...Sciences 2011 Department of Psychology Course: Between Psychology and Medicine Paper on: Medical and Psychological processes in Pilates Presented by: Hani Ovadia Introduction Psychological and physical health is greatly affected by behavior, similarly, different patterns of behavior derive from psychological and physical health (Folkins 1981). Consequently, both psychotherapists and doctors recommend to their patients to participate in activities that advance a healthier lifestyle (Bull 1995). The patients are advised to integrate gymnastics of different types in their lifestyle, includ ing among others: aerobics, yoga, kickboxing and Pilates (Howell 2011). Pilates is an exercise method based on gentle phy sical movements integrated with focused mind. The physical aspect is designed to tone and increase the flexib ility of the muscles and joints and also includes developing good posture, balance and coordination. The psychological aspect is based on correct breathing and mental concentration (Field 2009) In this paper I will examine the beneficiary effects of Pilates as a mind and body training method. First, I will describe the development of the method and the uniqueness of Pilates in comparison to other physical exercising methods. Then, I will further examine the physical and psychological influence Pilates has on its practitioners, while referring to research difficulties that arise and I will conclude with my personal opinion. Developing the...
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...2 It can be seen on television, read in the paper, and heard on the radio that it's time for America to get into shape. Obesity is up and engaging in healthy exercise is down. The obvious thing to blame is poor food choices and if that's coupled with working long hours then it's no wonder. Nevertheless, despite those issues people are finally deciding to make fitness a priority in their lives by watching what they eat and exercising more. However, they may find that the weight's not coming off, physical performance is going down, or they can't seem to put on any muscle. The culprit behind these issues may be surprising: sleep. A lack of sleep, which is becoming the norm in our society, is being proven to negatively effect several key areas of one's physical fitness. First, studies show a connection between sleep deprivation and weight control including less fat loss, changes in metabolism, and increased hunger. Next, research conducted on sleep restricted athletes resulted in less stamina, slower reaction times, and changes in mood. Finally, tests on sleep deprived subjects showed lowered testosterone, growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels which all play major roles in building muscle. Getting enough sleep every night is more important to your fitness than you may think. Research suggests that an inadequate amount of sleep is detrimental to weight control, physical performance, and muscle growth. Weight Control A lack of sleep has...
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...Personal Training Paper Dana Cooper November 12, 2012 HPE/170 Debbie Polisky Personal Training Paper The purpose of this paper is to analyze my personal exercise habits. In doing so, I will discuss my exercise habits as they relate to volume, intensity, frequency (density). I will describe my exercise habits and explain how I would like to incorporate them into my personal training. I will also explain why locomotion movements, non-locomotion skills, and object manipulation skills should be taken into consideration when planning a physical development program as well as how I will personally include them into my own exercise habits for personal training and why. In addition, I will explain how each different energy system is affected by my exercise habits and which ones are more prevalent in my planning. I will also provide a list of units of exercise and the time required to enhance physical adaptation as well as a description of the impact of exercise as it relates either aerobic or anaerobic power. An explanation will also be provided of the relationship between the time I need and the time I need to allow my body to regenerate and rest as well as identifying potential issues in developing motor skills and motor learning from my exercise habits. Finally, I will present list changes or additions to my training program which is designed to enhance fitness. Dana’s Exercise Habits In the past couple years I have had to reevaluate the way I eat as well as...
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...Kathryn Henry Vocal Pedagogy Term Paper 4/27/14 Is it Locked?: The Study of the Temporomandibular Joint and its Effects on Vocal Production In this research paper, I will discuss the temporomandibular joint and its effects on vocal production. The paper begins with a definition of what the temporomandibular joint is, where it sits in the skull, and what its functions are. Following this section will be disorders and treatments of disorders that one may encounter involving the temporomandibular joint. Finally, I will discuss how temporomandibular joint disorders can negatively affect a singer’s vocal production. The Temporomandibular Joint, or TMJ, is a joint located in front of one’s ears on each side of the face. ‘Temporo’ refers to the temple, the bone in the side of one’s head, and ‘mandibular’ refers to the mandible. The joint connects the mandible to the bone on the side of the head. The TMJ allows the mandible to move up and down as well as back when chewing, talking, or yawning. As the mouth opens, the rounded edges of the mandible, called condyles, glide along the socket of the temporal bone. As the mouth closes, the condyles slide back into their original resting positions. The TMJ is a ginglymo-arthrodial joint, meaning that the joint allows forward and backward movements, ginglymoid, as well as gliding movements within narrow limits, arthrodial.The TMJ has a combination of hinging and sliding motions, making this joint among the most complicated of the human...
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...The terminal swing phase is considered the most hazardous as the hamstring muscle-tendon units are at their longest length of the gait cycle and are most heavily activated (Opar et al., 2012, pg. 212). At this point the eccentric contraction of the hamstring muscles elicit a high force to decelerate knee extension and hip flexion. The results of previous studies demonstrate that muscle strain in eccentric contraction is the primary cause of the muscle strain injury affected by muscle strength and contraction velocity (Liu, et al., 2012, pg....
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...CYCLISTS The Effectiveness of CHO Loading in Female Cyclists PRF 810 Thesis Paper Christopher S. Burt CHO Loading and Female Cyclists 2 The Effectiveness of CHO Loading in Female Cyclists Carbohydrate [CHO] loading is the intentional ingestion of above normal amounts of carbohydrate to increase muscle glycogen stores prior to physical activity. This method is often used by elite athletes to improve their performance. With respect to cyclists, the increase in performance is measured experimentally as a decrease in time to complete a race or time trial, an increase time to fatigue, and by decreased power output. There is no singular method for CHO loading. The “first” standard protocol for CHO loading was developed by Bergstrom and Hultman (1), in which the athlete exercised to deplete glycogen from the muscle, then consumed excess CHO over 3 days, without exercising. More recently an exercise tapering protocol has been developed, in which the athlete reduces the amount of exercise being done over 3 days, and does no exercise on day 3 (2). This reduction in exercise is followed by 3, or up to 6, days of loading. However in both versions, and the many modifications thereof, the athlete’s regular training protocol is interrupted. Two recent articles reported the success of consuming 12g/kg of lean body mass high CHO, high glycemic index foods, for 24 hours (3, 4). Both studies showed an increase in muscle glycogen levels at levels equal to or higher than those of a 2-6 day regimen...
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...Bodybuilding Anaerobic Exercise & Respiration, Muscular Growth and Supplement Intake Ajay Sabhaney, Carlen Ng, Di Wu, Kelei Xu Bodybuilding Page 1 of 59 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Body & Muscle Groups a. Muscle Growth b. Physical & Psychological Benefits of Exercising 3. Weight Training: Anaerobic Exercise Mechanics & Impact on Muscle Growth a. Energy Transformations During an Exercise b. Investigating Torque in Weight Training c. Muscles Acting as Levers d. Impulse in Weight Training e. Intensity versus Speed 4. Protein Supplementation a. Protein supplementation b. Combining Protein Supplementation 5. Cellular Respiration & Effect on Weight Training a. Glycolysis b. Aerobic Respiration c. Anaerobic Respiration (inc. lactic acid) d. Carbohydrate Loading 6. Creatine Supplementation a. An Introduction b. Lab: Effect of Phosphocreatine on Lactic Acid 7. Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids a. Reactions within the Body involving steroids b. Side Effects of Steroid Intake c. Detecting Steroids in the Human Body 8. Conclusion 9. Works Cited 10. Miscellaneous Bodybuilding Page 2 of 59 I. Introduction Exercise (essentially any form of physical exertion which results in the contraction of a muscle) has become a widespread interest over the past several years, especially in areas of weight training. While exercise is generally intended to promote good physical health, bodybuilding more specifically concentrates on building muscle mass and many individuals in society...
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...Abstract As life expectancy increases the number of older adults requiring long-term care of some kind increases. These adults have varying needs, but most adults have problems with skin integrity, muscle weakness, and emotional issues in long-term care facilities. Interventions to meet these needs focus on preventing skin break down, improving muscle strength to prevent falls, and settings that promote usefulness and a feeling of not being alone. Current options available to older adults may not meet all of their needs, and creativity is needed in devising interventions to meet these needs. Structuring long-term care settings to encourage activity in older adults and connecting with other generations can help prevent feelings of loneliness and uselessness, and help older adults live meaningful and productive lives in long-term care settings. Long-Term Healthcare Needs of the Elderly As adults age many will require long-term health care. The evolving needs of the older adult population will require creative and new ways to meet their health care needs. This paper will look at the needs older adults have, and options that are currently available to meet these long-term care needs. This paper will also present new options that have been proposed for long-term health care settings, how these options compare with current interventions, and what outcomes can be expected if these new options are implemented. The Problem As life expectancies increase the older adult population...
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...Name: Joh Sturdy Title: To investigate the effect of exercise on breathing. Aim: The aim of this experiment is to find out the effect of exercise on the respiratory system Introduction: During exercise, our muscle cells respire more than when we are resting. Exercise is carried out by increasing the respiration rate and the heart rate. (BBC Bitesize 2014) Exercise occurs when the muscles contract and relax which create movement. Energy for cells is created in the mitochondria of every cell, through the process of cellular respiration (Glucose + Oxygen -----> Carbon Dioxide + Water + ENERGY). The Mitochondria is known as the "powerhouse" of all cells and they act like...
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...HEALTHY LIVING WITH DIABETICS Com/156 July 29, 2012 Linda Perez, Instructor UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX Healthy Living with Diabetes For a person learning how to live a healthy and long life with diabetes, knowing proper eating habits and exercise, will help you control your weight and Sugar. You must be aware of the dangers signs of diabetes and know what to do if they appear. Following your doctor’s orders to take medications and keeping all necessary appointments can also be a live saving move as you navigate your disease. One of the most important aspects of learning how to live a healthy life with diabetes is to have proper eating habits and exercise. This will help you control your weight which is a major component in managing this illness. All of these things discussed with the references and source information that I will provide will express the importance of living healthy with diabetes. I have a lot of information to put together being a diabetic myself for over 13 years now; I have been through everything from a massive heart attack, high blood pressure, and seizures. We will find out what is believed to be the cause of diabetes and how we can learn how to fight this disease with better information and professional guidance. Learning to living a healthy life with diabetes can be a daunting and emotional task, but I do it for the ones I love and the ones that depend on me. Being an African American single mother with 4 children at the time of my diagnosis was...
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...Exercise Physiology Test Name: Justin Dueyen Athletes and other sportsmen such as soccer players require a pre participation routine before the start of a match or any routine practice. Such routines should include a warm up session that is followed by a stretching session. The warm up session functions to elevate core temperature by engaging in some light calisthenics or light running (White, 2008). In turn, this increases extensibility and flexibility of muscles and tissues. Similarly, the stretching routine also serves to increase the extensibility and flexibility of muscles and tissues. This paper will give the rational for using dynamic stretching, its benefits and the specific movements that one can use during the stretching process. Dynamic stretching is among the preferred stretching techniques used by a majority coaches. It involves the controlled swinging of both arms and legs without stretching out of one’s range of motion. In this case, the stretch is produced by both active muscular contractions and momentum (Reilly, 2007). During dynamic stretching, one uses certain movements depending on their sport in preparation for body movement. This type of stretching tends to be confused with ballistic stretching. This is because if one stretches beyond their static ability, it is no longer dynamic stretching but rather ballistic stretching. This routine of dynamic stretching should begin from low intensity and gradually progress to...
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...Exercise Physiology Test Name: Justin Dueyen Athletes and other sportsmen such as soccer players require a pre participation routine before the start of a match or any routine practice. Such routines should include a warm up session that is followed by a stretching session. The warm up session functions to elevate core temperature by engaging in some light calisthenics or light running (White, 2008). In turn, this increases extensibility and flexibility of muscles and tissues. Similarly, the stretching routine also serves to increase the extensibility and flexibility of muscles and tissues. This paper will give the rational for using dynamic stretching, its benefits and the specific movements that one can use during the stretching process. Dynamic stretching is among the preferred stretching techniques used by a majority coaches. It involves the controlled swinging of both arms and legs without stretching out of one’s range of motion. In this case, the stretch is produced by both active muscular contractions and momentum (Reilly, 2007). During dynamic stretching, one uses certain movements depending on their sport in preparation for body movement. This type of stretching tends to be confused with ballistic stretching. This is because if one stretches beyond their static ability, it is no longer dynamic stretching but rather ballistic stretching. This routine of dynamic stretching should begin from low intensity and gradually progress to...
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...Anatomy and Physiology 2, SCI 136 Research project # 40904000 Muscular Dystrophy Definition Muscular dystrophy (MD) refers to a group of more than 30 genetic diseases that cause progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles used during voluntary movement. The word dystrophy is derived from the Greek dys, which means "difficult" or "faulty," and troph, or "nourish." These disorders vary in age of onset, severity, and pattern of affected muscles. All forms of MD grow worse as muscles progressively degenerate and weaken. Many patients eventually lose the ability to walk (“National Institute,” 2011). Some types of MD also affect the heart, gastrointestinal system, endocrine glands, spine, eyes, brain, and other organs. Respiratory and cardiac diseases may occur, and some patients may develop a swallowing disorder. MD is not contagious and cannot be brought on by injury or activity (“National Institute,” 2011). Method(s) of diagnosis Muscular dystrophies are diagnosed through both the patient’s medical history and a complete family history to determine if the muscle disease is secondary to a disease affecting other tissues or organs or is an inherited condition. It is also important to rule out any muscle weakness resulting from prior surgery, exposure to toxins, current medications that may affect the patient's functional status, and any acquired muscle diseases. Thorough clinical and neurological exams can rule out disorders of the central and/or...
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...school track. I live for competition and know that health and nutrition in bodybuilding is vital. To be a winner, one must be the fastest, strongest, and most trained. Our bodies are our engines, and we must put the correct fuel in them to keep them going to work at their full potential. The three well-known, tested workout meal plans that I have researched are: Arnold Schwarzenegger, P90X, and Johnny Ahl’s plan. This paper seeks to explore what each bodybuilding meal plan entails and how these popular plans compare and contrast. I will begin with the history of bodybuilding and nutrition; then I will break down each meal plan one by one and compare the plans. The goal of this research will be to find out what it requires to gain lean muscle mass for strength and performance in sports. In fact the website, www.bodybuilding.com has 162 articles on how bodybuilding can improve sport performance in many different sports. Giving clear studies and research on how muscle strength and training play a significant role in the performance of the athlete. This research will provide guidance for all male bodybuilders and athletes between the ages 14-60 to help them reach their peak performance. The History of Bodybuilding: In the 1920’s and 1930’s, it was made clear that health nutrition and physical appearance were closely connected. It was found that weight training was the best route for muscular...
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...Caffeine Ingestion: Its Effect on Muscle Metabolism Business Statistics/BUS3020 Caffeine Ingestion: Its effect on RER Coffee Pot --- It’s already ubiquitous that a perfect start for our day is to have a cup of hot and fresh coffee. Coffee has already earned its spot in our “daily-important-things” to have, and even have defined a space on our diet. These drinks are classified as a beverage with a different stimulating aroma and a substance known as caffeine that drives one away from the world for a second at least. Speaking of caffeine, the common belief that it improves both mental and physical performance, combined with the removal of caffeine from the banned substances list on the January 1, 2004 by the World Anti-Doping Agency, has led to its widespread use amongst athletes competing in many sports. Research updated that acute ingestion of caffeine before exercise has been shown to prolong exercise endurance, increase plasma epinephrine and serum free fatty acids (ffa’s), and spare muscle glycogen. Henceforth, it is clear that caffeine can be employed as an ergogenic agent or that it enhance athletic performance or facilitate physical exercise for a wide range of exercise conditions (Graham, 1997) and it is often proposed that this effect is mediated by enhancing fat oxidation and decreasing carbohydrate use in the active muscles. However, not only does caffeine enhance exercise capacity when endogenous carbohydrates are not limiting metabolism (Anselme et al. 1992)...
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