... The American Indian Holocaust Team D January 11, 2015 TY Little 2 American Indian Holocaust The “500 Year War” was known as the American Indian Holocaust known to history. There were so many Native Americans life lost it was around 114,000,000. It is said that Christopher Columbus was responsible for half a million of Native American Indian’s deaths. When Columbus arrived in 1493 he came with 17 ships, and killed and implemented slavery, and then the Native people occurred Wounded Knee and the Trail of Tears. It was known that the US Army supplied blankets contaminated with small box, and over 100 thousand native people died (Shawnee, Delaware, and Mingo). The Native peoples that suffered these atrocities were then expected to assimilate into the white culture. Their cultures were outlawed along with their language and traditions. This brought anger to the people that still stand today. This anger has done a lot of damage to the current cultures of Native Americans. These behaviors have become self destructive that have caused rampant alcoholism rates to sore 7 times higher than the national average. Their unresolved grief has resulted in high suicide and homicide rates 3 times higher than the national average. A culmination of the loss of their traditional rituals that used to allow the native people to grieve...
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...America on Native Americans Brittany Council COM/156 March 11, 2012 Donna Jay Abstract Many colonizers succeeded in their conquest for riches and as a result the tribal nations of North America became domestic dependent nations that have had to rebuild themselves from near annihilation. Once the Native Americans were forced on to reservations their struggle to sustain life began. The Europeans’ strategies of targeting American Indian children for assimilation began with violence. The Europeans negotiated many treaties with the native people, but all were later discovered to be unfavorable for the indigenous people. As the European Americans grew larger in numbers, their quest for land and riches spread further into the plains of North America, requiring them to find new ways to travel causing them break treaties with the Plains Indians. Much of the forced removal of Native American tribes was a result of two major events: the Indian Removal Act and the Trail of Tears. The Impact of European Colonization in North America on Native Americans The European colonization of North America proved to be detrimental to the existence of the Native Americans. The colonizers conquered and domesticated the natives and as a result almost completely decimated the tribal nations. The natives were purposely infected with incurable diseases during this time. The Indians’ vision of slavery was corrupted into something they could never have imagined. The European Americans negotiated...
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...The Impact of European Colonization in North America on Native Americans Vincent Leisey COM/156 October 10, 2012 Melissa Zantello Abstract Many colonizers succeeded in their conquest for riches and as a result the tribal nations of North America became domestic dependent nations that have had to rebuild themselves from near annihilation. Once the Native Americans were forced on to reservations their struggle to sustain life began. The Europeans’ strategies of targeting American Indian children for assimilation began with violence. The Europeans negotiated many treaties with the native people, but all were later discovered to be unfavorable for the indigenous people. As the European Americans grew larger in numbers, their quest for land and riches spread further into the plains of North America, requiring them to find new ways to travel causing them break treaties with the Plains Indians. Much of the forced removal of Native American tribes was a result of two major events: the Indian Removal Act and the Trail of Tears. The Impact of European Colonization in North America on Native Americans The European colonization of North America proved to be detrimental to the existence of the Native Americans. The colonizers conquered and domesticated the natives and as a result almost completely decimated the tribal nations. The natives were purposely infected with incurable diseases during this time. The Indians’ vision of slavery was corrupted into something...
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...When we think about American history, we often think about the tragedy that claimed the land, lives, culture, and heritage of the indigenous people of North America. European intrusion consequently prompts a long arrangement of land usurpation that continuously displaced the natives into confined reservations. It is against this background that Erdrich, in her novel 'Tracks' explicitly illustrates the political and historical experiences of the Native American as shown by the troubles of Chippewa Tribe. The novel ‘Tracks’ dramatically presents the struggle and survival of the Native Americans due to historical injustice, dispossession, and deprivation through colonization. In her novel, Tracks, Erdrich deals not only with individual American...
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...and concrete but as something that is situated and constructed by others, a glimpse of poststructuralist view on identity. Recently, language learning has been seen as participation and negotiation of self (see Higgins, forthcoming; Kinginger, 2004; Lam, 2000; Morita, 2004; Ohara, 2001; Pavlenko & Lantolf, 2000; and Solé, 2007 among others). The trend is resonated in the growing interest in language learner identity and the studies in narratives. In this paper, a case of heritage language learner will be investigated upon the theoretical frame of poststructuralism. Narrative inquiry will be used to analyze how she negotiates her learner identity. The purpose of this paper is two-fold: First, by looking at the struggle a language learner makes to acquire her heritage language, I reclaim the centrality of identity in defining heritage language learners. Second, to widen the horizons of narrative studies to the cyber space as it provides an ample source of easily accessible data and it has become one of the commonplace media of daily communication. Heritage Language Learners and Identity To refer to the Heritage Language Learners (HLLs), various terms have been implemented such as ‘native speakers,’ ‘quasi native speakers,’ ‘bilingual speakers,’ or, from the dissatisfaction with the prior terms, ‘home background speakers,’ and ‘heritage language speakers’ (Valés, 2005: p. 412). There has not yet been a concise definition, however, that succinctly encapsulates the distinct features...
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...distinct language, culture, and traditions that have been passed down many generations. Indigenous people are considered minority populations that inhabit their own land and territory. The globalization crisis of today brings about a different set of challenges than that of the earliest civilizations. Traditional cultures today are well aware that some benefits...
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...acculturation. Challenges involving racial identity, ethnicity; where do people with different cultures fit in and make it work; the population of multicultural families has risen and continue to do so. Socioeconomic status in multicultural families varies from household income, occupation, education level, and upper, and middle or lower class standard of living. Certain barriers may contribute to multicultural families such as language, behavioral, health and mental stress, depression, roles of husbands and wives, gender, sexual orientation; family values are very important in interracial families, are the collaborations among families discussed to blend values from each culture. This paper will portray the dynamics of multicultural families. Keywords: multicultural, families, race, ethnicity, acculturation, mental stress, and values. Multicultural Families Multicultural is an integration of different cultures identities belonging to vary subgroups from diverse countries and or cultures, which stem from race, ethnicity, socioeconomic, gender language and sexual orientation. The United States has changed tremendously over the years in regards to multicultural or multiracial families; the name has changed many times it’s hard to keep up. An Afro - Colombian man and his wife, White born in the United States became very concern for their daughter when she began preschool;...
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...advantage Rodrigues gained. Slowly but surely, Rodriguez started to lose touch with his culture, letting it fade away like his memory of Spanish. Aria is just one example of many stories that chronicles a switch between American and Hispanic culture. One must always give, and usually this ‘give’ of the American culture is painted in a very negative light. Many Hispanic-Americans recognize what they...
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...The impact of exploration and colonization on the Native people annihilated and destroyed many people and their cultures. As a result of this they were enslaved, killed, and evicted off of their homeland. For example when colonists came over their main goal was to obtain land, gold, and other materials.In addition, the Europeans did a supreme job. In which today it is now called “Human Progress.” Which resulted in more money and the conversion of “ Indian” to christianity. This is where the very famous quote “Kill the Indian, Save the Man” first originated. A long time ago, Europeans could not grow enough food. This resulted in the starvation of many Europeans. To solve this problem Europeans enslaved many Natives so they could do their laborious work. The way it had effected the Natives when they were enslaved was by forcing them to abandon their culture. For example when Columbus had came he enslaved many Natives so the...
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...American Indians were seen as interference during U.S expansion. To rid the United States of this impeding problem many natives were completely annihilated through various forms of warfare, while others were forced to live on small reservations that could not be cultivated and sported little game. Newly introduced diseases also quickly killed off the native population yet the natives were still viewed as a “problem”. In efforts to solve the “problem,” assimilation of the young native was introduced in hopes of gradually breeding out the Indian. Thus, the Indian Bureau of Affairs was created. The Indian Bureau of Affairs forcibly took children from their homes and placed them into boarding schools. The children were forbidden to speak their...
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...Loss of Centeredness, Native Americans and Europeans American Intercontinental University Topics in Cultural Studies Huma215-1204B-07 By: Angela L. Byus Abstract This paper discusses The Five Civilized Tribes known as the Choctaw, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw and the Cherokee and how life was for them before the invasion and settlement of the Europeans. The loss of centeredness is described not only for the Native Americans but also for the Europeans who suffered before reaching America. The loss of centeredness is described where any culture who have to immigrate and change their way of life from what they knew. The Native Americans were not the only culture to have suffered through these tragic events as with the Irish during the Potato famine along with Paris, France and London where living conditions were one of destitution and horror which led to the migration to the Americas. Within the body of the paper are in-text citations and following the body of the paper are the references. Native Americans, way before the nineteenth century consisted of many different cultural groups of peoples from the Subarctic inland of Alaska and Canada around over to Northeast Canada’s Atlantic coast and over to North Carolina and inland to Missippi. The southeast and winding around to the north of the Gulf of Mexico and flipping to the south and northeast. Each culture of the indigenous peoples was unique in their own way. Some were expert farmers, some civilized in their...
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...Jose Santos Professor McGuire English 111 26 July 2014 Bilingual, Bilingualism, and a Forgotten Language In the essays “Aria: a Memoir of a Bilingual Childhood” written by Richard Rodriguez and “Loss of Family Languages: Should Educators Be Concerned” written by Lily Wong Fillmore, the authors are concerned about immigrants forgetting their native languages as they get Americanized. Both authors are targeting a mature audience of immigrants, which have come to America to become citizens. Both authors use concerned tone with hopes that their audience will want to contribute to change. Furthermore, Fillmore draws her evidence from stories of other writers’ essays. Rodriguez, on the other hand illustrates his evidence from personal experiences and memories of his life while growing up. This essay exemplifies the differences and similarity of the evidence used, tones, styles, and the intended audiences. Fillmore’s and Rodriguez’s evidence are similar and different, in their support of the idea of bilingual education in schools. Fillmore’s evidence differs from Rodriguez’s as she uses statics, research, and other writer’s quotes as her support. She uses this Supreme Court’s ruling to show that the court believes immigrants require assistance staying bilingual, “… Lau v. Nichols held that these children must be provided instructional help to overcome the linguistic barrier…” (Fillmore 260). She also cites the story of a Chinese immigrant family that falls apart as the kids...
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...Jennifer Hawkinson November 18, 2014 Stage 5: Language Autobiography; Algonquian Language A Native American Language Language of any kind helps us to define or shape our culture or society. For thousands of years, we have used language as a way to communicate, trade, or to pass along our history with stories and legends. We have seen how language can grow and develop, and how it is affected by other cultures or societies. Language is always adapting just like everything else where it will flourish in some cases and disappear in others. Native Americans, such as the Powhatan Confederacy of Virginia, once thrived along the Hudson Bay area. This Confederacy consisted of twenty-eight to thirty-two different tribes, who all spoke a dialect form of the Algonquian Language. The Algonquian Language originated from the Algic Language. This language bade consisted of forty-four different sub-languages, all of which fell under the sub-language Algonquian except for two (Thompson, 2014). The Algic Language originated from Proto-Algonquian, which is the original form of all Algonquian Languages, and dates back 3,000 years (Thompson, 2014). Currently the origins of where this language first originated from or how it came about are unknown. Europeans became the first to encounter this language around 1584, when settlers began arriving in the New World (Rountree, 2014). The Algonquian Language consisted of several different sub-languages; to which different forms were spoken; dependent...
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...MN Native Americans In Minnesota there are 11 federally recognized Indian reservations. Seven of these reservations belong to the Ojibwe Indians: White Earth, Leech Lake, Red Lake, Bois Fort, Grand Portage, Fond du Lac, and Mille Lacs (Guise). The other four reservations belong to the Dakota Sioux Indians: Upper Sioux, Lower Sioux, Shakopee Mdewakanton and Prairie Island (Guise). The Ojibwe (or Anishinaabe) Indians are one of the largest Native American groups in North America (Treuer, 2010, p.5). I decided to focus my paper on learning more about the history, traditions, education and language of the Ojibwe people. History Ojibwe people originally lived in the northeastern part of North America, where their ancestors were known as the...
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...and Past Experiences |Challenges in the U.S. |American Identity |Personal Experiences and Comments | | |Is this an ethnic or racial group |Where did this group originate? How|What challenges has this |How is this group portrayed |Have you witness any racism or prejudice | | |and why? |did this group become a part of |grouped faced in the U.S.? |today in American society? |toward this group? Any additional comments? | | | |American culture? | | | | |Native Americans |This group would be considered a |This group originated in the north |The main challenge of Native |In the past, the image of the |I have no immediate experience with native | | |racial group, because of skin and|American continent. The American |Americans is that of |Native American was that of an |Americans to comment. | | |hair color, as well as facial |culture developed out of the |inclusion. They are not |uncivilized savage. More | | | |features |English colonization. Native |treated as citizens. There is |recently, the image is...
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