...CHAP TER Rhetorical Modes 1. NARRATION L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S 10 1. Identify the purpose and structure of narrative writing. 2. Recognize how to write a narrative essay. Rhetorical modes simply mean the ways in which we can effectively communicate through language. This chapter covers nine common rhetorical modes. As you read about these nine modes, keep in mind that the rhetorical mode a writer chooses depends on his or her purpose for writing. Sometimes writers incorporate a variety of modes in one essay. In covering the nine rhetorical modes, this chapter also emphasizes these as a set of tools that will allow you greater flexibility and effectiveness in communicating with your audience and expressing your ideas. rhetorical modes The ways in which we effectively communicate through language. 1.1 The Purpose of Narrative Writing Narration means the art of storytelling, and the purpose of narrative writing is to tell stories. Any time you tell a story to a friend or family member about an event or incident in your day, you engage in a form of narration. In addition, a narrative can be factual or fictional. A factual story is one that is based on, and tries to be faithful to, actual events as they unfolded in real life. A fictional story is a made-up, or imagined, story; the writer of a fictional story can create characters and events as he or she sees fit. However, the big distinction between factual and fictional narratives is based on a writer’s purpose...
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...proud owner of all the books in hardback, audio books and all the movies, some would say I’m a bit of a Harry Potter nerd. For me, Harry Potter has become an everyday part of my world. In this review of rhetoric, three main components will be examined. The will be the examination of identities. Secondly, an examination of the commodity culture in the Potter books. Lastly, Christian undertones will be looked at. Identity Harry spent 11 years of his life not knowing who he was or where he belonged. He thought he belonged to his horrible Uncle Vernon and Aunt Petunia. Todd A. Czubek and Janey Greenwald have written an article that explains the parallels between Harry Potter and the Deaf world. Using a “deaf lens” we can gain insight into social arrangements in the same way that fields like Women’s Studies and Black Studies have brought gender and race issues to a level of awareness we never imagined years ago. (Czubeck et al. 442) A related development in the field of literature is the application of a different “lens” to tell well-know stories. (Czubeck et al. 442) The first example Czubek and Greenwald use is how Harry mistreated and misunderstood by...
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...The Language of Advertising: Analysis of English and Lithuanian Advertising Texts Jurgita Vaičenonienė Annotation. The spread of globalization and marketing during the last century triggered the proliferation of advertising genres. The goal of advertisements is to persuade consumers to act or think in a textually determined way in order to boost sales of particular commodities and services. In order to capture attention, convey the message and persuade the consumer, advertising texts use a range of manipulative language devices. Moreover, different cultures may have different expectations with regard to stylistic choices, language use and other preferences in the same genre. Hence the aim of the article is to analyze the language of advertising in English and Lithuanian in order to estimate the specificities of the advertising genre in the two different cultural and linguistic systems. The approach employed in the study draws on the ideas of the functionalist interpretation of text typology and source text analysis as proposed by Nord (1997) and Reiss (2000). The functionalist approach provides an in-depth understanding of the source and target text conventions and functions which are prerequisites for successful intercultural communication and translation. The means to accomplish the task of the present article is the analysis of a comparable corpus of data consisting of 100 English and 100 Lithuanian advertising texts. For the analysis, only the textual part of advertisements...
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...company, the product of his creative genius, had been forced to submit to public accountability. It had a pressing need to raise preferred equity finance for a major expansion during a period of market uncertainty, war, and reported losses. This paper conducts a “close reading” of the “Letter to Stockholders” in Walt Disney Productions’ 1940 annual report, the first such letter signed by Walt Disney. The letter’s rhetorical features, including metaphor and ideology, are examined in the context of the times. What is revealed is an accountability document skillfully crafted with the exigencies faced by Disney’s company firmly in mind. The letter offers suggestive insight to the world as Disney made sense of it. The paper contributes to understanding the use of rhetoric by top management in activities related to aspects of financial accountability and reporting. It also helps to understand better a significant public persona of the 20th century, Walt Disnev. Acknowledgment The authors wish to acknowledge the helpful comments of the reviewers. SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES Analysis of annual reports, including letters by CEOs to stockholders, has a long history in management and accounting literatures. Discourse by CEOs is important not only because of the power that corporate leaders wield in their own organizations, but also because of their political and cultural influence generally. Since such discourse may be viewed as a form of sense making [Weick, 1995], its study also has value because...
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...A Preface of Quotations Whoever desires for his writings or himself, what none can reasonably condemn,the favor of mankind, must add grace to strength, and make his thoughts agreeable as well as useful. Many complain of neglect who never tried to attract regard. It cannot be expected that the patrons of science or virtue should be solicitous to discover excellencies which they who possess them shade and disguise. Few have abilities so much needed by the rest of the world as to be caressed on their own terms; and he that will not condescend to recommend himself by external embellishments must submit to the fate of just sentiments meanly expressed, and be ridiculed and forgotten before he is understood. --Samuel Johnson Men must be taught as if you taught them not; And things unknown propos'd as things forgot. --Alexander Pope Style in painting is the same as in writing, a power over materials, whether words or colors, by which conceptions or sentiments are conveyed. --Sir Joshua Reynolds Whereas, if after some preparatory grounds of speech by their certain forms got into memory, they were led to the praxis thereof in some chosen short book lessoned thoroughly to them, they might then forthwith proceed to learn the substance of good things, and arts in due order, which would bring the whole language quickly into their power. --John Milton Introduction Good writing depends upon more than making a collection of statements worthy of belief, because writing is intended to...
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...Copyright © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-07-180360-1 MHID: 0-07-180360-2 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-180359-5, MHID: 0-07180359-9. E-book conversion by Codemantra Version 1.0 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill Education eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions or for use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative please visit the Contact Us page at www.mhprofessional.com. Trademarks: McGraw-Hill Education, the McGraw-Hill Education logo, 5 Steps to a 5 and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of McGraw-Hill Education and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property...
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...an Acquisitive Reorganization A570_Learning Objectives_Class #1 Chapter 1 1. While I do not want you to memorize the lists contained in Chapter 1, I think that they provide a useful model for thinking about M&A. Bruner opines that M&A outcomes (see #2) are driven by “structure” and “conduct”, but that structure and conduct also interact with each other. a. In the case of “structure”, Bruner is referring to “what exists.” He is thinking of exactly the kinds of issues one contemplates when looking at a “SWOT” analysis. As you will recall, the “SW” side of the analysis deals with issues that are INTERNAL to the company (its resources—both capital and labor, and what it is capable—and incapable—of doing) while the OT side of the analysis deals with issues that are EXTERNAL to the company (changes in the marketplace, new technologies, competitors that could invade the company’s turf and competitors whose turf the company can invade). The “structure” part of the equation is “deterministic”; in other words, it is based on “causality.” b. In the case of “conduct”, the authors are referring to the behavior of the participants....
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...7 ANALYZING THE AUTHOR’S PURPOSE AND TECHNIQUE he writer’s overall purpose determines the techniques he or she uses. The writer’s reason for writing a particular article or book may be manipulative, as in propaganda or advertising, or may be more straightforward, as in informative writing. In either case, understanding the writer’s underlying purpose will help you interpret the context of the writing. It will also help you see why writers make the decisions they do—from the largest decisions about what information to present to the smallest details of what words to use. The chapter concludes with instructions on how to write an analysis of purpose and technique. This kind of rhetorical analysis will provide the perspective required to keep you from being pushed by words in directions you don’t want to go. T 103 104 Part 1 Writing About Reading The Writer's Purpose Insofar as people know what they are doing, they plan their actions to achieve their purposes. Someone who selects the purpose of being rich will design and carry out a set of actions, legal or illegal, to gain the desired wealth. A person who wants to gain great wisdom will design an entirely different life course. Writers, whether they want most to be wealthy or wise, have specific purposes they hope to achieve by any piece of work. If they are skilled writers—that is, in control of what they write—they design each aspect of what they are writing to achieve their purpose. Being aware of the writer's...
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...What is an Essay? A discursive essay A discursive essay is a piece of formal writing which discusses a particular issue, situation or problem. There are three main types of discursive essays. For and against essays present both sides of an issue, discussing points in favour of a particular topic as well as those against, or the advantages and disadvantages of a particular question. Each point should be supported by justifications, examples, and/or reasons. The writer's own opinion should be presented only in the final paragraph ii Opinion essays present the writers personal opinion concerning the topic, clearly stated and supported by reasons and/or examples. The opposing viewpoint and reason should be included in a separate paragraph before the dosing one, together with an argument that shows it is an unconvincing viewpoint. The writer's opinion should be included in the introduction, and summarized/restated in the conclusion. iii Essays suggesting solutions to problems, in which the problem(s) associated with a particular issue or situation are analysed and possible solutions are put for-ward, together with any expected results/consequences. The writer's opinion may be mentioned, directly or indirectly, in the introduction and/or conclusion. A good discursive essay should consist of: a) an introductory paragraph in which you clearly state the topic to be discussed; b) a main body, in which points are clearly stated in separate paragraphs and exemplified or justified: and c)...
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...from pub-c st. |it is the most conservative. It |(oratory, speeches, essays, articles)| |f-s.Scientific prose. |includes informative materials: |preserves cast-iron forms of |the style is a perfect ex. Of | |T. are w-ds denoting various |news in brief, headlines, ads, |structuring& uses syntactical |historical changeability of stylistic| |scientifical & techn. Objects, |additional articles. But not |constr-s words known as archaic & |differentiation of discourses. In | |phenomena & processes. They are |everything published in the paper |not observed any more else. |Greece it was practiced in oral form | |found in techn. Texts where they |can be included in N.S. we mean |Addressing documents and official |which was named P. in accordance with| |are indespensible means of |publicist essays, feature |letters, signing them, expressing the|the name of its corresponding genre. | |expressing ideas. They directly |articles, scient. Reviews are not |reasons and considerations leading to|PS is famouse for its explicit | |refer to the o-t they mean. They |N.S. to attract the readers |the subject of the doc-t – all this |pragmatic function of persuasion | |are emotionally neutral. They are: |attention special means are used |is strictly regulated both lexically |directed at influencing the reader & | |1- monosemantic; 2-m-ng doesn’t |by british &...
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...Е. Є. Мінцис О. В. Карбашевська Ю. Б. Мінцис A COMMONSENSE GUIDE TO ANALYTICAL READING AND TEXT INTERPRETATION МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ ПРИКАРПАТСЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ ІМЕНІ ВАСИЛЯ СТЕФАНИКА Е. Є. Мінцис О. В. Карбашевська Ю. Б. Мінцис A COMMONSENSE GUIDE TO ANALYTICAL READING AND TEXT INTERPRETATION Навчально-методичний посібник із аналітичного читання та інтерпретації тексту для студентів третього курсу англійського відділення стаціонарної та заочної форми навчання Івано-Франківськ 2009 УДК ББК 81.2 Англ.- М- 62 К- 21 Мінцис Е. Є., Карбашевська О. В., Мінцис Ю. Б. A Commonsense Guide to Analytical Reading and Text Interpretation. Навчально-методичний посібник із аналітичного читання та інтерпретації тексту. – Івано-Франківськ, 2009. – с. Друкується за ухвалою Вченої ради факультету іноземних мов Прикарпатського національного університету Імені Василя Стефаника (протокол № 9 від 26 червня 2008 року) Укладачі: Мінцис Е. Є., старший викладач кафедри англійської філології факультету іноземних мов Прикарпатського національного університету імені Василя Стефаника Карбашевська О.В., аспірант кафедри світової літератури Прикарпатського національного університету імені Василя Стефаника Мінцис Ю. Б., аспірант кафедри англійської філології факультету іноземних мов Прикарпатського національного університету...
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...emeraldinsight.com/0953-4814.htm Leadership style and entrepreneurial change The Centurion operation at Philips Electronics Luchien Karsten University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Leadership style 73 Sjoerd Keulen University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Ronald Kroeze Free University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Rik Peters University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Abstract Purpose – This paper aims to look at the role of the top and middle management of the Philips organization during the transition from one type of organizational change to another in the 1990s and the role the history of the organisation played in this process. Design/methodology/approach – The paper analysis is based on historical records, literature and interviews with former Philips top managers. Findings – The paper shows that Philips’ leaders used different styles of leadership to create a deliberate atmosphere and willingness to change. The final emergent transformation, however, could only sufficiently materialise while it rejuvenated existing management concepts like Quality Management. The success was partly based on the fact that these concepts played a historical role in the Philips organisation. Originality/value – The paper adds the historical style approach to leadership research and pays attention to the important role of the organization’s history during processes of organizational change. Keywords Change management, Business history...
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...available at www.emeraldinsight.com/0953-4814.htm Leadership style and entrepreneurial change The Centurion operation at Philips Electronics Leadership style 73 Luchien Karsten University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Sjoerd Keulen University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Ronald Kroeze Free University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Rik Peters University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Abstract Purpose – This paper aims to look at the role of the top and middle management of the Philips organization during the transition from one type of organizational change to another in the 1990s and the role the history of the organisation played in this process. Design/methodology/approach – The paper analysis is based on historical records, literature and interviews with former Philips top managers. Findings – The paper shows that Philips’ leaders used different styles of leadership to create a deliberate atmosphere and willingness to change. The final emergent transformation, however, could only sufficiently materialise while it rejuvenated existing management concepts like Quality Management. The success was partly based on the fact that these concepts played a historical role in the Philips organisation. Originality/value – The paper adds the historical style approach to leadership research and pays attention to the important role of the organization’s history during processes of organizational change. Keywords Change management, Business history...
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...Ben Jonson (1572–1637). The Alchemist. The Harvard Classics. 1909–14. | | | | |Introductory Note | | | | | |BEN JONSON was born of poor parents at Westminster in 1573. Through the influence of Camden, the antiquary, he got a good | 1| |education at Westminster School; but he does not seem to have gone to a University, though later both Oxford and Cambridge gave | | |him degrees. In his youth he practised for a time his stepfather’s trade of bricklaying, and he served as a soldier in Flanders. | | | It was probably about 1595 that he began to write for the stage, and within a few years he was recognized as a distinguished | 2| |playwright. His comedy of “Every Man in His Humour” was not only a great immediate success, but founded a school of satirical | | |drama in England. “Sejanus” and “Catiline” were less popular, but are impressive pictures of Roman life, less interesting but more| | |accurate than the Roman plays of Shakespeare. ...
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...Word………………………………………………………………………….14 The Role of the Context in the Actualization of Meaning…………………………………………………….14 Stylistic Differentiation of the Vocabulary…………………………………………………………………..16 Literary Stratum of Words. Colloquial Words…..…………………………………………………………..16 Lexical Stylistic Devices…………………………………………………………………………………….23 Metaphor. Metonymy. Synecdoche. Play on Words. Irony. Epithet…………………………………………23 Hyperbole. Understatement. Oxymoron. ……………………………………………………………………23 CHAPTER III. SYNTACTICAL LEVEL..................................…………………………………………38 Main Characteristics of the Sentence. Syntactical SDs. Sentence Length…………………………………..38 One-Word Sentences. Sentence Structure. Punctuation. Arrangement of Sentence Members. Rhetorical Question. Types of Repetition. Parallel Constructions. Chiasmus. Inversion. Suspense, Detachment. Completeness of Sentence Structure. Ellipsis. One-Member Sentences. Apokoinu Constructions. Break. Types of...
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