...subsequent discussion in the field. Velasquez’s "International Business, Morality and the Common Good" 1992 paper takes business ethics to be concerned centrally with questions about the corporation's proper role in and relationship to the social order. These questions are said to surround the moral status of the corporation: Is the corporation a moral agent? Do multinational companies have any moral obligations to contribute to the international common good? While dominant management thinking is steered by profit maximization, this paper proposes that sustained organizational growth can best be stimulated by attention to the common good and the capacity of corporate leaders to create commitment to the common good. However, the complex process of re-orientating corporate priorities towards the common good requires alertness and concerted effort if both business and society are to truly benefit. In our contemporary post-modern context, it has become increasingly awkward to talk about a good that is shared by all. This is particularly true in the context of multi-national corporations operating in global markets. The common good dictates that leadership should be judged, first of all, according to moral criteria rather than professional competence. It helps correct the distorted prioritization of the maximization of profit in every business decision, recognizing that businesses have a multitude of rights and responsibilities, and the common good reminds us that the first of these is not...
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...Whose Job is Famine Relief? PHI 208 Ethics and Moral Reasoning December 12, 2012 Everyday on television one will view several commercials about giving to another country, to help the starving children. When Peter Singer wrote his article in 1971“Famine, Affluence and Morality” he was able to give a disastrous review of what readers may ordinarily think about different things such as charity and famine relief and if it is moral. Why is there so much famine around the world? Some put blame on lack of food and shelter with no medical care. Others believe that if there was a population control put in place that this perhaps would solve the issue of famine, with as long as these severely poor countries are still giving birth to children, famine becomes a vicious circle. Is it really the obligations of those who live in wealthier countries to support those in other countries? Should these countries make sure their own people are taken care of first? This is the argument that Mr. Singer presents in his paper. One has the moral obligation is to help others in need whether it be a cup of coffee or assisting in drilling a well for water and no matter if they are next door or across the world. With three different premises and a conclusion Singer argues for relief. The first of the three premises is understood when Singer said “that suffering and death from lack of food, shelter and medical care are bad” (Singer, 1972, pg. 231). The next of these three premises...
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...The Moral Obligation Toward Endangered Wild-life George Michael Olivas American Military University Professor Myers PHIL320 Environmental Ethics July 24th 2013 Abstract The moral agency of a man, all the same, looms ambiguously but more so mirroring an image of self—an image contrary to the ethical framework as it ought relate to the natural world. The premise by which we often grant moral importance to Homo sapiens is the mere membership within that group of species. Naturally the premise carries with it little to no weight and is nearly fallacious. Ethicist Peter Singer prompts humanity on the realism that the only other criteria by which to judge for moral consideration is sentience which definitively applies to broader a species. Sentience, as it is theoretical, is inclusive of moral consideration, "The capacity for suffering and enjoying things is a prerequisite for having interests at all, a condition that must be satisfied before we can speak of interests in any meaningful way (Singer, 1974).” The application of industry leaves a footprint in the delicate ecosystems of the earth which normally espouses a plethora of creatures known to regulate the respective biosphere. Far before humanity wandered to and fro the earth, animal life met extinction by natural causes nevertheless our dominance single-handedly exploits the environment and pollutes far worse than any means of naturalism—subjecting animal life into conditions...
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...ETH/376 Accounting Ethics and Professional Regulations Week One Assignment – AICPA Code of Professional Conduct AICPA Code of Professional Conduct The AICPA Code of Professional Conduct represents the principles that “are based on the values of the profession and the traits of character that enable CPA’s to meet their obligations to the public” (Mintz & Morris, 2011). The AICPA Code of Professional Conduct has six essential principles to guide them in the performance of their profession. The six essential principles are: Responsibilities, the Public Interest, Integrity, Objectivity and Independence, Due Care, and Scope and Nature of Services. All these principles need to be follow by the members of the AICPA. These principles link the professional conduct to moral judgment and recognize the responsibility that CPA’s have to his or her clients as well as the public. AICPA Code of Professional Conduct Principles The AICPA Code of Professional Conduct have six essential principles. The first principle is call “Responsibilities”, which protects the public of irresponsible and immoral behavior. The second principle is “The Public Interest”, which protects the best interest of stakeholders that includes the clients, credit grantors, government, investors, etc. The third principle is “Integrity” because this principle identify the public trust and CPA’s need to be candid and honest while maintaining client confidentiality. The fourth principle is “Objectivity and...
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...STRENGTHS OF DENTOLOGY: Deontology is based on duties and rights and respects individuals as ends in themselves. It places value on the intentions of the individual (rather than the outcomes of any action) and focuses on rules, obligations and duties. Deontology requires absolute adherence to these obligations and acting from duty is viewed as acting ethically. The deontological thinkers tend to think about care delivered through a long term continuous relationship. To them breaking care up into smaller fragments is a denial of what caring is really about. They maintain equity and considers every individual equally and worthy of protection. Motivation is valued over consequences, which are beyond our control. An immoral motive cannot be justifies by unforeseen good consequences but a good motive is worthy of value. It provides guidelines for making moral decisions , without the need for lengthy calculation of possible outcomes. It recognises the value of moral absolutes that do not change with time or culture. Deontology sports a fair trial of right or wrong as it depends on a universally accepted morality approach. It also makes the philosopher study both sides of a situation without compromising the outcomes. WEAKNESS OF DENTOLOGY: Deontology: One of the key criticisms in healthcare is that applying a strictly deontological approach to healthcare can lead to conflicts of interest between equally entitled individuals which can be difficult or even seemingly impossible...
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...Do people have an obligation to help others in society? In the essay, “Thirty-eight who saw murder didn’t call the police”, Martin Gansberg reconstructs a crime. He gives the reader a detailed sequence of events that led to a young woman’s death. Gansberg describes how no one telephones the police during the assault and how the attacker returned twice to kill the young lady. For more than half an hour, thirty-eight people witness this tragic event and did nothing. Assistant Chief Inspector Frederick M. Lussen, was baffled, not by the murder, but because “good people” failed to respond and call the police. This raises the question; do people have an obligation to help others in society? I feel that you should do unto others as you would do unto yourself, even if it may cause harm to yourself. The reward for the deed you have done will go a long way. The one you have helped will appreciate it more than you can ever imagine. He or she could feel like they cannot thank you enough. They may even make many attempts to thank you and even ask if there is something they can do for you. Some people have a moral obligation to help others. These individuals may have taken a pledge or an oath to help others. People of the armed services have taken an oath to support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic. Police officers are held to a higher standard of moral obligations and ethical values then what is expected from the average person....
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...Everyone agrees that business managers must understand finance and marketing. But is it necessary for them to study ethics? Managers who answer in the negative generally base their thinking on one of three rationales. They may simply say that they have no reason to be ethical. They see why they should make a profit, and most agree they should do so legally. But why should they be concerned about ethics, as long as they are making money and staying out of jail? Other managers recognize that they should be ethical but identify their ethical duty with making a legal profit for the firm. They see no need to be ethical in any further sense, and therefore no need for any background beyond business and law. A third group of managers grant that ethical duty goes further than what is required by law. But they still insist that there is no point in studying ethics. Character is formed in childhood, not while reading a college text or sitting in class. These arguments are confused and mistaken on several levels. To see why, it is best to start with the question raised by the first one: why should business people be ethical? Why Should One Be Ethical? There is already something odd about this question. It is like asking, “Why are bachelors unmarried?” They are unmarried by definition. If they were married, they would not be bachelors. It is the same with ethics. To say that one should do something is another way of saying it is ethical. If it is not ethical, then one should...
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...UI400 Philosophy Paper Methodology. The method of argumentation and (sometimes) proof used in philosophy is derived from and is essentially a refinement of the so-called Socratic Method, also known as Platonic dialectic (derived from Plato’s dialogues & refined over the centuries). It consists not merely in reporting on what others have said or argued, but in examining their claims to test them for validity, truth, soundness, and reliability of generalization and so on. It involves deductive methods, reductio ad absurdum or the selective application of relevant counterexamples, analogical and inductive procedures. It requires the examination of ideas, reasons, arguments and experience, and evidence drawn from various sources. It even involves experimental reasoning in the form of thought experiments. The overall format is that of the hypothetical-deductive method of developing a thesis by proposing a hypothesis, deducing the consequences that logically follow from that hypothesis and then testing them against other well-established beliefs, experience, data, and the results of the analyses and interpretations of a thesis by other scholars (secondary sources). Below follows a brief outline of some key steps to follow in executing a genuine philosophical analysis of a thesis and it argument(s). First a flow chart: 1. Thesis statement – a brief statement of the problem, why you think it’s a problem, & how you plan to approach it (these elements...
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...Hospital and took an oath to run the daily operations of the hospital, implement procedures and decisions made by the board of directors, and give updates and reports to the board members and shareholders about the financial status and daily operations of the organization. First of all, Dr. Do Right must communicate procedures, policies, and business goals to his management team. He must educate them on business changes, developmental opportunities, and all other vital information to help them to administer and communicate the organizations’ policies, expectations, and needs to lower level employees. Dr. Do Right must also display leadership qualities that are positive, respectful, and effective. This is his obligation to show that he is capable and responsible for a huge workforce. Secondly, Dr. Do Right has duty of loyalty to society. As Chief commanding officer of the hospital, Dr. Do Right must evaluate and oversee all daily operations of the hospital. He has an ethical duty to make sure all policies and procedures are in compliance with government regulations....
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...ones actions. Being accountable shows moral discipline and portrays maturity. Accountability also correlates with knowing where a certain person resides currently or in the future. In the Army accountability represents organization, discipline, and control. Accountability becomes an obligation when you join the Army, it benefits every party involved. The importance of obligation with the Army. Your obligations given to you as a soldier are there to help you perform your duties, much like guidelines to success. Obligations within a workplace are there to benefit those associated within the environment, in this scenario obligation to report our location and actions being taken were there to help our leaders to guide us towards success since their jobs are to ensure we are doing the right thing and to have our best interest in mind. Being that we are obligated to follow orders it represents a moral requirement or promise to follow out a given action. Following out your obligations show military barring and professionalism which is expected of us by not only our leadership but the civilians in which we swear to protect all over the world. Obligations can be utilized to protect ourselves and those around us. An example being that if we are obligated to perform a certain task to a certain standard and under a specific coordinated planning, we ensure security and success with that task. On the other hand if we are given a task with no obligation and only a task in sight there lies an...
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...Grandma’s bank account summary: $5 membership, $1k term deposit, $26k term deposit (can’t take out until 26-Oct-92 or wil receive no interest) * Bank didn’t k6now Gma was dead when Bad Boy removed funds | Question | 1. Was bank guilty of not [2138] exercising prudence and diligence for its [2130] mandate? 2. Does the valid mandate authorize the bank to give the term deposits (no) 3. What effect should be given to the letter of july 1st (none) 4. Did the bank owe obligation to grandma, and not rely on the letter (yes, 2138) | Ratio | 1. Argument: Bank is a special type of agent, v. strong fiduciary duties; if they’ve been defrauded they are 100% liable. Answer: Bank should have been more [2138] prudent and diligent; it wasn’t prudent cash out the account, and the bank wasn’t diligent in its duty as agent to let funds be taken out before interest accrued. | Decision | Bank guilty, has to pay missing funds to estate | Bank did not act with reasonable care Obligation that the bank has – they have a contract (mandate) bank was the agent (pay to the order of example) MANDATES Dowell vs. Notary Hay-Ellis (p. 64) Joseph: bad credit Dr. Dowell: good credit, so owns building for...
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...suffering. We live in a selfish society that believes that we should only take care of our own and not worry about others. Reliance on aid is one reason why people do not donate because they believe the society in need will become dependent on that service (Singer, 1972). In his article he also argues that people are morally obligated to prevent as least some suffering by personally taking action. Singer says that it is in our power to prevent bad things and we can prevent the without sacrificing anything of comparable moral importance. If we have the resources to do so, we the people should help those in need by suffering in the world, Singer makes a valid point by saying that are morally obligated to help, since help would relieve suffering (Singer, 1972). Singer offers two principles in his article the first states that if it is in our power to prevent something bad from happening, without thereby sacrificing anything of comparable moral importance, we ought,...
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...begged the peasant to explain further. “My parents gave me the great gift of life, and I owe them a deep debt of gratitude. I now cherish them and look after them in their old age. One fourth of my income is thus spent in repaying this debt.” “My children represent the future. I spend one-fourth of my income on feeding, clothing and educating them. This is my investment in the future.” “Poor though I am, there are people worse off than me. I help them as much as I can, and one-fourth of my income is spent on charity.” “My wife has placed her trust in me. It is my duty to love and protect her till the end of my life. One-fourth of my income is spent on giving her a good home. “This is the secret of my happiness!” Moral: True happiness comes from discharging your obligations and duties towards God, family and others and not on wealth, name and fame!...
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...|NCO EVALUATION REPORT |SEE PRIVACY ACT STATEMENT | |For Use of this form, see AR 623-205; the proponent agency is ODCSPER |IN AR 623-205, APPENDIX C | | | | | | |PART I - ADMINISTRATIVE DATA | | | | | | |a. NAME (Last, First, Middle Initial) |b. SSN |c. RANK |d. DATE OF RANK |e. PMOSC | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |f. UNIT, ORG., STATION, ZIP CODE OR APO, MAJOR COMMAND |g. REASON FOR SUBMISSION ...
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...Week 3 – Case Study LAWS 420 Professor Melinda Whitman 09/22/2013 What are the moral issues in this case? What ideals, obligations, and consequences must Carla Lombard consider? What rights, if any, are at stake? Will it make a difference whether Carla adopts a Kantian approach or a utilitarian approach to this situation? Over the years, this country has been confronted with many legal and ethical issues that surround the AIDs epidemic, and the workplace has certainly found itself at the center of these legal and ethical questions. Carla must consider many things when dealing with her situation with Tom, and most certainly the first one would be, “how do I determine if this information is even true”? Carla came by this so called information second hand, from an ex-spouse of all people, so she should first find out if the information is even true, and to do this she must go to Tom and tell him what his ex-wife told her. Carla knows Tom to be a valuable employee, and out of respect for Tom she should make him aware of the fact this is being “reported” to her. What if this turns out to be malicious slander on the part of Tom’s ex-wife, and even if it’s true, Tom has the right to privacy on many levels. Whether or not Tom chooses to disclose this information to Carla is strictly up to him. By law, an individual has no legal obligation to tell an employer that he has AIDS unless his or her job could expose others to blood or bodily fluids, and even then, the employee should...
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