...Marlene Martinez Anthropology 101 May 17, 2014 Zoo Assignment Monkeys and humans have been compared for years, we have all heard the expression “Monkey see, Monkey do”. Analyzing individual primates at the Santa Ana Zoo was quite an experience because when I use to hear monkeys I use to only picture one certain appearance and that was a brown monkey with a light brown face, and a long tail. Moneys are not just monkeys, humans aren’t just humans, and apes aren’t just apes they are all primates which is a mammal that has certain characteristics such as: flexible fingers and toes, opposable thumbs, flatter face than other mammals, have eyes that face forward and spaced close together, large and complex cerebrum, and they are also social animals. After analyzing the Brown Capuchin, White Faced Saki, Brown-Headed Spider Monkey, and Silver Langur it was obvious that all primates are completely different. Although their appearances are widely different there is one thing they have in common they all communicate through vocalizations and just calls to transmit messages to one another. I never took into consideration how much the behaviors of each monkeys vary but after analyzing the behavior for 20 minutes for each primate it was very interesting. Especially when it came to vocalizations because I'm so use to the typical in a way stereo type that society makes monkeys sound like. The first primate that I analyzed was the Brown Capuchin which is also known as the Cebus C.Apella. ...
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...experiences a person goes through. Some changes are seen as internal while others are seen as external. For instance, in Monkey by Wu Cheng-en and Candide by Francois-Marie Arouet De Voltaire, both authors are using their characters to portray self-discovery by having them go through a series of obstacles. As a result the characters changed their attitude toward life through the many obstacles that they had to undergo. Self-discovery is an essential part of a person’s life which can be seen internally or externally through a person’s characteristics and actions. The novel Candide is centered around the character of Candide who sets out on a journey to self-discovery in which he has “his eyes opened up to the true ways of the world” (www.associatedcontent.com). However, in this novel changes in Candide’s character can only be seen externally. Even though his opinions of the world change, he seems to hold on to the same essence throughout the entire story. At the beginning of the novel we see that Candide is very naïve and we also see that he only believes whatever he hears. Candide believes everything that Pangloss teaches him. Candide’s ignorance is shown when he sits with the Bulgars and says “You are quite right, it is just as Dr. Pangloss always told me, and I see clearly that everything is for the best” (Voltaire, 522). In the beginning we can see that Candide is living a pretty normal life however, things quickly change for Candide. Since he only believes...
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...Capuchin monkeys are very small primates weighing in from six to twelve pounds on average, but live up to forty-five years in age. Geographically found in South America, Capuchin monkeys range in the countries of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, Suriname, Guiana, and Venezuela. Capuchin monkeys tend to live in groups throughout their lives and are happier that way compared to being alone, during which Capuchin monkeys tend to feel lonely and hardship (Fragaszy 2005, 5-7). Being quadrennial, the Capuchin monkey’s prehensile tail is not used often and is curved down behind the body. Capuchins show sexual dimorphism through their dentition; males have larger canines than females, but also through their mass; male capuchins being heavier than female capuchin monkeys (Gron 2009). Capuchin monkeys tend to thrive in every type of forest in the neotropics but are very adaptable to different environments and ecologies. Being able to adapt to different environments, capuchin monkeys also are able to feed on different varieties of foods and have the behavior of using their hands and mouths to...
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...An unavoidable classic human emotion is Fear. This is the reason why people run away when they see a snake or scream when they are being attacked by a thief. Even though human beings have found ways to cope with their fears, others would feel uncountable anxiety situations that others will see as normal, like playing a particular sports or meeting new people. Steven E. Shelton and his colleague at the University of Wisconsin-Madison are trying to identify the processes in the brain that regulate fear and its associated behaviors. The only problem is that obtaining information in human being is extremely difficult, so the main focus has been towards the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), who goes through the same physiological and psychological developmental stage as human beings. If we can examine the nature and operation of the neural circuits that modulates fear in the rhesus monkey, then we will be able to pinpoint the brain processes that causes anxiety and fear in human beings and counteract it....
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...detail in explaining our human nature using monkeys, an animal that is not human. Answers born from a paradox. Testing on the monkeys to see what their level of love was held to, as it turns out, not much. They could attach emotionally to just about anything, but the lack of connection with something living limited their social level. Monkeys still needed to be taught within their instincts and they need to be comfortable with living connections. Love is a very difficult subject because it is not concrete. To test something you cannot see you have to come at it from every angle to try and build something you metaphorically can see, so with love comes cruelty. To start with his early conceptions that the monkeys needed something soft to bond with was true but they were not socially acceptable, which is understandable. As a baby, it is common to latch onto something that is there, i.e. a blanket but that blanket cannot raise us. Even with something else providing nutrients, a blanket cannot teach up what is acceptable and how to go about living a daily life. I assumed that would be common sense, but...
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...The Monkey King and Jin are seen as Others to the dominant culture around them and the psychological oppressions that they face are due to the world's perceptions of them, while Danny's psychological oppressions form from hearing the judgments made by the dominant culture towards Chin-Kee. Due to the outward appearance of the Monkey King and Jin, the communities around them believe them to be an Other; this is internalized and turned into psychological oppression. The first section of the story displays the Monkey King about to enter the palace, but he is spoken to harshly by a guard. He says “ Look. You may be a king- you may even be a deity- but you are still a monkey,” (Yang, 15, panel 2). The Monkey King listens to the emphasized words...
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...seen by visitors. Even though the weather wasn’t the best for zoo visiting, I still found this experience very interesting. I observed six species including Patas monkeys, Orangutan, Black and white colobus monkeys, Red ruffed lemurs, Western lowland gorillas, and human from six different locomotor patterns and found out the relationship between their locomotor patterns and anatomy. Discussion/Data Collection Patas monkeys, also called red guenons, are terrestrial quadruped monkeys in the family Cercopithecidae and the only species found in the genus Erythrocebus. (Refer to Table 2.1.) Patas monkeys are primarily ground-dwelling primates found in African open bush and grass savanna, they have a narrow thorax, a reduced tail, restricted shoulder joints, shortened digits and lengthened tarsal and metatarsal like humans, robust radius and their ulna has a large insertion point of triceps brachii which provides them a powerful forearm extensor and allows them for terrestrial running with only fingers and toes making contact with the ground, they are fast runners. They can run 56 km per hour, and probably spend more of its life on the ground than any other monkey. Their forelimbs and hindlimbs are long and similar in length (refer to Figure 1.1). They can stand on their hindlimbs and see over grass. Patas monkeys are perfectly adapted to the savanna’s mix of grass and trees. They pluck much of their food from acacia trees- the leaves, seeds, flowers, fruit and even the gum...
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...Monkeys are mammals, very similar to humans, evolution theories saying that humans evolved from these animals. Monkeys live in groups, this way they are stronger and able to fight against their enemies. These cute and intelligent animals were endangered and still are, as they are used in laboratories for tests and experiments, but the worst part is that many of them die after that. It is true that this meant important discoveries for us, but what about these creatures? Monkeys are also used at circus where they are trained and participate in shows where people come to watch these creatures doing a lot of funny things. Although monkeys are adored by so many people, perhaps the cutest are monkeys babies, which are so nice and funny. Both adults and children love them. The sad part is that there are not so many monkeys in the wild, and also few in captivity, at the zoo. It is an opportunity for us to see them, but it would be better if we could do something to know they are safe and we are not destroying their habitat anymore. This happens very often as we deforest large areas to built factories, roads or even houses. The consequences are devastating for monkeys as they do not have any food, no shelter to hide from enemies and to raise their babies. The same thing happens with many other animals, so perhaps teaching our children to protect animals and to fight against irrational deforesting, we will not be the last ones to watch monkeys in the zoo. There are many countries...
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...some young animals are born they seek proximity to their mother, they do this as a form of security, mainly to protect themselves from predators. In doing so, they are more likely to reach adulthood, and become able to pass their genes onto the next generation. This theory is obviously influenced from Darwin’s theory of evolution in ‘survival of the fittest’, only the most well adapted animals will continue their genetic line. Although Darwin’s theory is the most widely accepted, Bowlby’s ideas of attachment were wildly refuted, and see as too farfetched. The function of attachment being primarily for evolutionary purposes can be criticised mainly for how there is little way of testing it. In 1959 Harlow conducted an experiment with the aim to find out whether rhesus monkeys would show attachment to an object which provided food, or to an object that provided comfort. A baby rhesus monkey was separated from its mother after birth and kept in confinement with an option between a soft surrogate mother, or one made from wire that simply provided the monkey with food. His findings were that the infant monkey would spend as much time as possible clinging to the soft model, and would only occasionally cross to the wire model for food when it was desperate. This shows that infants do not attach to their mother simply for evolutionary purposes, but for comfort. Furthermore the findings prove that rhesus monkeys prefer comfort over food in terms of survival. Although Harlow’s conclusion...
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...bullies by how they behave, speak, and treat others. Both, Bandar-log and bullies, do not have any rules in their own world. They both do not take everything seriously and they always choose to play around. The Bandar-log and bullies always think they are above everyone else. In my opinion, it is obvious that the Bandar-logs and bullies are alike. In their world, they do not have any rules at all. In Kaa’s Hunting, Bagheera said,referring to the Bandar-logs, "Thou hast been with the Monkey People--the gray apes--the people without a law--the eaters of everything” (Kipling 30-31). Bullies can be truly similar because they have no rules and they can bully anyone they desire to. You see, The Monkey people and bullies are the same because the Bandar-logs would never fight unless it is one hundred to one and bullies would only would torture one kid, but if there are more than one kid the bully would not do anything. Rules do not apply for bullies and the monkey people, at least that is what they think....
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...article, “Howler monkeys may owe their color vision to leaf hue” depicts the effects that color can have on a species survival. The article suggest that the bright colors of the leaves have led to monkeys enhanced color vision. Howler monkeys have developed a taste for the vibrant red leaves. Research suggest that the monkey’s ability to differentiate between the red and green leaves helps them pick the more nutritious leaves. Although primates have acute color vision, many have some form of colorblindness. However, like Humans, Howler Monkeys have trichromatic vision. This trichromatic vision helps them select the more nutritious leaves. Additionally, when insects become unavailable Howler Monkeys supplement their diets with leaves from...
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...This is a story about a very unusual boy, and an even more unusual monkey. The boy was out of the ordinary as boys go, because he didn’t like chocolate. No, not at all. Not even one little bit. And I must say, I’ve never met a boy like that. Not in my entire life. And the monkey was unusual because he absolutely adored chocolate – this particular monkey went absolutely bananas for it – and as you may guess – very few monkeys are mad about chocolate, if only because, they’ve never even tasted it. The boy was called Jim. And the monkey was called Theodore, or Theo for short. One day, Jim’s Aunty Judith took him to the zoo. Jim’s mother had told her that Jim didn’t like chocolate, but she didn’t believe that. “Poor little thing,” she said to herself. “His mum won’t buy him chocolate because she’s too mean. But I’ll buy him a nice lovely bar and give it to him while we are out.” And that’s what she did. Only it was true. Jim really didn’t like chocolate. “Oh thanks Aunty Judith,” he said when she gave it to him. “That’s really kind of you. I’ll just save it for later, if you don’t mind.” But he did like seeing all the animals in the zoo. The prowling bears weren’t at all cuddly – but they were super cool all the same. The giraffes had lovely soft noses. The snakes in the snake house made Jim’s blood run cold – but he liked being scared really – just a bit. And the monkeys – well everyone loves monkeys. They looked silly but intelligent all at the same time. And in particular...
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...“Hey daddy look at us!” says Avery. I look over there and Avery, my youngest, is sitting on Jackson’s, my oldest, lap on a swing. “Jackson and Avery be careful. You guys can still swing together but go a little slower.” “Ok, daddy,” says Jackson. “Love you, daddy,” says Avery. “Love you too.” Now, where is a bench that I can sit on because I am so tired? There is one over there. Now where is my little monkey, Amanda? She is probably on the monkey bars. Yup just as I predicted, she is on the monkey bars. Finally, I can relax on this bench. Owwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww! Where is that noise coming from? Is that one of mine? Ok well, it is not Avery or Jackson. That is good. Now where is Amanda I do not see her on the monkey bars? Oh no, Amanda is on the...
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...Evolutionary perspective: Bowlby John Bowlby (1907-1990) produced this theory on the bases of importance in the maternal care and the key ideas of Ethologist. He thought he can combine these two to come up with a big theory based on evolutionary perspective. He thought that ethology (study animals in their natural habitat) has lot to do and in common with maternal care. He found that some species of birds when first hatched follow the first moving object they see and keep follow it after that. This is called Imprinting. The idea of the theory imposes that the infant would show imprinting to their own mother who would then explain the strong attachment/bond between the infant and caregiver/mother. The principle of this study is that attachment is an innate and adaptive process for both infant and parent meaning. As such, it provides an evolutionary perspective. Attachment behaviour in infants and animals has been made stronger, has been endured and evolved because it helps them survive, as Darwin’s theory of evolution has proposed. The theory consists of different parts and promotes survival of the infants/animals in several ways which are: 1. Safety: By forming an attachment it means that there is a desire to gain and maintain proximity and this ensures safety for the infant. Both infant and the caregiver experiences feelings of anxiety when separated and this creates a proximity-seeking drive for both (have the desire of being too next to this person). 2. Emotional...
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...experiments and explain the results. Mainly this essay will focus on the similarities and differences between the two researchers. Skinner was born in 1904 and worked most of his career at Harvard University and had a great belief that science of behaviour with positive reinforcement could save the world’s problems. On the other hand Harlow was born in 1905 and wanted to show that most infants bond with soft and warm objects that provide comfort or one that provides them with food. Although these experiments show great points, when considering these in real life human situations, things would not necessarily show the same results and there are currently still great debates on non human animal use in experiments. Many people argue that animals do not conduct great research when linking to humans and find that real life situations are changing all the time and things wouldn’t always be the same. How Harlow and Skinner have conducted their research is very informative as they clearly show how experiments can be done to animals to create a response which gives humans an insight on how to improve many behaviours not just in their selves but if they have children or animals. This is another contrast because both Harlow and Skinner wanted their research to be linked with human behaviour however this is not always the case because many people argue that humans and animals are not alike and a human has twice the...
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