...Children’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment Functional Health Pattern Assessment (FHP) | Toddler Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Autonomy vs. Shame (McLeod, 2013) | Preschool-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Initiative vs. Guilt (McLeod, 2013) | School-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Industry vs. Inferiority (McLeod, 2013) | Pattern of Health Perception and Health Management: (Edelman, 2010) (Jarvis, 2012) (McLeod, 2013) List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. | Able to express feeling bad/sick but have little understanding of the meaning of health. Depend on the caregiver for health management. Ready for independent activities. Often imitate parents or caregivers. Ex. brushing teeth on their own but unaware of the health benefits. | Able to verbalize when in pain or not feeling well. Curious about their body and its functions. View the internal body to be hollow. | Aware of how their body functions and when it is sick or not functioning properly. Have abstract thought and understand the definition of health and factors causing illness. Cultural influences contribute to their perception of illness. | | Risk for injury r/t accidental exposure and environmental dangers. Risk for poor health maintenance r/t caregiver knowledge deficit. | Risk...
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...Hypogonadism is a medical term which describes a diminished functional activity of the gonads – the testes and ovaries in males and females, respectively – that may result in diminished sex hormone biosynthesis and impaired gamete production and/or regulation. Low androgen (e.g., testosterone) levels are referred to as hypoandrogenism and low estrogen (e.g., estradiol) as hypoestrogenism, and may occur as symptoms of hypogonadism in both sexes, but are generally only diagnosed in males and females respectively. Other hormones produced by the gonads which may be decreased by hypogonadism include progesterone, DHEA, anti-Müllerian hormone, activin, and inhibin. Spermatogenesis and ovulation in males and females, respectively, may be impaired by hypogonadism, which, depending on the degree of severity, may result in partial or complete infertility. Contents 1 Classification 1.1 Affected system 1.2 Primary or secondary 1.3 Congenital vs. acquired 1.4 Hormones vs. fertility 2 Symptoms 2.1 In both sexes 2.2 Exclusively in men 2.3 Exclusively in women 3 Diagnosis 3.1 In men 3.2 In women 4 Treatment 5 Testosterone and longevity 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Classification Main article: Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism Main article: Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism Main article: Isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism Deficiency of sex hormones can result...
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...The Left Brain vs. the Right Brain: How Does This Impact Learning COLL 100 AMU Janice Flegle The Left Brain vs. the Right Brain: How Does This Impact Learning Everyone has a brain and without it they would not be alive. As with anything, everyone’s brain is different and how someone learns can be influenced by their brain. This paper will discuss a basic biology of the brain, the right brain, the left brain, and brain injury. Hopefully this information will help to determine how learning can be done and possible ways to improve learning skills. The first thing discussed will be the basics of how the brain works. The brain is made up of neurons that form tracts throughout the brain and these tracts carry messages to various parts of the brain (Living with brain injury, 2012). Even something as simple as breathing is controlled by the brain and that is done automatically. The brain is divided into multiple sections called lobes and they include the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, the cerebellum, and the brain stem (Living with brain injury, 2012). Each section, or lobe, has different functions, such as the occipital lobe controls vision, the cerebellum helps us keep our balance, and the temporal lobe stores our memories (Living with brain injury, 2012). When the left and right brain are used together the whole brain is utilized. With whole brain thinking the greater the connection between both halves, the chances for learning...
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...Psychology vs. Normal Psychology: Is it so different? What is normal? What is abnormal? In today’s society what was once considered normal is not so normal anymore, in fact abnormal. If a person’s thoughts or behaviors are causing them personal discomfort or unhappiness, then they would be considered abnormal? Thus, haven’t we all felt this one way or another through our life? The difference with abnormal psychology to normal psychology is the most common way to diagnose one’s behavior is by the ability to be Maladaptive. Breaking this ability down in to two aspects makes this criteria more flexible and common. Maladaptive to one’s self is the inability to reach goals, to adapt to the everyday demands of life. Secondly, there is Maladaptive to society, which is the interference within in social functioning.(Spoor 1999) Falling into one of these two categories would land you into the category of a mental illness. This may sound drastic and quite frankly scary but today’s society has made what was normal to be abnormal. Depression and anxiety may be more common then one would think, in fact these disorders are able to directly affect the individual and those around them, blocking the growth and fulfillment of their potential.(Spoor 1999) Symptoms that may lead a clinical diagnosis of these illnesses or many others are disruptive behavior, bizarre behavior, impaired functioning, and long periods of discomfort. The treatment of these symptoms has revolutionized normal psychology...
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...found her lying on the floor in her home. Pts family brought her to live with them but pt continued to have episodes of falling and hitting her head. Pt was taken to the ER and given a Ct of the brain where all results turned up normal. After at least 5 more falls the pts family took her back to the hospital with complaints of chest pain and palpitations. Pt was more confused than usual & and was having increased difficulty in gait. Physician suspected pt to have some left-sided weakness greater than left-sided weakness and chest pain. A second CT of the brain turned up normal. VS stable, but pt remains confused, weak, & complains of some dizziness and palpitations. Physician referred pt for admission to nursing home with admitting chief complains: chest pain, palpitations and frequent falls. PRESENT ILLNESS HISTORY: Patient currently has a diagnosis of essential (primary) hypertension, chest pain, palpitations, chronic kidney disease, dementia w/o behavioral disturbances, hyperlipidemia, and anemia. *Give a brief definition/description of each diagnosis. Essential hypertension is another term for high blood pressure. It is a systolic reading that is above 140 or a diastolic reading that is above 90 continuously. 120/90 is a normal blood pressure reading. (Burton & Ludwig. 2015, Pg. 345) Hyperlipidemia is a condition where high levels of fat accumulate in the blood (Hopper & Williams. 2015, pg. 471). Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a disease that damages...
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...Gil v. Winn Dixie Stores-American Disabilities Act (ADA) In 1990, the Americans with Disabilities (ADA) was passed. This federal law prohibits the discrimination against those that are disabled. A person is considered disable if they have a physical or mental impairment and cannot perform normal life activities. An example of a type of disability is visual impairment. In the case of Gil vs. Winn Dixie (2016), the plaintiff, Juan Carlos Gil suffers from blindness and sued Winn Dixie for violating Title III of the ADA. Gil sued Winn-Dixie for their website coupons not being accessible or readable for those who are visually impaired. He also sued them for the difficulty to locate the pharmacy tab to refill prescriptions online. Title III of...
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...31/03/2015 Australian School of Business Australian School of Business Objective Australian School of Business 1. Understand the mechanics of revaluing assets. 2. Understand the mechanics of impairment testing. 3. Revisit the accounting treatment of inventory. ACCT1511 4. Be technically competent in journal entries and T-accounts relevant to asset revaluation, intangible assets, and inventory measurement. Topic 5. Be able to identify the accounting principles relevant to the accounting treatment of assets. Assets (2) General Principles Methods for Measuring Value Australian School of Business Measurement at Recognition: PPE The value put on the asset when first recorded. An item of property, plant and equipment that qualifies for recognition shall be measured at its cost (AASB 116, para 15) 1. Historical Cost 2. Current or Market Value (value in exchange) 3. Value in use (present value) 4. Liquidation Value Elements of costs: – Its purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes after deducting trade discounts and rebates – Any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management. – The initial estimate of the cost of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located (if the company is required to do so) 5. Price-adjusted Historical Cost ...
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...≤ 0.20 sec. If it’s ≥ than that it indicates 1° heart block. * NSR: normal sinus rhythm, contraction originates from SA node and beats at 60-100 bpm * Sinus (atrial) Bradycardia: SA node discharges at < 60 bpm. TREATMENT is atropine and pacemaker if they become symptomatic. Usually the contractions are irregular but the same distance apart so they are irregular-regular * Sinus Tachycardia (atrial dysrhythmias): SA node discharges at > 100 bpm. Regular but fast; they won’t have heart block because the SA node is firing too rapidly. TREATMENT is BB or CCB to ↓ HR and BP * PAC (Premature Atrial Contraction): impulse travels across atria via abnormal pathway, creating a disturbed P wave. Contraction originates from ectopic focus in atrium other than the SA node. Caffeine and diet pills predispose people to these but they don’t adversely affect health. TREATMENT is none. * Atrial Flutter: atrial tachycardia resulting in recurring, regular sawtooth flutter waves. The ratio of atrial to ventricle contractions is 3:1. TREATMENT is synchronized cardioversion (like defibrillation but the less Joules, 150-200 vs 300, and you must push the “sync” button to synchronize the energy so as to not direct it onto the T wave and send the patient in V-fib) and ablations. * Valve Replacement: patient must be put on blood thinner afterwards and must be anticoagulated more than normal. 3-4x INR vs 1.5-2x INR * Atrial Fibrillation: total disorganization of atrial activity...
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...The Essential Exercise For Your Back! Why Stabilize? Low back pain will affect 80% of the population. And, although the pain may go away after 4 to 6 weeks, the deep stabilizing muscles of the lower back will remain impaired. Impaired deep stabilizing muscles provide poor segmental stiffness, and this predisposes your back to re-injury and a return of pain. A study of people who recently injured their back showed excellent long-term results for those who performed specific back exercises guided by ultrasonography. In fact, the control group that did not perform specific exercises were 12.4 times more likely to have a return of back pain during a three year follow up. Scientific research reveals no other treatment with comparable results. Only these specific back exercises have been shown to dramatically reduce recurrence of low back pain. To understand the problem and the solution, you first have to know how the muscles work in a healthy system. Back & Abdominal Muscles Control The Spine To Prevent Injury The brain normally has separate control over the inner and outer units of muscles that surround the spine (see figure). In a healthy system, the brain normally activates inner unit muscles first when low loads are placed on the spine during daily activities. The brain is programmed to contract these deep stabilizing muscles to provide stiffness between individual segments of the spine. The most important inner unit stabilizing muscles of the lower back are...
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...Final exam study guide: Cancer: Know the difference between Benign and Malignant tumors. Classification of tumors Benign neoplasm Well differentiated Usually encapsulated Kidneys have their own capsule so is easier to catch Expansive mode of growth Characteristics similar to parent cell Metastasis is absent. Rarely recur Classification of tumors Malignant neoplasm May range from well differentiated to undifferentiated Able to metastasize Infiltrative and expansive growth Frequent recurrence Moderate to marked vascularity Rarely encapsulated Becomes less like parent cell Check Moles and Freckles Shows differentiation Hair growing = blood supply = no differentiation = CANCER * Know the warning signs/clinical manifestations of cancer. * CAUTION: * Change in bowel or bladder habits * A sore that does not heal * Unusual bleeding or discharge from any body orifice * Thickening or a lump in the breast or elsewhere * Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing * Obvious change in a wart or mole * Nagging cough or hoarseness Know the different staging, grading and classifications of cancer. Clinical staging classifications * 0: Cancer in situ * 1: Tumor limited to tissue of origin; localized tumor growth * 2: Limited local spread * 3: Extensive local and regional spread * 4: Metastasis * 0 – enclosed extremely localzed * 1 – only in tissue...
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... 4 y/o Post incision and drainage Cues | Diagnosis | Inference | Plan of care | Nursing Interventions | Rationale | Evaluation | Subjective:“ sakit sugat ko dito ma” as verbalized by the patientObjective: * Localized erythema and edema * (+) pruritus on the site of the incision. * (+) Facial grimace * (+)Irritability * (+) Guarding behavior * (+) Crying * (+) VS normal T= 36.8 ‘ c PR= 77 RR= 25 * Pain assessment>Location: Right post auricular area>Interval: frequent | Acute pain related to tissue trauma secondary to incision and drainage as manifested by * Localized erythema and edema * Pruritus on the site of the incision * Facial grimace * Irritability * Crying * Guarding behavior * Frequent interval of pain | Nociceptive stimuli(wound/inflammation)↓Nerve fibers (nociceptor) ↓ ↓A-delta fiber C-fiber (fast) (slow) ↓ ↓ Spinal cord & Dorsal horn pain modulating circuit (primary touch fiber) Neospino- Paleospino- thalamic thalamic tract (sharp, tract (dull,bright pain) aching pain)...
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...getting any better.” Mrs. C. also said that her husband has vomited, over the last 2 days. R.’s chief complaint (c/c) is abdominal pain, voiding frequently, and hasn’t been taking insulin due to nausea. Vital signs (RR) 32, and oxygen saturation (SAO2) 95%. He is alert & orientated (A&O) A&O x 1 (oriented only to person), and his mouth and mucous membranes are very dry. Doctor’s Orders: After seeing Mr. C. the doctor orders: CBC, Chem Panel, Electrolytes, UA with ketones, ABG, 12 lead EKG, and sliding scale insulin to be given IVP, oxygen at 2L/min per nasal cannula, and IV bolus of 500 cc/NS. After initiating a peripheral IV catheter, blood samples are drawn for labs and the nurse administers the 500 cc/NS and rechecked VS: Temperature (T) 100.3, P-106, BP-92/56, and RR-28. Labs The labs return with blood glucose of 625, K+5.3, bicarb (HCO3) 8 mEq/l, large amounts of ketones in urine and serum. ABG of pH-7.19, PO2-89, CO2-25, and HCO3-15. EKG The EKG is noted for tented T waves. Based off above initial findings, R. has hallmark signs and symptoms (s/s) of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) which include polyuria, gastrointestinal (GI) upset/abdominal pain, dehydration, orthostatic hypotension, bradypnea with deep respirations, also known as “Kusssmaul breathing.” Also, patient’s breath is acetone which is commonly interpreted as “fruity” and can be...
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...surrounds the amygdala is crucial for declarative memories. Moreover, the amygdala has been identified as the emotional control center (Squire, L. & Kandel, E., 2009, pg.107). Furthermore, the amygdala has been identified to participate in the human learning of fear. A study done at the University of Iowa presented participants with a neutral tone followed by a loud, obnoxious noise. After many successive neutral noises, followed by a loud bang, normal individuals experienced an emotional arousal, normally in the form of perspiration. Individuals with amygdala damage did not experience an emotional response to the loud noise. After training, most patients understood that a loud noise followed the neutral tone, while patients with amygdala damage still did not experience or react with fear and/or anxiety as normal patients did. Further studies of rats with amygdala lesions imply the indirect pathway of fear learning. This indirect pathway moves from the thalamus to the perirhinal cortex to the lateral nucleus, while the normal pathway moves through the subcortical areas (Squire, L. & Kandel, E., 2009, pg.185). Additionally, Wixted et. al found that there was no activation of the amygdala during the sparse and distributed coding of episodic memory. This study adds to the conclusion that the hippocampal damage has an effect on memory recognition, while damage to the amygdala does not. (Witxed et. al,...
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...or write clearly. If your response is not legible, it will be marked as ? and you will need to rewrite it. Scenario D.Z., a 65 year-old man, is admitted to a medical floor for exacerbation of his chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, emphysema). He has a past medical history of hypertension, which has been well controlled by Enalapril (Vasotec) for the past 6 years, has had pneumonia yearly for the past 3 years, and has been a 2 pack-a-day smoker for 38 years. He appears as a cachectic man who is experiencing difficulty breathing at rest. He reports cough productive of thick yellow-green sputum. D.Z. seems irritable and anxious; he complains of sleeping poorly and states that lately feels tired most of the time. His vital signs (VS) are 162/84, 124 HR, 36 RR, 102 degrees F, Sao2 88%. His admitting diagnosis is an acute exacerbation of chronic emphysema. Chart View Physician’s OrdersDiet as toleratedOut of bed with assistanceOxygen (O2) to maintain Sao2 of 90%IV of D5W at 50 ml/hrECG monitoringArterial blood gases (ABGs) in AMCBC with differential nowBasic metabolic panel (BMP) nowChest x-ray (CXR) q 24 hrs. Sputum cultureAlbuterol 2.5 mg plus ipratropium 250 mcg nebulizer treatment STAT | 1. Explain the pathophysiology of emphysema. Emphysema is characterized by destruction of the walls of the alveoli, with resulting enlargement of abnormal air spaces. Deficiency of a₁-antitrypsin contributes to the development in some individuals, especially when combined with...
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...NURSING CARE PLAN COURSE: Basic Adult Health CLIENT INITIALS: DATE OF ADMISSION: AGE: GENDER: JL June 13, 2011 85 M HT: WT: ALLERGIES: 140 lbs. NKA CODE STATUS: FULL RACE/ETHNICITY: CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS: Caucasian None RELIGION/SPIRITUAL CONSIDERATIONS: Unknown OCCUPATION/HOBBIES/RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES: Retired LIVING SITUATION/WITH WHOM: (home, assisted living, LTC, etc) Lives with daughter. SOCIAL HISTORY: (tobacco, ETOH, illicit drugs, family dynamics) Quit smoking many years ago, no history of ETOH or drug use. NURSING CARE PLAN ADMITTING MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS: Client's principal admitting diagnosis was leukocytosis. Definition: (from Taber’s) “An increase in the number of leukocytes (usually above 10,000/mm3) in the blood. It occurs most commonly in disease processes involving infection, inflammation, trauma, or stress, but it also can result from the use of some medications” (Venes, 2009, p. 1327). Etiology/pathophysiology: ( NOT from Taber’s or Wikipedia) Etiology: Causes of leukocytosis are infection, inflammation, tissue damage, immune reaction, bone marrow problems, medications, and stress (Drug Information Online, 2011). Pathophysiology: “Leukocytosis can be a reaction to various infectious, inflammatory, and, in certain instances, physiologic processes (eg, stress, exercise). This reaction is mediated by several molecules, which are released or regulated in response to stimulatory events that include growth or survival factors (eg, granulocyte...
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