...Archive of SID CME Article Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Jamali R1*, Jamali A 2 1- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I. R. Iran 2-Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran Received March 2, 2010; Accepted May 22, 2010 Abstract: Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is among the prevalent causes of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Here, we discuss the best diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the disease. Materials and Methods: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, etiologies, natural course, differential diagnosis, treatment options, complications and follow up of the disease are reviewed in this paper. Results: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease seems to be the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Liver function tests and sonography can be used as the appropriate screening tests for diagnosis. Weight loss and control of hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus might be the best therapeutic approaches. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment may decrease mortality and morbidity rate associated to the cardiovascular complications of the metabolic syndrome. Keywords: Fatty liver, Insulin resistance, Metabolic syndrome x, Diabetes mellitus, Obesity, Therapy * Corresponding Author. Email: raika.jamali@gmail.com Tel: 0098 361 555 0026 Fax: 0098 361 555 8900 Conflict of Interests: No Feyz, Journal of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Summer...
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...Nunn, Brandon English Brooks English 1010 4 October 2015 Mark Bittman’s “The Food Industry’s Solution to Obesity” For decades, obesity has been a major problem in American society. Some attribute this to the laziness or lack of ambition of Americans. Others blame the marketing strategies of big name food companies. Mark Bittman attributes it to big name food companies not distributing “healthy” food to the public. He insists that they instead distribute food that is terrible for you. Loaded down with excess amounts of sugar, calories, and fats, the food companies have begun to appear to be selling “better” food to society. In his article, “Parasites, Killing Their Hosts: The Food Industry’s Solution to Obesity,” he dives deeper into the corrupted world of public health versus company profit. Published in the New York Times on June 17, 2014, his article covers the world of obesity and how the food industry contributes to this dystopia we’re working towards. Mark Bittman is an American food journalist, columnist for the New York Times, and author of 14 books and cookbooks. One of these books was awarded the James Beard Award for General Cooking. Working for the New York Times since 1996, Bittman has slowly worked his way up to the current lead food writer for the paper. He has been featured on NPR, The Today Show, and PBS’s 2008 American food and travel series “Spain…on the Road Again." As Bittman writes his article he begins to analyze how little the food industry really...
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...Apple peel compound boosts calorie burning, reduces obesity in mice Obesity and its associated problems such as diabetes and fatty liver disease are increasingly common global health concerns. A new study by University of Iowa researchers shows that a natural substance found in apple peel can partially protect mice from obesity and some of its harmful effects. The findings suggest that the substance known as ursolic acid reduces obesity and its associated health problems by increasing the amount of muscle and brown fat, two tissues recognized for their calorie-burning properties. The study, which was published June 20 in the journal PLoS ONE, was led by Christopher Adams, M.D., Ph.D., UI associate professor of internal medicine and a Faculty Scholar at the Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center at the UI. “From previous work, we knew that ursolic acid increases muscle mass and strength in healthy mice, which is important because it might suggest a potential therapy for muscle wasting," Adams says. "In this study, we tested ursolic acid in mice on a high-fat diet -- a mouse model of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Once again, ursolic acid increased skeletal muscle. Interestingly, it also reduced obesity, pre-diabetes and fatty liver disease. "Since muscle is very good at burning calories, the increased muscle in ursolic acid-treated mice may be sufficient to explain how ursolic acid reduces obesity. However, we were surprised to find that ursolic acid...
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...Step 1 1. Non-communicable diseases are an important health challenge in the Pacific. Comment. 2. Non-communicable diseases are an important health challenge in the Pacific. 3. Non-communicable diseases- killer disease/ non contagious disease Important-vital/ significant Health- wellness/well-being/fitness Challenge-issue/problems/ summon/dare Pacific- Oceania /region 4. Direction word-Comment Meaning-remark that gives an opinion, interpret or explain something 5. The vital of wellness in the region is issued by killer diseases. 6. How does NCDs become an important health challenge in the Pacific? Step 2 1. diabetes, smoking, style of living, majority of the Pacific people has it, deadly disease, can be avoided individually, food, morally contagious, advertisements, expensive, Government should impose law to reduce it, raise awareness, alcohol, culture, lazy 2. For (solution) | Against (problem) | Raise Awareness | Style of living | Government Policy | Deadly disease | Government Help | Advertisements | 3. Ads. Ads. Deadly disease Deadly disease Style of living Style of living Govt. help Govt. help Govt. Policy Govt. Policy Awareness Awareness NCDs in the Pac NCDs in the Pac Problems Problems Solutions Solutions Step 3 Readings (2 articles in IA) | Problems (written in point form) | Solution (written in point form) | Reference | Article 1:Honiara Communiqué on the Pacific Non-communicable disease crisis(Online) | * Deadly Disease75%...
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...Infectious diseases are now the world's biggest killer of children and young adults. They account for more than 13 million deaths a year - one in two deaths in developing countries. Over the next hour alone, 1 500 people will die from an infectious disease - over half of them children under five (WHO, 1999). The main causes of these deaths from infectious diseases occur in developing countries - the countries with the least money to spend on health care. Instead of this, in wealthy countries people are suffering from non-communicable diseases, just because of their illness related behaviour.Non communicable diseases are the top cause of death worldwide, killing more than 36 million people in 2008. Cardiovascular diseases were responsible for 48% of these deaths, cancers 21%, chronic respiratory diseases 12%, and diabetes 3% (WHO, 2011). This health inequality effects not just how people live, but often dictates how and at what age they die. In this essay I would like to reflect upon the main causes, preventions about all diseases whether it is infectious or lifestyle related diseases, and my response to the global health inequalities that is existing. According to Willi (2004) the sociological imagination consist of four interrelated parts:1) Historical factors, 2) Cultural factors, 3) Structural factors, and 4) Critical factors. I would like to explain historical factors in relation of my topic. I am born and grew up in Asian region, there People are likely to try native...
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...and protecting public health Intro Communicable diseases are diseases that can be spread and it can be passed from one person to another through communication, food and through contaminated water. When a person has the fluby them covering their mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing, can minimise the rate of spreading the diseases. The communicable disease I have chosen to explain is STD which stands for ‘Sexually Transmitted Disease’. STD is an infection that happens through sexual contact so by engaging in intimate sexual contact such as vaginal or anal intercourse with a person who is already infected. Both heterosexuals and homosexuals can get STDs. There are STDs that are caused by bacteria or viruses. Such as bacteria STDs are chlamydia which is the most common bacteria STD, Gonorrhoea which is common in women, syphilis, and thrush. They can be cured with antibiotics. While virus...
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...occurring across the world in which the burden of disease is transitioning from a high burden of infectious disease to a high burden of chronic disease and illness (1). This transition to a high non communicable disease burden is at its most advanced stage in westernized high income countries, yet as middle and low income countries become more modernized they too follow in this similar epidemic transition path (1). As they follow the epidemiological pathway paved by high income countries, low and middle income countries are especially vulnerable to the negative impacts of this transition both on a population and healthcare system level (2) with low and middle income countries housing 80% of all fatalities due to...
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...Red Crescent Societies Control of communicable diseases 7 This measles 'jab' will help prevent this child from the consequences of measles such as pneumonia, malnutrition, blindness and brain disease. Photo:Marko Kokic,Canadian Red Cross Control of communicable diseases in emergencies Description This chapter gives an overview of common and emerging communicable disease threats among displaced populations because of natural and human-made disasters. General and disease-specific strategies for monitoring, preventing and controlling disease outbreaks are discussed. Learning objectives To review communicable diseases of public health importance; To discuss the basic principles for communicable disease control in emergency and post-conflict situations; To plan a communicable disease control programme for emergency settings; To discuss simple but effective ways of preventing outbreaks of communicable diseases; To describe how to manage specific disease outbreaks in emergency settings; To review re-emerging and other diseases that may affect displaced populations; To discuss how to monitor and evaluate communicable disease control programmes. Key competencies Identify communicable diseases of public health importance; Discuss the basic principles for communicable disease control in emergency and post-conflict situations; Discuss how to design and evaluate disease control programmes; Describe common disease control strategies including prevention...
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...D2: evaluate the effectiveness of methods used to promote and protect public health for the two named disease. Introduction: The two diseases i will be explaining is non- communicable disease which is stroke and also communicable disease such as the tuberculosis. I will be talking about both identifying and explaining the different methods which are used to prevent and control these deadly diseases. however, i will also be evaluating the effective of these methods are providing facts and figures to support their outcomes and weighing up the strengths and weaknesses of each method. Non-communicable disease: Stroke I will be discussing a very common non- communicable disease which is ‘stroke’, stroke cannot be spread and that’s why its...
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...Non-communicable diseases are very important to know about because anyone could get one, since they can’t be spread. One non-communicable disease is a chronic respiratory disease, Asthma. Asthma is a disease that some people get. It’s a disease where someone’s airways become inflamed and swell up, they produce extra mucus, and it’s harder for them to breath. Asthma is a very common disease amongst people, and there’s more than 3 million cases per year. Asthma is a very important disease to discuss because it can be very dangerous, since it affects someone’s breathing. Asthma can either be a minor condition or it can affect someone’s daily activities. Symptoms of Asthma would be difficulty breathing, chest pain, coughing, and even wheezing....
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...also welcome the possibility of various communicable diseases that are prone to present during the winter season. Diseases such as pneumonia, measles, chickenpox, and influenza are some of the diseases that make their annual debut during the winter season. These diseases affect certain parts of the body in which compromise ones health in one way or the other. Influenza is a communicable infectious viral disease which has the potential to occur as a pandemic, epidemic, or outbreak. Each year the influenza vaccine is offered in order to prevent and/or lessen the effect of the disease. In this paper the communicable disease influenza and its effect of the body and environment will be discussed. Communicable diseases are diseases that can be spread from person to person. In order for communicable diseases to make an impact, transmission of the infection must be evident from person to person. When large populations are infected with a disease, whether it is communicable or non-communicable, and epidemiology comes into play. Smith and Maurer describe epidemiology as the study of communicable diseases affecting large groups of people or populations (2009). Prevention play a major role in regards to preventing and decreasing the transmission of communicable diseases. Communicable diseases have chains called the epidemiologic triangle. In order to interrupt transmission, the triangle must be broken at the weakest link. The communicable disease chain includes the infectious agent which...
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...Unit 12: Public Health Contents No. | Title | Page no. | 1 | P1: Describe key aspects of public health | 3 | 2 | P2: Describe the origins of public health policy in the UK from the 19th century to the present day | 4-5 | 3 | P3: Describe current patterns of ill health and how they are monitored | 6 | 4 | P4: Explain the main factors affecting current patterns of health in the UK | 7-8 | 5 | P5: Explain health promotion and protection | 9 | 6 | P6: Explain appropriate methods of prevention/control for a named communicable and a named non-communicable disease | 10 | | Bibliography | 11 | P1: Describe key aspects of public health These are the key aspects of public health: 1) Monitoring health status – They do this by tracking changes in the health of the population and alerting people to potential problems, like the rising levels of obesity within the population....
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...Discuss the impacts of one non-communicable disease (15 marks) Non-communicable diseases are said to be diseases of lifestyle, and obesity, a disease in which someone’s BMI is 30 or over is now a very common, yet preventable, disease with many impacts. 67% of people in the UK have weight issues, with 1 in 4 being obese and an extra 40% being overweight; it has even been suggested that it has ‘pandemic proportions’ due to its global reach – in 2008, 10% of the world was said to be obese. The WHO claim obesities recent rise has been due to two factors: ‘an increased intake of energy-dense foods that are high in fat; and an increase in physical inactivity due to the increasingly sedentary nature of many forms of work, changing modes of transportation, and increasing urbanisation’. The main issue with the former is that the energy-dense, high in fat foods are cheap. This means they’re affordable for people who lack money for more nutritious food and so globally there has been a massive increase in the purchasing of high fat foods – especially in the areas where expensive, healthier food isn’t available. But just what are the impacts of such a large scale problem? Three main issues have arisen from obesity, these being: social, political, and economical – all of which link but also differ in their affects. The health implications of having a raised BMI are very severe; high blood pressure and high cholesterol are just two of many possible communicable diseases that are a result of obesity...
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...effectiveness of the social model in explaining the increasing prevalence of health conditions related to the obesity epidemic. During the early part of the 20th century, infectious diseases predominated as the highest cause of mortality in both developing and non-developing counties affecting 42% of the world’s population (Tulchinsky and Varavikova,2000; Boutayeb and Boutayeb,2005). This is the era that was heavily reliant on the biomedical model to diagnose illness which focused primarily on the proximal causes of disease (factors that act directly to cause a disease) and was confined to the objective measures for disease treatment (diagnosis solely based on medical facts without considering other possibilities)(Johnson,2012). Since the leading causes of death at those times were infections based i.e. pneumonia (11.8%), T.B. (11.3%) and diarrhoea (8.3%) (National Office of Vital Statistics,1947), the biomedical model’s germ theory which stated that all diseases were caused by pathogens that lead to a biological defect in the body, proved to be effective in the treatment and understanding of the communicable diseases(Johnson,2012). However, this also meant that the biomedical model was only limited to the biological factors (faulty genes, infections etc.) of disease and failed to acknowledge other diseases whose symptoms could not be explained in biological terms...
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...Rebecca Kregar Professor Wilder 18, January 2018 ITP - 1500 Chapter 1 Discussion Questions 1. Discuss the shift from communicable diseases that once prematurely cut short life to an increased prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases that add years of disability. Why have these chronic diseases become more common? How have demographics contributed? (In other words, consider changes in population size and the age of populations.) What risk factors contribute to the top causes of death and disability? The change from communicable diseases made a jump from once cutting lives too short before their due time to an increasing number of non-communicable chronic diseases that now no longer kill but add years of hardship and pain that causes...
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