...Table of Contents Introduction of the Case of Foss v. Harbottle…………………………………………………………………….Pg. 2 Describe and explain the rule set out in Foss v Harbottle and identify the exceptions to the rule …………………………………………………………………………………..……Pg 3,4,5 & 6 Describe the remedies, if any, which are available for ‘minority’ shareholders who feel that they have been the victim of wrongdoing by those in a ‘majority’……….…………………...Pg 7 & 8 References………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Pg 9 & 10 Introduction of the Case of Foss v. Harbottle The Victoria Park Company is a company had been established during September 1835. This company is to establish a residential area for the prosperous business and professional families to stay. This estate will be established to the east of Wilmslow Road. Richard Foss and Edward Starkie are the minority shareholders. A bill was lodged by 2 shareholders of the company that incorporated by Art of Parliament, on their own and the other shareholders’ behalf. In the case they claim that fraudulent transactions misapplying the company’s assets did by 3 bankruptcy directors, a solicitor, proprietor and architect, and take some unqualified people to put in board of director to make it full and a company without clerk or office, in this situation the proprietors has no rights to take out the property from the hand of defendant directors. Observations were made on this point of case is that the trust between the company and company promoters...
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...Abstract Despite eating below her daily recommended calories, the patient realized that she did not have the sense of well-being she expected because she was not eating the appropriate foods. Using Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model, the nurse is able to intervene in critical areas to educate and further encourage the desired lifestyle change. The patient was able to gain the necessary tools to make the changes in her nutrition. Keyword(s): Nola Pender, Health Promotion Model Nutritional Self-Assessment There is more to eating to become healthier than just eating a smaller amount of calories. One must consider the specific foods that are being eaten and how many calories their body needs. It is important to eat a variety of foods from all of the food groups. Not only to eat a variety of foods, portion sizes and nutritional value of the foods, also play a part in a healthy lifestyle. Assessment The patient is a 36-year-old, Caucasian female. She has verbalized motivation for wanting to adopt an improved nutritional lifestyle. Her baseline knowledge of nutrition is at a good starting place. She understands that she needs to eat a certain amount of proteins, vegetables, fruits, and grains daily. This will be a good place to begin with nutrition education. She is confident in that she will be able to adopt this new lifestyle, however, she has a hectic schedule with school and that could possibly cause her to make less healthy choices. Her height is 69 inches (1.75...
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...Nola Pender was born on August 16, 1941, in Lansing, Michigan. In 1964, she earned her Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) from Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, and in 1965, received her master's degree from the same university. She went on to Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, to earn a PhD in 1969. Her model emphasizes preventative health measures and outlines the important roles that nurses’ play in helping patients prevent illness by self-care and wise choices. Dr. Pender's theory differs from most other nursing theories in that it focuses on positive nursing interventions rather than on providing care after illness has occurred. Promoting optimal health is considered more important than preventing disease. According to the theory, nurses have a primary role in teaching patients to make healthy choices and care for themselves. If patients participate in their own care and make wise choices, they will have better health and be able to prevent many illnesses and diseases. Pender believed that a person's self-definition of health had more importance than a generalized designation of health. Health seeking behaviors can be influenced by cognitive-perceptual factors such as the importance of personal health to the individual, perceived advantages of healthy living and possible disadvantages of health promoting behavior. These factors can be further modified by other considerations including interpersonal influences, cultural factors and biological...
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...Running head: RUP1 PROJECT 1 RUP1 Project Constance Tate Western Governers University A. Functional Differences The functional differences between the Oregon State Board of Nurses (OSBN) and the American Nursing Association (ANA) are varied. The State Board of Nurses is a body of nine individuals chosen by the Governor, only four of whom are Registered Nurses, and one is a nurse practitioner (Oregon State Board of Nursing, n.d.). Some of the things the Board is responsible for is the issuing and renewing of all medical licenses for nurse practitioners, registered nurses, licensed vocational nurses, and certified nursing assistants. The Board represents all the licensed nurses in the state. The Board also interprets the Nurse Practice Act and evaluates and approves nursing education programs, as well as investigates complaints and takes disciplinary action for wrong doings of nurses (Oregon State Board of Nursing, n.d.). I feel that the Nurse Practice Act written by the OSBN, is a very important body of laws. “These rules have the effect of law and help define safe and competent practice.” (Oregon.gov, n.d.) It entails guidelines to govern my practice: it covers the laws that direct how I would conduct my self in a delegation situation, how I renew my license, how I would report illegal activity and to whom, how I should ensure my legal safety when accepting assignments and floating...
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...the placenta. This illness can be challenging to diagnose and often presents in atypical fashion involving multiple organ systems. Due to lack of public awareness of this disease and atypical presentation and risk factors, it is important to provide health promotion information for the public on the potential complications. The Preeclampsia Foundation is a non-profit that provides health promotion pamphlets to health care providers on preeclampsia in its many forms. This information is provided free of charge for distribution to the provider’s at-risk patient population. According to Gonzalo (2011), health promotion is human behavior focused on the attempt of achieving personal wellness. The health promotion model developed by Nola Pender is an example of how personal experiences influenced by nursing actions can motivate a patient in avoiding health complications. The nurse assists the patient in becoming their own advocate in preventing disease or illness. This is accomplished by giving the patient access to vital health information that may affect their personal health. Gonzalo (2011) states that the goal of this model is the patient to reach self efficacy in their health care decisions and wellness. By giving pregnant women access to the signs and symptoms of HELLP syndrome, women can be vigilant in personal health protection. This is important because the onset of HELLP syndrome can be sudden and potentially become life threatening for mother and baby if not...
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...Using the health belief model, how can nurses encourage patients to make immediate and permanent behavior changes; particularly as they relate to lifestyle choices? Perceived severity is the degree to which the person attributes negative medical, clinical, or social consequences to being diagnosed with an illness. Together, perceived susceptibility and perceived severity provide motivation for reducing or eliminating such threats. The type of action taken depends on perceived benefits (beliefs about the effectiveness of different actions) and perceived barriers (potential negative aspects of particular actions). People are thought to weigh an action's effectiveness in reducing a health threat against possible negative outcomes The health promotion, have achieved through internal mechanisms intrinsic or three people, some of these are: 1. Self-care, ie, decisions and actions that the person performs for the benefit of their own health. 2. Mutual aid or that people do to help each other according to the situation they are living. 3. The creation of healthy environments or environmental conditions that promote health, such as healthy schools that constitute enhancers scenarios the capacities of children, in which health education and health promotion They are educational options for human development and values education in childhood. The health promotion in addition to personal and behavioral considers as more comprehensive strategy for implementation and dissemination...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline NUR/513 Theoretical Foundations of Practice Historical Development of Nursing Timeline With this paper the focus was on the authors focus on important nursing events from a historical perspective. In the early beginnings of nursing, religion played an important role since religious servants often provided healthcare services to the local communities. Nightingale obtained her education in Germany with Deaconess in Kaiserswerth (Gustafsson & Engström, 2011). The Deaconess movement founded several nursing schools and hospitals in the US at the same time as the Nightingale movement was established Roux & Halstead, 2009. Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale the founder of modern nursing started her nursing career in 1850s after obtaining education in Germany. In 1854 was back in England working at a small hospital. During this time Crimea war was ongoing and “Nightingale was appalled to learn that the mortality rate for British troops was 41 percent” (Roux & Halstead, 2009, pg.5). Nightingale went to the war as a nurse, and the rest is history. After the war, the Nightingale school of nursing was established. ‘Emphasis was placed on the proper education of the nurse, rather than on the needs of the hospital (Roux & Halstead, 2009, pg.6). Nightingale published Notes on Nursing in 1859 (Gustafsson & Engström, 2011) that established the foundation of the nightingale theory and foundation of what we call nursing...
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...high quality of care that midwives provide to expectant mothers, American women have few opportunities to use the service of midwives. Barriers to Midwifery care in the United States include physician opposition, public perception as substandard care, state and federal regulations, lacking of training programs, lack of acceptance among third-party payers and our political and economic environment However, midwifery has gained a foothold in the nursing profession. Their acceptance has coincided with the rise of nursing professionalism as it develops a scientific foundation for clinical practice. The middle range nursing theory known as health promotion provides a sound basis for midwifery care during the puerperium. Developed by Dr. Nola J. Pender in the 1970’s, is rooted in the social learning theory of Bandura, which...
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...Literature Review Cardiovascular Disease Susan A. Hensley Excelsior College Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the foremost origins of morbidity and mortality in the United States today, and the rates have grown exponentially over the last few decades. There is a number of health related factors and behaviors that contribute to the onset of CVD and its contribution to other well-known diseases. Implementing appropriate life style changes, certain medications, and education can contribute to the early detection of CVD and can have the potential to modify or alter the course of this deadly disease. Kehler, Christensen, Risor, Lauritzen, and Christensen (2009), reported “that patients who had a discussion with their doctor about cardiovascular disease including information about the disease, knowledge about the disease, and perception of risk and prevention strategies indicated that they were able to incorporate healthy lifestyle changes into their diet”. Through education and recognition, healthcare providers can assist patients in achieving healthy lifestyles and initiate ways to decrease risk factors associated with CVD. The health promotion model (HPM) can be utilized to enhance patients’ awareness for prevention, intervention, and perception of risks related CVD. The contents included in this paper will discuss how CVD is defined medically and through patients’ perspectives; the prevalence of CVD in the United States; precipitating factors of CVD; vulnerable...
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...Pain Management: A concept Analysis Laura Miller Sacred Heart University Pain Management: A concept Analysis Millions suffer from acute or chronic pain every year and the effects of pain exact a tremendous cost on our country in health care costs, rehabilitation and lost worker productivity, as well as the emotional and financial burden it places on patients and their families. The costs of unrelieved pain can result in longer hospital stays, increased rates of re-hospitalization, increased outpatient visits, and decreased ability to function fully leading to lost income and insurance coverage (American academy of pain medicine,2006). The most often used definition for pain is: an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage (Chandra & Ozturk, 2005, p.34; Loeser & Melzack, 1999, p.1607; McHugh & Thoms, 2001, p.33). The aim is to improve communication, develop tools to evaluate the effectiveness of pain management, and how it can be the solution in decreasing the cost of unrelieved pain, decrease re-hospitalization and also improve function and quality of life. Current use and historical perspective Individuals have a great tendency to treat their pain before seeking any medical assistance. Every culture has some type of home remedy that they rely on to treat any type of element including pain. According to Bonica, Pain is as old as humankind and Humankind has been suffering from...
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...The Historical Development of Nursing Timeline University of Phoenix Theoretical Foundations of Practice NUR/513 Alexandra Winter December 7, 2013 The Historical Development of Nursing Timeline The nursing profession continues to develop and transform in practice and roles mostly due to the development of nursing models and theories that promote evidence based practice. Nursing remains a profession of caring and service. The pioneers of this profession revolutionized this career and have allowed nursing to evolve while concurrently finding ways to provide better care. The earliest nurses did not attend nursing school; they were often women who provided care for the poor, sick or homeless without family support. In the middle ages, nurses who were affiliated with religious organizations, and they managed hospitals. In the 18th and 19th centuries, nursing expanded to include caring for soldiers wounded in war. The Civil War laid the foundation for a professional nurse. Their work changed the public's opinion about women in health care. Avant and Walker state that, “… during the mid-twentieth century and the years that followed, nursing leaders in the United States saw theory development as a means of firmly establishing nursing as a profession, and not just a task-oriented occupation with little autonomy” (Walker & Avant, 2011, Chapter 1). The historical development of nursing can best be explained using a timeline. Grand Theories – Broad Scope, General Concept...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Abstract This paper discusses a timeline of the development of nursing science history starting with Florence Nightingale to present times. Significant historical events to include dates which have enhanced the field of nursing will be discussed. Relationship between nursing science and the profession will be discussed. Influence on nursing science of other disciplines, such as philosophy, religion, education, anthropology, the social sciences, and psychology will also be included. Florence Nightingale and Nursing Timeline Florence Nightingale worked to improve the conditions of soldiers in the Crimean War (1854), and is known for laying the foundation for professional. Statistical charts and graphs were utilized by Florence Nightingale for the support of her theory as the first nursing theory. For example, her theory related to a positive, clean environment. In 1859, Florence Nightingale published a small book called Notes on Nursing, relating to how to take care of babies (Florence Nightingale). Florence Nightingale was responsible for providing a new image for female nurses as a profession. She opened the Nightingale School of Nursing, the first formal nurse training program. For example, the Nightingale Training School was opened in 1860, and modern nursing was created (Florence Nightingale). She also reformed midwife practices and established a health visitor service in Britain. Timeline: 1860- Florence Nightingale: Manipulating...
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...Health Promotion in Nursing Care In 1948 The World Health Organization (WHO) defined health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO 2012). This definition is also defined by some as holistic for including multiple health dimensions in addition to the physical. Holism represents the interaction of a person’s mind, body and spirit within the environment (Edelman, Mandle 2002). Per Edelman, health is a state of physical, mental and social functioning that realizes a person’s potential aid and developmental context. Although health is partly individual’s responsibility, it also requires collective action to ensure a society and environment.). Health promotion is the art and science helping people discover the synergies between their core passion and optimal health, enhancing their motivation to struggle to the optional health and supporting them in changing their life style to move toward a state of optional health (Michael P. O’Donnelle 2009). WHO applies the health promotion strategies and principles to a variety of population group. Health promotions effort put in to education, community development, policy and regulation are equally valid in prevention of communicable diseases, injury and violence and mental problems. The first international conference in health promotion was held in 1986 because of the need for a new world wide public health movement (WHO 1986). During the conference, the stated...
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...As nurses working in the healthcare profession we have the responsibility to protect every individual and the population as a whole as a whole susceptible to certain diseases. Preventing and reducing illness is as important as dealing with the effect. Nurses work with other healthcare professionals to address the factors that cause people to become susceptible to certain diseases and help them through a combination of educational and environmental supports for actions and conditions of living conducive to wellness. Nurses are part of the answer because they are well equipped to interact with our community in ways that encourages choices and openness to decisions that have a more positive impact on lifestyles and health outcomes`According to the American Journal of Health promotion Health Promotion “Health Promotion is the science and the art of helping people change their lifestyles to move toward an optimal health.” From my point of view it is also the process enabling people to take action in taking control over their health through educational and environmental support of others. Others believe Health promotion encompasses principles of addressing broad determinants of health by means of developing healthy public policy creating supportive environments strengthening community action, developing personal skills. As a theory Health Promotion remains an essential guide in addressing the major health challenges faced by developing countries. Nurses are the key health professional...
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...Family Health Risk Assessment Athena Farella RN, CVN NURS 3200 Professional Nursing Practice: Health Promotion in the Community Kean UniversityProfessor Denise Van Sandt – Smith MSN, RN Professor Ruth Gorrell MSN, RN Professor Keddi Koovits, MSN, RN Abstract The B family lives in Marlboro, New Jersey. They are a family of four leading a very busy daily routine. Through changes in family structure, work routines along with an increase in daily activities of the children Mr. and Mrs. B family express concerns about finding ways to incorporate nutrition, health and exercise into their daily routines. They are meeting with a nurse through in home visits to learn ways to promote a healthy diet and lifestyle. The B family, through education, health promoting behaviors and following proper nutrition guidelines have begun to reduce their risk of heart disease and obesity. Family Health Risk Assessment Identifying Data The B family is a middle class nuclear family living. Their family was a traditional nuclear family after the births of their children with Mr. B working and Mrs. B staying home with the children, but is considered slightly less than traditional as Mrs. B has returned to work. The B family is a dual-parent family living in a middle class suburban neighborhood in Marlboro, N.J. Both parents work full time outside of the home with Mr. B traveling frequently for work. Both children attend public schools and are bussed to and from school daily. Mrs...
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