...Angeles, California and head to Montgomery, Alabama. I loved going to the south to visit my family especially my cousins. Half way between our destination, we would spend a couple of days at my great-aunt's home in Houston to rest and replenish our treat chest as my grandmother would call it. When we arrived at my aunt’s home in Montgomery, I felt different but did not know why. When we came to visit family members showed up from other towns in Alabama and Georgia to see us. Everyone in my family ran their own business even the women. My Uncle Richard was a registered pharmacist who owned a pharmacy in the Black business district. My Aunt Ethel had her own business she was a tailor and also did upholstery. Uncle Jack and Aunt Francis owned a construction company. Another relative named Romie ran a family owned a grocery store. Little did I know, all these people had a hand in changing American history? Aunt Georgia would serve meals to the church’s and people participating in the Montgomery Bus Boycott. While all the other children played, I found myself staying in the house with the older women. I helped with the cooking and cleaning. I listened one night as my aunts were asking my grandmother who was going to be the one amongst her immediate family to tell the story of our heritage. Each one stated the name of the person they wanted to have the privilege of doing so. My grandmother kept saying I don’t know I will let you all know the next trip. As the...
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...A Lifetime in Black America 1900 Booker T. Washington During Spring Break of 2017, my History class inspired a road trip with my twelve-year-old daughter. We toured great sites such as Rosa Parks Museum, Dr. Kings Floating Grave and both Spelman and Morehouse College. Along the way, we talked about how each visit resonated a profound sense of vision within us. Consequently, I chose six core black Americans figures to express how each individual story helped to shape the United States of America. Beginning in the early 20th century, President Theodore Roosevelt invited Booker T. Washington (a former slave and prominent black leader) to dinner. Washington, who founded the Tuskegee Institute, was one of the most influential intellectuals of the era. Roosevelt, known for his impulsiveness, respected Washington, who also advised President William Howard Taft. Though Booker was not the first African American to advise a...
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...order to get this decision overturned. 6. Why did Rosa Parks rise to prominence within the civil rights movement? [1] During the Civil Rights movement, Rosa Parkes rose to fame as she refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man. She was sitting in the designated black section but was asked to move for a white man. She refused to move, and rightly so as she was sitting where she was supposed to be sitting, and was subsequently arrested. Parkes stood up for her rights as a human being and as a citizen. 7. Rosa Parkes’ actions are directly linked to the later civil rights career of Martin Luther King, how so?...
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...King Jr. met Corretta Scott, an aspiring singer and musician, at New England Conservatory School in Boston. They were married in June of 1953 and had four children, Yolanda, Martin Luther King III, Dexter Scott and Bernice. In 1954, while still working on his dissertation he also became a pastor at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. He finished his Ph.D. and was awarded his degree in 1955. King was only 25 years old when he completed these...
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...a month long trip to India in 1959. He protested for rights in India and even though our interests were different, I still agreed with the way he peacefully protests his opinions. In 1960 I decided to move my family to Atlanta, my hometown. There I joined my father as co-pastor of the Ebenezer Baptist Church. However, this did not stop my contribution to the SCLC and my helpers from playing big roles in many of the biggest civil rights battles of the 1960’s. On April 12th I was arrested for my involvement in the boycott’s, sit-ins, marches to protest segregation, unfairly job exception according to race, and other injustices. Later that year, I worked with a number of civil rights and religious groups to organize the March on Washington for employment and civil freedom. The march was held on April 28 and was attended by some 200,000 to 300,000 participants. After this achievement, I was named “Man of the Year” by TIME magazine and in 1964 I was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. It was a great privilege to be the the youngest to ever be awarded this prize. In August of 1965, Congress passed the Voting Rights Act, which guaranteed the right to vote-first awarded by the 15th amendment-to all African Americans. In 1967, the SCLC and I established an ambitious program known as the Poor People’s Campaign. I did organize this initial march but did not lead the march myself. The protest was from Selma to the state capitol in Montgomery. When the marchers reached Montgomery, they were turned...
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...doctoral studies in systematic theology at Boston University. King was awarded the Doctor of philosophy on June 5, 1955. Achievements of Martin Luther King Jr. The greatest achievement of King was undoubtedly as a leader of the American Civil Rights Movement. He defended the Americans with African descent and fought for their rights. Martin Luther was greatly influenced by Howard Thurman, a civil rights leader, theologian and educator. He was a classmate of Martin Luther's father at Morehouse College. King was also inspired by Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence and believed that resistance to non-violence is the only weapon to fight against inequality and injustice. He visited the birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi in India in 1959. This trip was a turning point in his life and deepened his belief in the...
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...Eyes on the Prize: Ain't Scared of Your Jails is a documentary set between the years of 1960 and 1961 and tells the story of the civil rights era from the point of view of the young black college students. In Southern cities there were segregated public facilities like a Greensboro, North Carolina lunch counter, where four black college students attempted the first sit-in. The non-violent sit-in movement spread around the country to 69 cities in the South with black communities organizing and creating boycotts and picketing stores. In Nashville, student protesters were arrested and attacked but did not retaliate. In fact, the first couple of days were peaceful, but that changed on February 27, 1960, when a group of white teenagers attacked...
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...against repeatedly while laws did nothing to protect their individual rights. In May 26, 1956, a few Florida A&M students got on the bus to a short trip to downtown Tallahassee, where these two young black woman wanted to seat in front of the bus rather than stand, for the bus was full and no seats were available in the back. When the driver notice that these to black woman were sitting in the front of the bus beside a white woman; he immediately pulled over the bus and told them to get up. When the young ladies kindle said if you refund us we will get off the bus, the driver said no and called the cops, though the white woman they sat next to made no objection. Which further leads to them being arrested and charged with incite a riot, After this story made headlines in the Sunday paper many people such as minster Metz Rollins was hoping for the black community to act with determination and sprit as others did in Montgomery, Alabama a few months prior. (Rabby,10-11) Rev. C. K. Steele and Robert Saunders representing the NAACP began talks while blacks started boycotting the city's buses. This boycott was similar to that in the Montgomery Boycott with Rosa Parks. Former bus patrons began a car pool lasting through May 26 of 1957, several other events took place which would change segregation in Tallahassee. The Inter-Civic Council ended the boycott on December 3, 1957. Racial unrest by the summer of 1963 was at its height since the Civil War. President Kennedy picked up the situation...
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...African American’s Battle for Equality and Right’s Luis Gomezfranco HIS204: American History Since 1865 Prof. Lisa Bowie January 14,2012 African American’s Battle for Equality and Right’s During and after the Civil War (1861-1865), the African American people were mistreated and discriminated against for many years. There is still racism going on until this day that routes from years of violence and maltreatment of the Black community in the United States. Black men and women were in a constant struggle in order to try to gain their equal rights as American citizens throughout history. When the United States was first getting colonized around the year 1619 there were African Americans who were stripped of their homes and forced into slavery. It was only years later that there was a Civil War that ended slavery but didn’t end resentment and animosity between Whites and Blacks. Even though Blacks were constantly beaten in public places and made to feel like insignificant human beings, they still fought long and hard for their right’s to live in this nation as equal as a White man and Woman. In this essay I will explain how they fought for their rights and what trials and tribulations they had to go through in order to get the respect they deserved and the life they fought to live amongst the White population. “The Black Codes codified some of these feelings into law when in 1865 southern state governments created legislation that restricted and controlled...
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...for the first semester grade. Read the background essay to gain more knowledge about these men. Answers should be typed. Plagiarized responses will receive no credit. Document D Questions: 1. What non-violent tactic is being threatened by Gandhi to protest the salt tax? 2. What is civil disobedience? 3. Provide an example of civil disobedience. 4. Inference: Why did Gandhi write the letter to Lord Irwin, telling him in advance what he intended to do? 5. What are the risks of civil disobedience to society? Document E Questions: 1. What is a lunch counter sit-in? 2. Is a lunch counter sit-in an example of civil disobedience? Why? 3. Explain the difference between a strike and a boycott? 4. How does King justify breaking the law at his trial? Examine the Picture 5. What can you tell me about the sit-in and the times from Blackwell’s photo? Explain. a. b. c. Document F Questions: 1. Does the document provide evidence that Mandela supported civil disobedience? Explain. 2. Did Mandela believe that acts of civil disobedience must be non-violent? 3. Under what circumstances might have Mandela supported violence? 4. Think: What does Mandela mean when he says that non-violence is a practical option rather than a moral necessity? Document G, H, I 1. Identify the idea that is common to all three documents? 2. Would you have been able to maintain total...
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...loss of class average for the first semester grade. Read the background essay to gain more knowledge about these men. Answers should be typed. Plagiarized responses will receive no credit. Document D Questions: 1. What non-violent tactic is being threatened by Gandhi to protest the salt tax? 2. What is civil disobedience? 3. Provide an example of civil disobedience. 4. Inference: Why did Gandhi write the letter to Lord Irwin, telling him in advance what he intended to do? 5. What are the risks of civil disobedience to society? Document E Questions: 1. What is a lunch counter sit-in? 2. Is a lunch counter sit-in an example of civil disobedience? Why? 3. Explain the difference between a strike and a boycott? 4. How does King justify breaking the law at his trial? Examine the Picture 5. What can you tell me about the sit-in and the times from Blackwell’s photo? Explain. a. b. c. Document F Questions: 1. Does the document provide evidence that Mandela supported civil disobedience? Explain. 2. Did Mandela believe that acts of civil disobedience must be non-violent? 3. Under what circumstances might have Mandela supported violence? 4. Think: What does Mandela mean when he says that non-violence is a practical option rather than a moral necessity? Document G, H, I 1. Identify the idea that is common to all three documents? 2. Would you have been able to maintain total discipline at Dharsana...
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...THE POWER OF HABIT Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd i 10/17/11 12:01 PM Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd ii 10/17/11 12:01 PM HABIT W h y We D o W h a t We D o and How to Change It THE POWER OF CHARLES DUHIGG Random House e N e w Yo r k Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd iii 10/17/11 12:01 PM This is a work of nonfiction. Nonetheless, some names and personal characteristics of individuals or events have been changed in order to disguise identities. Any resulting resemblance to persons living or dead is entirely coincidental and unintentional. Copyright © 2012 by Charles Duhigg All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Random House, an imprint of The Random House Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York. RANDOM HOUSE and colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4000-6928-6 eBook ISBN 978-0-679-60385-6 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Illustrations by Anton Ioukhnovets www.atrandom.com 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 First Edition Book design by Liz Cosgrove Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd iv 10/17/11 12:01 PM To Oliver, John Harry, John and Doris, and, everlastingly, to Liz Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd v 10/17/11 12:01 PM Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd vi 10/17/11 12:01 PM CONTENTS PROLOGUE The Habit Cure GGG xi PA R T O N E The Habits of Individuals 1. THE HABIT LOOP How Habits Work 3 31 60 2. THE...
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...African American Studies Final Question Answers M5Q1 NOTES: 1. Which of the following best describes Henry David Thoreau's response to Brown's raid? |1.|Thoreau praises Brown and seeks to defend his memory against those who viewed him as a murderer or insane man| |2.|Thoreau is horrified by the violent methods Brown used, arguing that violence will turn many Americans who oppose the extension of slavery against the abolitionists| |3.|Thoreau argues that Brown should not be put to death as this would cause sectional strife and lead to a civil war| |4.|Thoreau is one of many abolitionists who plea for Brown's life to be saved| 3 points Question 2 1. Which of the following best summarizes the letters John Brown wrote to his family while in prison? |1.|Brown is very hopeful that his wife and remaining children will come visit him| |2.|Brown calls upon his sons to continue his work. Although he speaks in very vague terms, it is clear that he hopes they will launch another slave uprising so that his death will not be in vain| |3.|Brown is upset at the fact that some of his children are ashamed to be sons and daughters of the man who planed the raid at Harper's Ferry| |4.|Brown does not write any letters to his family members while in prison, a fact John Earle makes plain in his introduction| |5.|Brown is upbeat and speaks in mostly religious terms about how there is no need to grieve for their father| Question 3 1. Which of the following is TRUE regarding John...
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...33 CHAPTER Newswriting basics Ready to write a simple news story? This chapter introduces you to the concepts and formulas all reporters have learned to rely upon. IN THIS CHAPTER: 34 Just the facts Be aware of what’s factual — and what’s opinion. 36 The five W’s The essentials: who, what, when, where, why. 38 The inverted pyramid How to write stories so the key facts come first. 40 Writing basic news leads Putting your opening paragraphs to work in the most informative, appealing way. 42 Beyond the basic news lead Not every story needs to start with a summary of basic facts; you have other options. 44 Leads that succeed A roundup of the most popular and dependable categories of leads. 46 After the lead . . . what next? A look at nut grafs, briefs, brites — and ways to outline and organize stories efficiently. 48 Story structure How to give an overall shape to your story, from beginning to middle to end. 50 Rewriting First you write. Then you rethink, revise, revamp and refine until you run out of time. 52 Editing Reporters have a love-hate relationship with editors. But here’s why you need them. 54 Newswriting style Every newsroom adapts its own rules when it comes to punctuation, capitalization, etc. 56 Making deadline When you’re a reporter, you live by the clock. How well will you handle the pressure? 58 66 newswriting tips A collection of rules, guidelines and helpful advice to make your stories more professional. ...
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...Community Development Vol. 41, No. 3, July–September 2010, 298–322 Incorporating social justice in tourism planning: racial reconciliation and sustainable community development in the Deep South Alan W. Bartona* and Sarah J. Leonardb a b Downloaded By: [University at Buffalo, the State University of New York (SUNY)] At: 06:29 3 November 2010 Social Sciences, Delta State University, DSU Box 3264, Cleveland MS 38733, USA; The College Board, Chicago, USA Tourism can serve as a vehicle for sustainable community development by contributing to equity and social justice. This happens as tourists learn about marginal groups through educational tourism, engage in development projects with host-area residents, undertake pilgrimages that bring greater meaning and cohesiveness to an ethnic identity, or encounter stories that transform their view of social injustice and spur further action to reduce inequities. Tourism planning can produce a sense of reconciliation when it brings historically divided groups together. An example is found in Tallahatchie County, Mississippi, where a group of white and African American residents are collaborating to develop tourism projects designed around a narrative of reconciliation, while they use the process of tourism planning to work towards racial reconciliation within their community. This case illustrates strategies tourism planners employ and challenges they face when they envision tourism as more than merely a means of economic growth...
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