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Note on Pricing

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El precio es una parte de lo que representa el valor, el valor es la utilidad y la calidad de un producto. El precio es lo que estima el vendedor que vale el producto para los compradores potenciales.
Una gran parte de la competencia en el mercado se centra en el precio, el precio funciona mucho en relación con el precio de la competencia en como responder a este y también como la competencia responderá a nuestros precios. EL precio es un arte, un juego de apuestas altas y estrategias de marketing, todo el marketing trata de centrarse en la fijación de precios.
Estrategia de precios
El precio se debe establecer entre lo que cuesta hacer y vender el producto, claro que también el valor que le da el cliente. Si el precio es mayor al valor que percibe el cliente respecto al producto el negocio no podrá ser sustentable. Hay varios factores que influyen la estrategia para colocar los precios como son los productos de los competidores, el precio de las estrategias, las limitaciones por parte del gobierno, el vendedor y comprador.
Costos de los productos
Se pueden clasificar en variables, fijos y semifijos.
Las empresas pueden optar por precio por debajo de su coste total. En condiciones de subutilización de la capacidad, por ejemplo, las empresas con altos costos fijos pueden tener negocios a precios que cubrir los costos variables y hacer alguna contribución incremental a los costos fijos.

La expectativa es que al tomar el negocio, la empresa puede ser capaz de reducir su unidad costos y / o después subir sus precios con el fin de obtener un beneficio en los pedidos posteriores.

Valor para el cliente.
Algunos gerentes de empresas fijan los precios simplemente añadiendo un porcentaje sobre los costes para proporcionar una beneficio, son considerar el valor que el cliente le puede dar a un producto y que el beneficio podría ser mayor considerando esto.

Es útil distinguir entre el valor percibido y el valor potencial. El valor percibido es lo que el comprador reconoce ahora. Valor potencial es lo que el comprador puede ser educado a ver en el producto.

Hay formas de conseguir esto como por medio de la publicidad o por ventas personales o dejando que el cliente conozca el producto. Siempre se debe considerar que el valor del producto puede ser percibido de manera diferente por diferentes grupos de clientes o segmentos de mercado.
El precio fijado por el vendedor se toma a menudo por el cliente potencial como una medida del valor del producto. Esto es a menudo interpretado por los compradores como estimación del proveedor, del valor del producto que vende. Si el vendedor no valora el producto altamente, es muy probable que el comprador perciba esto y tampoco lo haga.

La discriminación de precios
Se da cuando se presentas diferentes precios para ciertos segmentos del mercado en relación con un mismo producto o servicio.

La discriminación de precios entre clases de compradores es ampliamente practicado. Un claro ejemplo es una aerolínea puede cobrar una tarifa para adultos, otra para niños, otra para los cónyuges, otro para los pasajeros en espera y una tasa diferente para el personal de servicio. Estas tarifas pueden variar entre días laborables y fines de semana, verano e invierno, día y noche

Precio sensibilidad
Es importante al pensar en el precio como una expresión del producto la sensibilidad que tiene el cliente respecto al valor de un producto con el precio.

Competencia
Los precios competitivos suelen imponer una estricta disciplina en materia de precios de valor. Ellos reflejan tanto lo que el producto vale para el cliente en un sentido absoluto como la disponibilidad de oferta en relación con la demanda.

Precio liderazgo
Un precio líder es la influencia dominante en los precios de mercado para una categoría de productos.

Influencias del Gobierno
Además de los competidores, las agencias gubernamentales también influyen fuertemente en los precios de muchas maneras, en las industrias reguladas, tales como los servicios públicos, las aerolíneas y los ferrocarriles, las comisiones estatales y federales tienen la facultad de aprobar o rechazar los cambios de precios.

El precio es un elemento clave en la estrategia, y para tomar decisiones estratégicas de fijación de precios es importante saber cuáles son los objetivos que se sirve. Uno puede tratar de ganar participación en el mercado con poca preocupación por las consecuencias futuras, pero siempre es importante considerar todas las otras variables que pueden hacer que un precio cambie.
Skimming and penetration pricing
La entrada en el mercado y el desarrollo de nuevos mercados que plantean cuestiones particulares de los objetivos y las estrategias de fijación de precios. Los vendedores se enfrentan a menudo la elección en las primeras etapas del ciclo de vida del producto de alto precio (skimming) para maximizar a corto plazo unidad contribución o de precio bajo (penetration).

Desde mi punto de vista la fijación de precios es una parte muy importante para poder introducir un nuevo servicio o producto y es importante estudiar sobre esto ya que existen diversas variables que influyen en la fijación de precios.

Comúnmente la gente al hacer un nuevo negocio que brinde un servicio o cree un producto al momento de fijar un precio solo ve los costos que este les genero y un porcentaje extra que quieren ganar y con eso ya quedan satisfechos, pero por que quedarse así sin saber si aun se puede ganar mas.

Es por eso que se deben analizar todas las variables mencionadas es esta lectura por que en los negocios lo importante es que sean sustentables y para esto se necesita ganar dinero.

Creo que una de las cosas mas importantes es el valor que la gente la da a un producto o servicio por esto mismo como mercadologos es lo que tenemos que hacer generar este valor o incrementarlo en nuestro cliente, siempre que ya se hayan considerado todas las variables como la competencia entres otras siempre se puede encontrar la forma de incrementar este valor ya sea por medio de publicidad u otras cosas incluso diferenciando el producto de la competencia.

En la vida diaria es algo que se ve con cada día tanto como consumidor como vendedor cuanto estamos dispuestos a pagar por un producto o servicio y cuales son las razones esto es lo que nosotros tenemos que identificar.

Cuando yo tuve un negocio que era un auto lavado la fijación de precios solo se baso en dos cosas lo que costaba dar este servicio y los precios que en ese momento manejaba la competencia.

Crep que había unas cosas por la que nuestro servicio era diferente desde la ubicación hasta otros servicios extra que se brindaban como el servicio a domicilio, la ubicación, la confianza, incluso el traro que teníamos con las personas o la comodidad que creamos en las instalaciones para la comodidad del cliente.

Todo esto pudo ser parte para incrementar el precio un poco generando al mismo tiempo un alto valor del cliente en nuestro producto tanto como para que estuvieran dispuestos a pagar por este mismo.

Posteriormente cerramos este negocio por diferentes circunstancias aunque pienso que tal vez si se hubiera analizado ciertas cosas como lo so la colocación de precios y otras diversas cosas además de que es muy importante conocer lo que el cliente quiere y como podemos aprovechar esto.

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