...Australia’s history is striking in that immigration, in a myriad of forms, essentially gave life to the nation as it is today. Australia has long been considered a prime location for asylum seekers, with it’s stable governance, high quality of life and already established immigrant communities, it is easy to see why individuals seeking asylum from religious or ethnic persecution, conflict or despotism choose Australia to lodge their claims. Be it Europeans escaping Soviet expansion post World War 2 or South Vietnamese allies fleeing Vietnam following the fall of Saigon in 1975, the development of Australia’s history and culture is inseparably linked to these Asylum seekers who come “across the sea” to our boundless plains. Australia continues to receive asylum seekers in the 21st century however there has been an apparent shift in the nations psyche towards these asylum seekers. A moral panic is defined as a disproportionate response to a perceived threat by one group towards another. Is the reaction to Asylum seekers in Australia an example of moral panic?...
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...the Australian Government as an instrument to “other” individuals trying to enter Australia to seek asylum. To help comprehend the complex phenomenon of “others”, it is comparable to stereotyping, used to uphold social order. Richard Dyer (Hall, Evans & Nixon 2013) debates that “we represent people and places that are different from us with a representational practice, which we call stereotyping, which involves feelings, attitudes and emotions, and it also provokes fears and anxieties”. This ‘othering’ is a preface for the Australian Government to disregard their human rights responsibility, proclaiming that it is good for Australia. “Stop the boats” is the slogan and catchphrase the Australian Government and Australian society use when discussion of and around asylum seekers issues. This has triggered asylum seekers to be seen as a political concern instead of a humanitarian issue. Asylum seekers are used for political advance, playing on racial stereotypes or ‘others’ to strike fear within the Australian society. As the political concerns rage on, the public restrain understanding and compassion for asylum seekers. With...
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...Family Values in Australia Today Introduction When family values are invoked, several questions are raised. Does it belong to the right or to the left, in political terms? What is its history? Christian fundamentalists draw on a very particular reading of the Bible and cultural tradition in the West to display their concept of the 'natural family.' Feminist philosophers analyze the symbolic order of Western metaphysics to explain the society’s conception of the family, and the values and expectations the society places on femininity accordingly. Sociologists and other theorists account for the family with reference to social structures and data constantly under review and revision in the West. This paper outlines the current perception of family values. The analysis takes up the question of what the family may (and may not) be today in advanced capitalist countries like Australia, and what might be the political effects of rhetoric of family values. The Current State of Family Values The 21st century has dawned with evolutions and revolutions in the positions of the family in the society. For a long time, the family has been the basic unit of the society. Through the family, empires, and clans have been established with their presence experienced globally. However, the contemporary generation has mixed views on the position of the family. This is as a result of the ambiguity existing in the definition of family resulting to fight...
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...Sociology and Social Policy at the University of Sydney. Lisa Kervin is a lecturer in the Faculty of Education, University of Wollongong. Address for correspondence: Sue Bennett, Faculty of Education, University of Wollongong, Australia. Email: sue_bennett@uow.edu.au Abstract The idea that a new generation of students is entering the education system has excited recent attention among educators and education commentators. Termed ‘digital natives’ or the ‘Net generation’, these young people are said to have been immersed in technology all their lives, imbuing them with sophisticated technical skills and learning preferences for which traditional education is unprepared. Grand claims are being made about the nature of this generational change and about the urgent necessity for educational reform in response. A sense of impending crisis pervades this debate. However, the actual situation is far from clear. In this paper, the authors draw on the fields of education and sociology to analyse the digital natives debate. The paper presents and questions the main claims made about digital natives and analyses the nature of the debate itself. We argue that rather than being empirically and theoretically informed, the debate can be likened to an academic form of a ‘moral panic’. We propose that a more measured and disinterested approach is now required to investigate ‘digital natives’ and their implications for education. The one thing that does not change is that at any and every time it appears...
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...The accuracy of crime represented in todays media isn’t always as truthful as it may appear on TV, in new papers, or online. The media and how they portray the news is immensely affects crime and criminals and how society sees them. The media’s main subjective is to make money. Media ownership plays a major part on how media is portrayed as they have the decision on what they want to put on the news or not. In Australia the media is owned by various sources all impacting what we hear about. First association is the government; this ownership connects to what is put in the media and what the public see. In Australia the government owned station are ABC and SBS (H. Hayes 1013CCJ lecture notes, March 12, 2015). The government and media authorities...
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...33m Asses the view that religion is a major source of instability and conflict in society today | IntroductionExplain religion, conflict and instability Show differing view of society today, modern, postmodern, late modern | Study | Arguments FOR | Reference | Huntington Casanova | Religion is a major source of conflict Huntington * Clash of civilisations * 7 civilisation he identifies clash due to traditionalist values * All civilisations linked to core religions * Religion can create social cohesion within civilisations but not across * Religious identity linked to civilisation, attack on identity cause conflict * Religion creates us and them relationshipsCasanova * Religion conflict can occur within civilisations | Middle East * Conflict occurring on boundaries, war in 1990s between western, Slavic-orthodox, * Religious differences harder than political ones to resolve because they are deeply rooted in culture and historyNorthern Nigeria * Increase in conflict * Christianity against Islam * Us and them relationship * Religious conflict occurred due to Islamic law in the state * Christians felt at threat and marginalised * Stayed true to their identity, causing them to be under threat * Bombing of Christian churches, metal detectors installed | Maduro and Gramsci | Religion is a major source of conflict * Working class have a dual consciousness, mixture of ruling class ideology and their own experience of exploitation *...
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...The U.S. Banking Panic of 1933 and Federal Deposit Insurance 1. In 1929 there were more than 25,000 commercial banks in the U.S. Today there are still approximately 7000 banks. In most other countries there are just a handful of major banks – often 4 to 8 institutions dominate the market place. What explains the vastly different character of the banking system in the U.S. from that of other countries? Similarly, most other countries have not in the past provided government sponsored deposit insurance, though some have put it in place as part of their response to the credit crisis. Does the unique structure of the U.S. banking system indicate a greater need for such insurance? In 1933, banks in the United States were unsecure and there was widespread fear based on the previous closures. Depositors panicked as banks were experiencing difficulties. What differentiated U.S banks from other banks is that US banks were composed of two main banks: national banks that were following the federal law and regulation and which it could share funds and resources across US, and the State banks that were following the state law and regulations. It was proven after the crisis that local units banks were more vulnerable to the crisis than national banks. Many states restricted branch banks form developing that made some banks riskier and it limited their liquidity. In 1929 crash, customers were unable to pay back their loans that led to a severe liquidity problem as payment of loans and...
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...Ch a p ter 17 Tools of Monetary Policy In the chapters describing the structure of the Federal Reserve System and the money supply process, we mentioned three policy tools that the Fed can use to manipulate the money supply and interest rates: open market operations, which affect the quantity of reserves and the monetary base; changes in discount lending, which affect the monetary base; and changes in reserve requirements, which affect the money multiplier. Because the Fed’s use of these policy tools has such an important impact on interest rates and economic activity, it is important to understand how the Fed wields them in practice and how relatively useful each tool is. In recent years, the Federal Reserve has increased its focus on the federal funds rate (the interest rate on overnight loans of reserves from one bank to another) as the primary indicator of the stance of monetary policy. Since February 1994, the Fed announces a federal funds rate target at each FOMC meeting, an announcement that is watched closely by market participants because it affects interest rates throughout the economy. Thus, to fully understand how the Fed’s tools are used in the conduct of monetary policy, we must understand not only their effect on the money supply, but their direct effects on the federal funds rate as well. The chapter thus begins with a supply-and-demand analysis of the market for reserves to explain how the Fed’s settings for the three tools of monetary policy determine...
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...After the Great Depression, Unstated States had 40 years or economic growth without a single financial crisis. One of the main reasons of that achievement was that the financial sector was tightly regulated. Investment banks were small private partnerships. Thus, the money cycle was carefully observed. One of the few financial innovations was introduced in the 1970s when the Government National Association (Ginnie Mae) put together the first mortgage-backed securities (Mihm & Roubini, 2010). However, financial regulations radically changed in the beginning of 1980 as Ronald Reagen became the President of USA. He gave the starting point of 30 years of deregulations. The world of the U.S. President Thomas Jefferson “I sincerely believe... that banking establishments are more dangerous than standing armies” came popular. An important role into the deregulations played Alan Greenspan whom Reagan appointed as a chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank. He was also reappointed in Presidents Bill Clinton and George W Bush. An important for the volatility of the marker has the violation of Glass-Steagel act (which prevented banks with consumer deposits from engaging in risky investment banking activities ) by creating the Gream-Leach-Bliley act which overturned Glass-Steagel act. The American dream represents a set of ideas which are widely spread in the United States. The most important aspect of reaching the idea is represented in the ownership. It is a status symbol that differs...
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...Prostitution; An Abolitionist Perspective We can learn a great deal about women and prostitution by studying the construction of prostitution as a « Social problem ». Two dominant questions oppose each other when it comes to prostition, One of them wich advocates abolition, and the other claiming its recognition as a full time job. These two positions appear to be largely balanced despite their opposition to the extent that they mobilize the same arguments, that is to say moral. But throughout his work, his analysis shows that prostitution is a widely heterogeneous universe, crossed by numerous divisions and whose participants are located mainly in the same position in the economic and social field. The first chapter explains the construction of prostitution and claims that it only creates misery and populism, as often when it comes to socially subordinate groups. In both cases, there is a certain essentialist representation of the prostitute - because often we forget men who engage in commercial sex, and the blurred boundaries of genders that include transvestites and transsexuals. More worryingly, it shows that some sociologists use their scientific legitimacy to defend highly ideological positions (in this case abolitionists). To get out of these preconceptions of considering prostitution not in only in the terms of sexuality – just like the idea of taboo in our society, but as a means of economical “subsistence” for individuals who practice it. This is often led...
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...The Psychology of Road Rage: A discussion of psychological explanations of road rage and policy implications. Name: Graeme Standing Candidate #: 002351 015 Subject: Psychology – Extended Essay Word Count : 3993 School: Collège du Léman Date: February 2007© Graeme Standing (graemestanding@hotmail.com) Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................1 Is Road Rage Just a Media Invention?..................................................................................................... 1 What is Road Rage? ................................................................................................................................2 Stress and Anger .....................................................................................................................................2 Are Some People More Susceptible to Road Rage? ............................................................................... 3 Gender Stereotypes................................................................................................................................4 Intermittent Explosive Disorder.............................................................................................................. 5 Driving Pathology....................................................................................................................................6 Solutions...
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...Tiffany Nguyen Instructor: David J. Estrada English 100 22 October 2013 First Draft Theory has traditionally been approached from an objective orientation. We can trace a progression however throughout the 19th and 20th century in the apparent evolution of social scientific theory from objective through to more subjective approaches. The question remains though, does the theory accurately reflect change in society or does the 'perspective' of theory and theoretical approach of the researcher only tease out particular aspects of a social phenomenon. By holding the topic of subculture constant, social scientific theory can be put into question. This essay examines subcultures from the 1950's to the present in order to revisit assumptions about theory. The Punk subculture is examined specifically through semiotic analysis within a broader Sociological framework in order to find out what a more subjective approach to theory over this time period can reveal. In the past, subcultural theory described subcultures as fairly uniform and static. Theorists referred to the 1960's and 1970's within a Modern paradigm which objectivist in nature understood subculture as a problem to be fixed. Subcultural delinquency was seen as noise and as unnatural. More recent subcultural theory describes subcultures as transient, informal and hybrid. But subcultures have always been about’ youth, about times of economic uncertainty, employment pressures and reliant on class distinction (Van Krieken...
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...Foundations and Trends R in Finance Vol. 4, No. 4 (2009) 247–325 c 2010 V. V. Acharya, T. Cooley, M. Richardson and I. Walter DOI: 10.1561/0500000025 Manufacturing Tail Risk: A Perspective on the Financial Crisis of 2007–2009 By Viral V. Acharya, Thomas Cooley, Matthew Richardson and Ingo Walter Contents 1 Introduction 2 How Did We Get There? 2.1 2.2 2.3 The Panic of 1907 and Its Aftermath Bank Competition, Financial Innovation and Risk-Taking in the Last Decades of the 20th Century Risk-Taking Incentives of Financial Institutions 249 253 253 258 264 3 The New Banking Model of Manufacturing Tail Risk 4 Alternative Explanations of the Financial Crisis 5 Conclusion A Appendix: Tail Risk in the Rest of the World References 273 292 311 314 320 Foundations and Trends R in Finance Vol. 4, No. 4 (2009) 247–325 c 2010 V. V. Acharya, T. Cooley, M. Richardson and I. Walter DOI: 10.1561/0500000025 Manufacturing Tail Risk: A Perspective on the Financial Crisis of 2007–2009 Viral V. Acharya1 , Thomas Cooley2 , Matthew Richardson3 and Ingo Walter4 1 2 3 4 Stern USA, Stern USA Stern USA Stern USA School of Business, New York University, New York, NY 10012, vacharya@stern.nyu.edu School of Business, New York University, New York, NY 10012, School of Business, New York University, New York, NY 10012, School of Business, New York University, New York, NY 10012, Abstract We argue that the fundamental cause of the financial crisis of 2007–2009 was that large, complex...
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...Abstract Raves have historically referred to grass-roots organized, anti-establishment and unlicensed all night dance parties, featuring electronically-produced dance music (EDM), such as techno, house, trance and drum and bass. Since their late 1980s origins in the U.K., raves have gained widespread popularity and transformed dramatically. Consequently, their many cultural traits and behaviors have garnered much sociological interest, which mostly falls into two competing perspectives: cultural studies and public health. In this paper, we review what raves look like today compared to their high point in the 1990s. We then discuss how the cultural studies and public health perspectives define raves and have studied them over time, focusing on the “pet” sociological concepts each has sought to advance. Our analysis of these literatures reveals important differences in rave research by country and over time. We end by discussing the politics associated with the shift in rave research. Introduction Society has been greatly influenced by many alternative scenes, subcultures, or lifestyles oriented around music, youth and young adults (Epstein 1998). Some of the more notable ones include the English punk scene in the 1970s- 1980s, the U.S. jazz (1930s-1940s) and hippie scenes (1970s), and the 1990s rave scenes in the U.K. and U.S. From them have come musical innovation, social identity, fashion and other aesthetic nuances, and mainstream and alternative cultural production...
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...Susan B. Anthony The Quaker influence--Hers was a Quaker family. The Quakers believed in education and Susan received excellent training. They believed in hard work, and Susan learned a strong work ethic from an early age. They believed in generosity and charity. They believed in peace, temperance and justice, and this was to affect her adult concerns about injustices toward women, as well as social problems that come from alcohol. The Quakers also believed that men and women were equal partners before God, and this must have had an important influence on her belief in women's rights. The family influence--Susan B. Anthony was raised with Quaker discipline and austerity, but there was an independent spirit that came from both her father and mother. Her father, Daniel, was devout, but he went outside the church to marry the woman he loved. Her mother, Lucy, had loved music and dancing as a girl, but she gave this up to accept the rules of her husband’s Quaker faith. In her spirit, however, her mother never forgot her light-hearted youth. Daniel Anthony was concerned about social justice. When he ran his own cotton mill, he avoided buying slave-raised cotton. This lesson was not lost on Susan. The move to New York--In Massachusetts, her father's cotton mill was very successful, and he was soon asked to manage mills at Batten Ville, New York. The family moved there in 1826 when Susan was 6 years old. Soon the family was in a large brick home. Education--Susan's education...
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