...attractive characteristic of a corporation.(p457) A company whose shares are not traded on the open market, which is opposite from a public company, is a private company. Public corporation may also refer to a government-owned corporation A cooperative is an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly-owned and democratically-controlled enterprise A cooperative may also be defined as a business owned and controlled equally by the people who use its services or who work at it. legal entity Although the term may be used loosely to describe a way of working, a cooperative properly so-called is a legal entity owned and democratically controlled equally by its members. A defining point of a cooperative is that the members have a close association with the enterprise as producers or consumers of its products or services, or as its employees. In some countries, there are specific forms of incorporation for co-operatives. Cooperatives may take the form of companies limited by shares or by guarantee, partnerships or unincorporated associations. In the USA, cooperatives are often organized as non-capital stock corporations under state-specific cooperative laws. However, they may also be unincorporated associations or business corporations such as limited liability companies or partnerships; such forms are useful when the members want to...
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...Calgary Funeral Services Cooperative Business Plan DRAFT AUGUST 8, 2011 Contents 1.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1 1.1 Executive Summary 1 1.2 Comparative Cooperative Model 2 1.3 Feasibility Study and Background Research 3 2.0 Business Description 5 2.1 Corporate Structure 5 2.2 Business Objectives 7 2.3 Market Assessment 7 2.4 Products & Services 8 2.5 Location 10 2.6 Human Resources 11 2.7 Regulatory Issues 12 3.0 MARKETING STRATEGY 13 3.1 Pricing Strategy 15 3.2 Customer Service 16 4.0 FINANCIAL PLAN 17 4.1 Capitalization Strategy 17 4.2 Sales & Income Projections 18 4.3 Critical Factors 19 1.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1.1 Executive Summary The Calgary Cooperative Funeral Service seeks to create a cooperative enterprise to provide funeral services that are modestly priced and environmentally friendly within the Calgary market. Based on an initial membership the founding organizations - cooperatives in Calgary, Calgary Legions, Churches and individual Calgarians, with a combined member share/loan offering and bank loan for a combined total of $525,000, this business plan calls for the enterprise to reach positive cash flow toward the end of the 3rd year of operation. The business model seeks to establish funeral/crematoria services which is centrally located and would service the members of the founding organizations as well as the funeral needs...
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...CHAPTER XI: SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO AGRARIAN REFORM COOPERATIVES Section 88: Coverage The provision of this Chapter shall primarily govern agrarian reform cooperatives: Provided, that the provisions of other chapter of this Code shall be applied except insofar as this Chapter otherwise provides. Section 89: Definition and Purpose Agrarian Reform cooperative members are the Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries and Farmers Following purposes: * To develop appropriate system for land tenure, land development and management. Provide assistance in storage transport, marketing of farm products, financial facilities to beneficiaries for a reasonable cost, and arrange transfer of suitable technology in low cost. * To provide social security, medical, social insurance, non-formal education, vocational, technical training livelihood programs and promote the general welfare of agrarian reform beneficiaries and marginal farmers * To undertake comprehensive, integrated development program like agro-based, marine based, cottage based industries and act as a channel for external assistance for the beneficiaries. Section 90: Cooperative Estates Landholdings, plantations, haciendas acquired by the state of the workers in accordance with comprehensive agrarian reform program shall be owned collectively by the workers and beneficiaries Section 91: Infrastructure Government shall grant to agrarian reform cooperative the preferential treatment, authority to construct, maintain...
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...Transcript 1. Cooperative Identity, Values, Principles, Governance and Best Practices and Gentle Balanced Leadership By: Josefina B. Bitonio Supervising CDS A Lecture – Presentation for the 4th PamBuhay Parents Council Congress November 2, 2013 DMMMSU, Agoo, La Union 2. Cooperative Identity Groups of individual around the world and throughout time have worked together in the pursuit of human goals. Example of cooperation, collective action can be traced back to our prehistoric predecessors who recognized the advantages of hunting, gathering, and living in groups rather than on their own. 3. The earliest cooperative associations were created in Europe and North America during the 17th and 18th centuries. The pioneers of the Rochdale society in the 19th century England are celebrated for launching the modern cooperative movement. 4. The historical development of cooperative businesses can not be disconnected from the social and economic forces that shaped them. Cooperatives, then and now were created in times and places of economic stress and pressing social problems. 5. Due to their democratic organization and their economic orientation ‐ cooperatives contribute significantly to social integration, job creation and the reduction of poverty. Cooperatives are thus stabilizing regional economic cycles and can generate regional employment. The United Nations general assembly declared 2012 as the international year of cooperatives and thus acknowledges their...
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...By Laws Unlike Articles of Incorporation, Bylaws do not need to filed with the state. However, Bylaws are an important document that lays out how the cooperative is to be governed. The governing body (whether it consists of an elected Board of Directors or all members of a collective[1]) must abide the Bylaws. Typically, a cooperative’s Bylaws can only be changed by a democratic vote (or in some cases, consensus [2]) of the membership. For this reason, cooperatives usually limit their Bylaws to fundamental governance-level issues. More specific operational procedures may be documented in policy manuals or handbooks, which can be changed as needed by Directors, (co-)managers, committee members, staff, or other bodies using approved decision-making processes. Bylaws are organized into sections, and most sections are broken up into subsections. In this document, only the lengthier sections are broken up into subsections for ease of reading. However, shorter sections can benefit from being broken down as well. Bylaws can be easily referenced when numbers or letters are assigned to sections and subsections. ------------------------------------------------- Cooperative Bylaws should include: I. Mission, purpose, and legal structure This section often includes the cooperative’s mission statement, vision statement, or stated purpose.[3] This is also a good place to restate the information outlined in the Articles of Incorporation. The Bylaws should agree...
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...Organizations often implement a best practice or a best fit approach to strategic human resource management. A best practice approach would suggest that a set of universal practices could be applied to various different organizations in various different trades. On the other hand, a best fit approach to strategic human resource management would suggest that different practises would need to be put into play depending on different variables such as company culture, processes and external environmental factors. A best practice approach could be beneficial to an organizations attempt of strategic HRM as it would help the organization to make a profit and to obtain their long-term goals. In order to ensure that they are using a best practice approach, the organization would need to make strategic changes to the recruitment and selection process, rewards, training and to ensure that employees remain motivated and committed. A best practice approach could also be beneficial to strategic human resource management as best practice activities often strive to improve overall performance of an organization by selecting key best practices that may better the company such as training, appraisal and reward systems. A best practice approach may also be beneficial to an organization in terms of finding a solution, as the best practice approach is more universal, the solutions are proven to have been successful with other companies. The best fit approach to strategic HRM would entail ensuring...
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...INTRODUCTION Cooperative is an association of persons who have voluntarily joined together to achieve a common end through the formation of democratically controlled organization, making equitable contributions to the capital require and accepting a fair share of the risks and benefits of the undertaking in which the members actively participate. Cooperative enterprises have been known in the Philippines in the form of multi-purpose cooperative, insurance cooperative, loan cooperative, etc. As a part of the community these cooperative enterprises have social responsibility to the community they are in. These cooperative enterprises have different ways to ensure that their social responsibilities are delivered to the community. One of them is community outreach activities, in the forms of programs that could help the people inside the community. Community outreach activities are ways of improving the corporate social responsibility of a cooperative enterprise. 1 1 Corporate Social Responsibility is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. CSR policy functions as a self-regulatory mechanism whereby a business monitors and ensures its active compliance with the spirits of the law, ethical standards and national or international norms. Wikipedia. One of the well-known cooperative here in Taguig City is the Simbayanan Ni Maria Multi-Purpose Cooperative. It was...
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...| REGIONAL DISPARITY IN AGRICULTURAL CREDIT | | | Arvind Kumar Jha | PGDMA 1206 | | ABSTRACT The Eleventh Five year plan makes specific focus on the inclusive growth of the economy. It implies that the growth process that experienced over the years were not sufficiently inclusive of all. Although there had been substantial reduction of poverty over past few decades during the five year plans, the core content of the rural poverty remained intractable. In fact, upto Ten Five year plan envisaged balanced regional development and equality and employment. But the growth of population and urban biased industrial development have left out the backward section of population and the rural sector in general un-addressed. The agricultural credit policies and the economic reform in general aim to have positive influence on the total volume of institutional credit. However, the rural banking system in India made tremendous quantitative achievement by neglecting the qualitative aspects of the credit delivery system. The inequalities in the banking system across the regions and social classes persisted. Hence, it is mandatory to understand the regional disparity in the distribution of agricultural credit. In context to Agricultural credit, Southern Region (Rs.101659 crore) dominated the other region Northern Region (Rs.69630 crore), Central region (Rs.45988 crore) Western region (Rs.61613 crore), Eastern Region (Rs.26760 crore)and Northeastern region(Rs.2436...
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...ABSTRACT Organizational Structure can improve the working condition of an organization and a poor structure can ruin all the possibilities of openness, dynamism and decision-making. Organizational effectiveness on the other hand, is the extent to which an organization, given certain resources and means, achieves its objectives without placing undue strain on its members. Another important role is played by the technology. More an organization is able to adapt itself to the changing technology the better will be its efficiencies. In the present research paper a relationship between the designs of an organization with its operational efficiency indicators has been examined in the context of Amul.. The factors were studied in context to a cooperative form of organization and while comparing with the corporate form, it was found that the design of the basic structure is somewhat different as it believes in the federal form of structure each unit is independent of each...
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...Novaliches Development Cooperative (NOVADECI) in providing health care and medical services to its members. NOVADECI is a cooperative initiated by market vendors in 1976 in a bustling urban community. It started its operations in the town of Novaliches and has since then widened its scope of operation to include the areas of Caloocan and Quezon City, two highly urbanized and populous cities in the Philippines. Quezon City is home to many government and private offices, shopping malls and public markets, schools and universities and sprawling residential areas for both the rich and the poor. NOVADECI had a very rocky beginning, borne out of desperation and necessity for a small group of market vendors who were struggling to keep their businesses afloat in the face of changing market conditions, lack of support from or access to government and banking institutions and perennial dependence on usurious money lenders. Over the years they have realized that their margins-of-profit were being eaten away by the high interest rates they have to pay on loans. In 1976, a tipping point came when the slaughterhouse on which they were getting their meat supplies was ordered closed by the city government due to poor sanitation. A small group of 15 market vendors decided to close ranks and put their heads together. They poured out their collective grievances and brainstormed on alternative solutions. Through the assistance of leaders from a marketing cooperative, The National Market...
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...NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ------------------------------------------------- MAJOR IN MARKETING NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POBLACION, SAN ISIDRO NUEVA ECIJA COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY NUEVA ECIJA ELETRIC COOPERATIVE, INC. MALAPIT, SAN ISIDRO NUEVA ECIJA IVAN JOMAR V. CARDANO BSBA 4B MARKETING MAJOR NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ------------------------------------------------- MAJOR IN MARKETING ACKNOWLEDEMENT I wish to extend my deepest and sincerest gratitude to the following for their invaluable help which this training could not have been completed: First, to our Almighty God, for His unconditional love and for all the blessing He is showering upon me each day of my life. With love and gratitude, I thank Him for guiding me during my training and for making this On-the-Job Training a possible one. For the provision and wisdom He has bestowed upon me, for keeping me and my love ones always safe, for giving me enough knowledge and ability to perform each task that was assigned to me and for the challenges He has given me that made me stronger than ever. I thank Him for His comfort during the times that I am about to give up. By His grace, I was able to finish this training without any conflict. Most of all, I thank Him for His Word that keeps on reminding me that “I can do all...
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...MODULE - 1 Forms of Business Organisation Business Environment 3 Notes FORMS OF BUSINESS ORGANISATION 3.0 INTRODUCTION After identifying the business in any field e.g., Insurance, it is necessary then to have a legal entity to be known in the society. The legal entity can be in any form of a business organization. The various forms of organization are as follows: 1) Sole proprietorship 2) Partnership 3) Co-operative Society 4) Joint stock company (Private and Public) These are explained in brief as follows:3.1 OBJECTIVES At the end of this lesson you will be able to know Various forms of organization Its formation & features Merits & Demerits 3.2 SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP 3.2.1 Meaning: The sole proprietorship is a form of business that is owned, managed and controlled by an individual. He has to arrange capital for the business and he alone is responsible for its management. He is therefore, entitled to the profits and has 24 DIPLOMA IN INSURANCE SERVICES Forms of Business Organisation MODULE - 1 Business Environment to bear the loss of business, however, he can take the help of his family members and also make use of the services of others such as a manager and other employees. This type of business organisation is also called single ownership or single proprietorship. If the business primarily consists of trade, the organization is a sole trading organization. Small factories and shops are often found to...
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...humanity, that is, since the time that human beings started living together on the basis of family unit and or in a community. Co-operation is customary and instinctive solidarity. The first co-operative act of man was when the first human family started gathering food even before agriculture was invented (Mbat, 2000). The more advanced forms of traditional co-operation is demonstrated in saving and lending, joint action, joint possession of land. They did not leave life’s risks and emergence to chances. They developed various patterns of mutual assistance, reduced them to custom, and handed them down as tradition and as a legacy from the past through formal and informal education. 1.2 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY All over the world, cooperatives are instrumental in social and...
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...FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 1. What is a cooperative? A cooperative is a duly registered association of persons with a common bond of interest who have voluntarily joined together to achieve a lawful, common social or economic end and who contribute equitably to the capital required and accept a fair share of the risk and benefits of the undertaking in accordance with universally accepted cooperative principles [Chapter I Art.2 Sec.8 of RA 6938]. 2. What government agency is charged with promotion and development of cooperative? The Cooperative Development Authority (CDA) which was created by Republic Act No. 6939 is the government agency that has the obligation to promote and help develop cooperatives. 3. What is meant by the registration of cooperative? In law, the registration of the cooperative is the operative act that grants juridical personality to a proposed cooperative and is evidenced by a certificate of registration [Art. 5, par. 7]. 4. What other documents have to be submitted to CDA for purposes of the registration of a cooperative? Document that describes the structure, purposes and economic feasibility of a cooperative that is being organized, its area of operation, the size of membership and other pertinent data are required to be submitted to the CDA [Art. 11] 5. With what CDA office may cooperatives be registered? To facilitate registration, applicants for registration should go to the nearest CDA office, which is located in the regional centers...
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...1. What are the key factors in determining if this is a viable business opportunity for Josh, Hannah and Matthew The first step that everyone should go through is to ask the question, is the market real? In order to do so, the first thing you want to do is conduct what we call a customer analysis. You can do that perhaps in a very technical way, by conducting surveys. Or perhaps, in a less technical way, you can attempt to answer the question, “Who is my customer?” What does the customer want to buy? When does the customer want to buy? What price is the customer willing to pay? So, asking the “W questions” — who, where, what, when — is the first step. At the end of the day, the one thing every entrepreneur is looking for is revenue, and the revenue will come from customers. That is why you need to ask yourself, is there a market here? The second thing you want to ask yourself is, who else is supplying that particular market? That is what we call competitor analysis. Ask yourself who else is in this market, and what are they doing for the customers. Are they supplying a similar substitute product or service as you have in mind? That is the second thing you have to establish, and by doing that, you can understand better what need is not met at the moment. That will also give you the opportunity to zero in on the price points and feature points of where you can differentiate yourself from existing players in the market. You also need to conduct a broader industry analysis to...
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