...the above bodies to provide financial services to the rural dwellers to enhance development. * Credit risk: This refers to the degree to which it is likely that a borrower or debtor may not repay a loan or debt. It also means a particular borrower or debtor perceived by a lender or creditor as being particularly not likely to repay a debt. (Microsoft Encarta 2007). | | | INTRODUCTION Poverty is one of the problems faced by the people living in the rural areas and this largely affects their lifestyles both socially and economically. Along with poverty, many other social problems or issues can be pointed out including unemployment, lack of education, lack of proper governance and over population. These problems are associated with poverty and most of the time regarded as causes or effects. In government’s bid to eradicate poverty from the rural areas, it adopted strategies and one of such strategies is microfinance. Microfinance involves the application of innovative methodologies that make financial services available to relatively poor households and microenterprises. Microfinance can also be termed as the practice of providing financial services including micro credit, micro savings and micro insurance to poverty stricken or poor individuals, such that they are assisted to collect large sums of money in order to expand their choices and help them reduce the risk faced by them in their societies. HISTORY OF MICROFINANCE Microfinance activities date as far back as in...
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...CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 Introduction This chapter reviews literature related to this study. This was done with the expectation that relevant information would be obtained to help shape and enrich the study, knowledge of what has been done on this topic is important in helping to clarify issues. The following topics were reviewed for the study; definition of loan, definition of SME, general principles of lending, loan monitoring and control, access to credit as well as repayment performance: theory and practice. 2.1 Definition of loan A loan is a type of debt like all debt instruments, a loan entrails the redistribution of financial assets over time, between the lender and the borrower. The borrower initially receives an amount of money from the lender which they pay back, using but not always in regular installment. Types of loans There are many different types of loans you can take out. When you are looking to borrow money, it’s important that you know your options. i. Open-ended loans: they are loans that you can borrow over and over again. Credit cards and lines of credit are the most common types of open-ended loans. With both of these loans, you have a credit limit that you can purchase against. Each time you make a purchase, your available credit decreases. As you make payments, your available increases allowing you to use the same credit over and over. ii. Closed-ended loans: this cannot be borrowed once they have been repaid. As you make payments on...
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...Prospects and Problems of Islamic Banking from Bank’s Perspective: A Study of Bangladesh Dr. Muhammad Z Mamun 1 This paper focuses on the prospect and growth potentials of Islamic banks in Bangladesh as perceived by Islamic and conventional bankers. The study noted that there is a high demand for interest-free banking services from a segment of people in Bangladesh who have a strong desire to abide by the rules and principals set by Shariah. Along with religious requirement, economic exigencies provide a new outlook to the role of banking in promoting investment/ productive activities, influencing distribution of income and adding stability to the economy. The Islamic banking sector is, however, criticized on several grounds by the Conventional bankers. The banks are believed not to apply the rules of Shariah completely. Islamic banks are said to include interest in their dealings to compete effectively with the Conventional banks. Moreover, conventional banks offering Islamic banking as a parallel service are thought to do so only to add to their profitability, by attracting people who value the Shariah based system by enjoying the advantages of the special treatments from the Central bank. According to the survey, suitable and supportive legal framework would facilitate better growth of this sector. Moreover, the lack of an inter-bank money market and sufficient supportive and link institutions in the sector, act as impediments to growth of Islamic banking. Also, banks perceive the...
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...LONDON SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND FINANCE CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT OF NON-BANKING FINANCIAL INSTITTUTION IN GHANA (A CASE STUDY OF TF FINANCIAL SERVICES) BY STEPHEN KWADWO NTIRI A Thesis Submitted to the London School of Business and Finance in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the MBA Degree in Financial Services MARCH 2010 DECLARATION I Stephen Kwadwo Ntiri hereby declare that except for references to other people’s work, which have duly been acknowledged, the work presented here was carried out by me, MBA student of Financial Servies at the London School of Business and Finance (LSBF), under the supervision of Randolph Metz-Johnson. I also declare that this work has never been submitted partially or wholly to any other institution for the award of a certificate. …………………………………………… ……………... Stephen Kwadwo Ntiri Date (Student) ………………………………………… …………… Randolph Metz-Johnson Date (Supervisor) Dedication This research project is dedicated to Almighty God for His abundant blessings and protection given me throughout this study, and also to my family for the support I received from them. Acknowledgement I am most grateful to Almighty God who through His infinite mercy and love guided me throughout the duration of the programme. I wish to acknowledge the help and encouragement I got from the entire staff of TF Financial Services, especially Mr. Benjamin Turkson, which has enabled me to complete this work. I also want to thank my wife, Esther Yamoaba...
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...ASSESSING THE CHALLENGES OF TAX REVENEUE MOBILISATION IN GHANA: A CASE OF SUNYANI MUNICIPALITY. By EGYIN, KODWO BOAKYE (PG 2043808) A Thesis submitted to the Institute Of Distance Learning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of COMMONWEALTH EXECUTIVE MASTERS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION JUNE, 2011 1 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work towards the CEMBA and that, to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published by another person nor material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree of the University, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text. Kodwo Boakye Egyin Student Name ................................... Signature .............................. Date Certified by: Mr. Jones Lewis Arthur Supervisor ................................... Signature .............................. Date Certified by: Professor Isaac Dontwi Dean ................................... Signature .............................. Date 2 DEDICATION I dedicate this work first to the Almighty God who has brought me this far, to my father, Kwamina Akwaa Egyin, who mentored me through my education, my loving wife, Yvonne, my sweet kids, Papa Akwaa, Araba and Kurankwesi who stayed by my side all along. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am most grateful to the Almighty God for His protection throughout the course and seeing to a successful end. My special...
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...FIGURE 1.1 FIGURE 1.2 FIGURE 1.3 FIGURE B1.1.1 FIGURE 1.4 FIGURE 1.5 FIGURE 1.6 FIGURE 1.7 FIGURE B1.3.1 FIGURE B1.3.2 FIGURE 1.8 FIGURE 1.9 FIGURE 1.10 FIGURE 1.11 FIGURE 1.12 FIGURE 1.13 FIGURE B1.4.1 FIGURE B1.4.2 FIGURE B1.8.1 FIGURE B1.8.2 FIGURE 1.14 FIGURE 1.15 FIGURE 1.16 FIGURE 1.17 FIGURE 1.18 FIGURE 1.19 FIGURE 1.20 FIGURE 1.21 FIGURE 1.22 FIGURE 1.23 FIGURE 1.24 FIGURE 1.25 FIGURE B1.9.1 Despite some Q1 weakening, business sentiment in Europe and the US signals further expansion Economic activity is strengthening from very weak levels in Europe Inflation and unemployment trends are on divergent paths across major economies Net capital flows and net financial exposures (width of arrows proportional to amounts in billions of U.S. dollars) Developing country activity is strengthening but at a modest pace Manufacturing surveys are pointing to continued expansion in East Asia and South Asia Output gaps remain small in most developing regions Capital flows have recovered strongly after a steep fall in February Currency depreciations were more modest during the winter turmoil among countries that reduced external imbalances Distribution of changes in developing country bilateral exchange rates with the US$ Most developing country equity markets have fully recouped losses since mid-2013 Borrowing costs have fallen since the start of the year for developing countries Metal prices have extended their falls while food prices have turned up Commodity exporters have suffered...
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...U N I T E D N AT I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2013 GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS: INVESTMENT AND TRADE FOR DEVELOPMENT New York and Geneva, 2013 ii World Investment Report 2013: Global Value Chains: Investment and Trade for Development NOTE The Division on Investment and Enterprise of UNCTAD is a global centre of excellence, dealing with issues related to investment and enterprise development in the United Nations System. It builds on four decades of experience and international expertise in research and policy analysis, intergovernmental consensusbuilding, and provides technical assistance to over 150 countries. The terms country/economy as used in this Report also refer, as appropriate, to territories or areas; the designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. In addition, the designations of country groups are intended solely for statistical or analytical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage of development reached by a particular country or area in the development process. The major country groupings used in this Report follow the classification of the United Nations Statistical Office. These are:...
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...U N I T E D N AT I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2013 GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS: INVESTMENT AND TRADE FOR DEVELOPMENT New York and Geneva, 2013 ii World Investment Report 2013: Global Value Chains: Investment and Trade for Development NOTE The Division on Investment and Enterprise of UNCTAD is a global centre of excellence, dealing with issues related to investment and enterprise development in the United Nations System. It builds on four decades of experience and international expertise in research and policy analysis, intergovernmental consensusbuilding, and provides technical assistance to over 150 countries. The terms country/economy as used in this Report also refer, as appropriate, to territories or areas; the designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. In addition, the designations of country groups are intended solely for statistical or analytical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage of development reached by a particular country or area in the development process. The major country groupings used in this Report follow the classification of the United Nations Statistical Office. These are:...
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...ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Y U K O A O YA M A J A M E S T. M U R P H Y SUSAN HANSON KEY CONCEPTS IN key concepts in economic geography The Key Concepts in Human Geography series is intended to provide a set of companion texts for the core fields of the discipline. To date, students and academics have been relatively poorly served with regards to detailed discussions of the key concepts that geographers use to think about and understand the world. Dictionary entries are usually terse and restricted in their depth of explanation. Student textbooks tend to provide broad overviews of particular topics or the philosophy of Human Geography, but rarely provide a detailed overview of particular concepts, their premises, development over time and empirical use. Research monographs most often focus on particular issues and a limited number of concepts at a very advanced level, so do not offer an expansive and accessible overview of the variety of concepts in use within a subdiscipline. The Key Concepts in Human Geography series seeks to fill this gap, providing detailed description and discussion of the concepts that are at the heart of theoretical and empirical research in contemporary Human Geography. Each book consists of an introductory chapter that outlines the major conceptual developments over time along with approximately twenty-five entries on the core concepts that constitute the theoretical toolkit of geographers working within a specific subdiscipline. Each entry provides...
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...23 Things They Don’t Tell You about Capitalism HA-JOON CHANG Department of Economics, Cambridge University 23 Things They Don’t Tell You about Capitalism HA-JOON CHANG ALLEN LANE an imprint of PENGUIN BOOKS Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4P 2Y3 (a division of Pearson Canada Inc.) Penguin Ireland, 25 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Group (Australia), 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Dehli – 110 017, India Penguin Group (NZ), 67 Apollo Drive, North Shore 0632, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England www.penguin.com First published 2010 Copyright © Ha-Joon Chang, 2010 The moral right of the author has been asserted All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording...
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...done so in the past, and those who source handmade products from other destinations; • Interviews with market experts, such as product development consultants, designers, enterprise development consultants, and marketing specialists who work with handicraft producers in developing countries; • Discussions with market experts and USAID at a roundtable conducted in Washington, D.C., on April 12, 2006; and • Existing literature on the handicraft market and home accessory industry. This study provides an overview and analysis of the global market for handicrafts and the key trends that affect producers in developing countries, with the ultimate objective of offering practical recommendations for the Haitian handicraft sector. This paper represents...
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...12:06 Page 1 WOMEN, GENDER AND WORK People are not defined solely by their work, nor is it possible to ignore the effects of factors outside the workplace on a person's status at work. To seek equality at work without seeking equality in the larger society – and at home – is illusory.Thus an examination of the issues surrounding women, gender and work must be holistic. That means considering the role of productive work in life as a whole and the distribution of unpaid work as well as the myriad questions relating to employment. This important anthology brings together the thinking of leading philosophers, economists and lawyers on this complex subject. Selected recent articles from the multidisciplinary International Labour Review are assembled for the first time to illuminate questions such as how we should define equality, what equal opportunity means and what statistics tell us about differences between men and women at work, how the family confronts globalization and what is the role of law in achieving equality. There is an examination of policy – to deal with sexual harassment and wage inequality, for example, as well as part-time work, the glass ceiling, social security, and much more. A major reference on the best of current research and analysis on gender roles and work. Martha Fetherolf Loutfi has been Editor-in-Chief of the International Labour Review, a Senior Economist for the Brandt Commission and in the ILO’s Employment and Development...
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...MANAGING CULTURAL DIFFERENCES SIXTHEDITION MANAGING CULTURAL DIFFERENCES SERIES Managing Cultural Differences: Global Leadership Strategies for the 21 st Century, Sixth Edition Philip R. Harris, Ph.D., Robert T. Moran, Ph.D., Sarah V. Moran, M.A. Managing Cultural Diversity in Technical Professions Lionel Laroche, Ph.D Uniting North American Business—NAFTA Best Practices Jeffrey D. Abbot and Robert T. Moran, Ph.D. Eurodiversity: A Business Guide to Managing Differences George Simons, D.M. Global Strategic Planning: Cultural Perspectives for Profit and Non-Profit Organizations Marios I. Katsioulodes Ph.D. Competing Globally: Mastering Cross-Cultural Management and Negotiations Farid Elashmawi, Ph.D. Succeeding in Business in Eastern and Central Europe—A Guide to Cultures, Markets, and Practices Woodrow H. Sears, Ed.D. and Audrone Tamulionyte-Lentz, M.S. Intercultural Services: A Worldwide Buyer’s Guide and Sourcebook Gary M. Wederspahn, M.A. SIXTH EDITION MANAGING CULTURAL DIFFERENCES GLOBAL LEADERSHIP STRATEGIES ST FOR THE 21 CENTURY 25TH ANNIVERSARY EDITION PHILIP R. HARRIS, PH.D. ROBERT T. MORAN, PH.D. SARAH V. MORAN, M.A. JUDITH SOCCORSY Editorial Coordinator Elsevier Butterworth–Heinemann 200 Wheeler Road, Burlington, MA 01803, USA Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK Copyright © 2004, Philip R. Harris, Robert T. Moran, Sarah V. Moran. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a...
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