education, 47(2), 181-207. doi:10.1080/03050068.2011.553935 Miller-Idriss examines the extreme increase in the number of cross-border higher education institutions, specifically in the Middle East. She states that of the 100 such institutions at the time of her research, over one-third are located in this region. Her paper presents the reasons behind the expansion, including a look at cultural, political, and economical components that impact education, definitions of the types of institutions, statistical information about the locations of institutions and the cooperating foreign affiliate institutions, and suggestions for further...
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...Jeremy Klee International Business 02W & CRW Research Paper 9/25/13 Globalization has been like an epidemic spreading across the business world in the last few decades. There is no denying that the true pioneers of spreading their business internationally have been the fast food industry. No other industry has had the perfect combination of staying true to its business roots but at the same time adapting themselves to the different countries they operate in better than the fast food industry. No matter where you go in the world you can get a Big Mac and it will taste exactly the same as it does here, but there are also many different options that customers in the United States would have no familiarity with. As will be obvious throughout this paper McDonalds is really the king of adapting its business to the various cultures of the countries they operate in. The top ten fast food chains with revenue made outside the United States from ten thru one are Dairy Queen, Dunkin Donuts, Wendy’s, Starbucks, Domino’s Pizza, Subway, Pizza Hut, Burger King, KFC, and McDonalds at number one with revenue total of 44 billion (Huffington Post Mar 12 2013). Some say that fast food chains that adapt themselves too much to other cultures are losing what made their businesses successful in the first place the idea that people in these for foreign countries eat at these restaurants to get a taste of American life not to eat the same thing they eat every day. That is really not the point...
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... International Relations Water Conflicts in the Middle East Submitted to: Dr. Aruna Kumar Malik Faculty (International Relations) Submitted by: Himanshu Sharma 10A048 (Sem – V) 1|Page GUJARAT NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY Acknowledgement I express my gratitude and sincere thanks to Mr. Aruna Kumar Malik, for his support throughout the making of this project. He has provided valuable guidance as and when required without which this project would not have been in this shape. I would like to thank Gujarat National Law University for giving us this opportunity to work on this project, especially the staff at the library for providing excellent research facilities. Lastly, I thank my friends for their support, for their help in the research and for critically going through the project and correcting the mistakes. 2|Page GUJARAT NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: Introduction…….………………………………………………………..4 Chapter 2: Causes of water Conflicts…………..………………………………….5 Chapter 3: Some Major Conflicts in the Middle East……………………………..6 Chapter 4: Remedial Measures…………..……………………………………….11 Chapter 5: Conclusion………………………………………………………..….....13 References..……………………………………………………………14 3|Page GUJARAT NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY I. Introduction The Middle-east is a region encompassing Western Asia and all or parts of North Africa, depending on the context in which the term is used. The history of the Middle-east dates far back and it has been a major centre of...
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...factor that will divide the world of politics, because of what we believe, religion, language and traditions. This is the reason why countries look for allies in different nations with the same beliefs. Religion is the biggest factor that will cause division and it is already proven between Christianity and Islam. From the ancient times until this very day religion and our beliefs is the cause of war, because we fight for what we believe. Rise of civilization against the other started in the ancient times. And until today, the conflict continues. It will never be solved because we have differences and those differences are what make us unique as a person and as a nation. You may hate someone because of the type of civilization, and you may also like someone because of it. Civilization is the identity of a nation. The Next Pattern of Conflict The source of conflict is not merely ideological or economical, cultural tradition is the greatest reason for division in our world. The western countries had conflicts between princes, their armies, even constitutional is because of their economic stand and the land that they ruled. During the ancient times, the Americans fought for their land because of the British Empire that wants to colonize their land. The Founding Fathers stood against them and later on made a move to make a constitution for their protection. The western civil war is not because of their religion but because of the borders that they can conquer, they want to own more...
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...IN CONTEMPORARY SOUTHEAST ASIA ISLAMIC STUDIES AND ISLAMIC EDUCATION i ii IN CONTEMPORARY SOUTHEAST ASIA ISLAMIC STUDIES AND ISLAMIC EDUCATION Editors KAMARUZZAMAN BUSTAMAM-AHMAD PATRICK JORY YAYASAN ILMUWAN iii Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-In-Publication Data Islamic studies and Islamic education in contemporary Southeast Asia / editors: Kamaruzzaman Bustamam-Ahmad, Patrick Jory ISBN 978-983-44372-3-7 (pbk.) 1. Islamic religious education--Southeast Asia. 2. Islam--Education--Southeast Asia. I. Kamaruzzaman Bustamam-Ahmad. II. Jory, Patrick. 297.77 First Printed 2011 © 2011 Kamaruzzaman Bustamam-Ahmad & Patrick Jory Publisher: Yayasan Ilmuwan D-0-3A, Setiawangsa Business Suites, Taman Setiawangsa, 54200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – for example, electronic, photocopy, recording – without prior written permission of the publisher. The only exception is brief quotations in printed review. The opinions expressed in this publication is the personal views of the authors, and do not necessary reflect the opinion of the publisher. Layout and cover design: Font: Font size: Printer: Hafizuldin bin Satar Goudy Old Style 11 pt Gemilang Press Sdn Bhd iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS T his book grew out of a three-day workshop jointly held by the Regional Studies Program, Walailak University, and the Department...
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