...Culture and Socialization Learning to be Human Understanding Cause & Effect • Correlation - the existence of a regular relationship between two sets of occurrences or variables. • Causation - a relationship in which one event or situation brings about the other. • Correlation does not imply causation. But a causal relationship must mean that two variables are correlated. Sociological Imagination • The more we understand what is happening in the world, the more frustrated we often become, for our knowledge leads to feelings of powerlessness. We feel that we are living in a world in which the citizen has become a mere spectator or a forced actor, and that our personal experience is politically useless and our political will a minor illusion (Mills 1959) Macro argument. Chapter 3 Culture & Society The Concepts of Culture Culture - The values the members of a given group hold, the norms they follow, and the material goods they create. Values - abstract ideals. For example, monogamy is a prominent value in most Western societies. Norms - definite principles or rules people are expected to observe Society - a system of relationships that connects individuals who share the same culture. The Concepts of Culture Culture and society are closely related. Cultural variations among humans are linked to different types of society. No culture could exist without a society; equally, no society could exist without culture. The Concepts of Culture Ethnocentrism – judging...
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...4 Cross Cultural Issues in Business" from Anti Essays, your source for free research papers, essays, and term paper examples. Japan There are many advantages in a company seeking to expand into the Japanese Market, it is one of the world’s large economies. There are also cross cultural issues in an American Company marketing to Japanese Society. A company can very easily “make it” or “break it” if not sensitive to the culture and etiquette in their marketing strategies. The Japanese Culture is ancient and full of traditions that make up why someone of this descent may act or carry themselves in a certain way. This would also affect the decisions an individual makes regarding product selection. A commercial that is attractive to an American housewife may not be attractive to a Japanese housewife. A few of the differences in American and Japanese culture are importance of hierarchy, group harmony, using certain numbers in advertising and language barriers. Cross Cultural Issues Hierarchy is highly respected in Japan personally and professionally, yet in America hierarchy exists but is not held to as high of standards or tradition. This is so engrained in the Japanese Culture that children even refer to their senior and junior classmates with specific names. Personally this hierarchy is based on age, the eldest would be seated at a place of honor at the dinner table and be the first person to start eating. The significance placed on hierarchy can cause issues...
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...American History America did not just come up from the ground. In 1815 there were only 8,4 million people and compared to today (with an approximately population of 316 million people) 8,4 is not that much. But if we were to study the whole of American history, we should go way further back than 1815. Life in the United States: The American lifestyle is way different than others, especially Scandinavians. And even though you cannot compare all the states in the USA to each other, they share a common bond. It is a 5 days drive from New York to Los Angeles, if you stopped only for gas, food and to sleep. And almost all Americans come from foreign countries – or their ancestors did. A British writer named Israel Zangwill wrote in a play, the following: As he used the term “Melting-pot” for USA it was utterly discussed whether it was positive or an insult, but it depends on the matter of view. Maybe the people did not want to be compared to each other like that, as they all had different cultures. The immigration laws began to change in 1965, so the yearly immigration number rose severely. It rose with a steady of 300.000 in the end of the 1960s, but the rate grew to more than a million per year, approximately, as they reached the 1990s. The USA was admitting more immigrants that all the other industrialized countries combined. Consequently they made laws and restrictions, which made the rate drop to a half million each year, approximately. Therefore the Americans...
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... 1. What is sociology? The study of people in groups. 2. What is the Sociological Imagination? The ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and the larger society. 3. For what is Auguste Comte known? The father of sociology. French philosopher. 4. When did sociology start? Industrial revolution in Europe. 5. What is Symbolic Interaction? Communication through words and gestures. 6. Who are the founders of Symbolic Interaction? European Founder: Georg Simmel (German Sociologist) American Founder: George H. Mead (Amer. Sociologist) Others – Jane Addams (Amer. Sociologist): Established Hull House W.E.B. Du Bois (Amer. Sociologist): Founded the 2nd Department of Sociology at Atlanta University Harriet Martineau (Brit. Social Observer): Chronicled the lives of women and slave in pre-Civil War America 7. Where was the first Department of Sociology in America founded? University of Chicago. Founded by Albion Small (Amer. Sociologist) 8. What is Functional Analysis? How the puzzle pieces fit together. 9. Who are the founders of Functional Analysis? European Founder: Emile Durkheim (French Sociologist). Coined the term anomie. American Founder: Talcott Parsons (Amer. Sociologist) Others – Robert King Merton (Amer. Sociologist): Wrote about Manifest & Latent Functions. Herbert Spencer: “Survival of the fittest.” Theory of General Evolution. 10. What is Conflict Theory? Haves vs. haves not. 11. Who are...
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...RUNNING HEAD: ASIAN AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS Cultural Paper Asian American adolescents are a culture group, counselors seldom acknowledge in the counseling interventions. Asian Americans are faced with mental illness due to high academic achievement and refugee status. As counselors being culturally competence to Asian Americans can help assist them with their mental devlopement. They are a very distinct ethnic group that should be considered in the counseling profession. Asian Americans differ in methods and time of migration, language, social class, and religion. Many Americans still believe that the United States is the melting pot for all cultures not showing concern for cultures such as Asian Americans, which may find it to be difficult when integrated with other cultures. Counselors must understand the pressure that is place upon cultures, such as the Asian Americans when forced to integrate to the dominant culture. The United States is considered a free place for choosing the religion in which an individual wants to practice, but yet it seem rather biases against the Asian American populations. Counselors can help give back to Asian Americans what has been taken away from them for many years (religion). Due to counselors’ lack of knowledge and awareness of Asian American adolescents this culture is forced to integrate with the dominant culture, which may not be of their preference. The population of this group is growing...
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...Heritage and Culture Differences in Families Jennifer M. Rinoldi, RN Grand Canyon University: NRS- 429V-0500 April 09, 2015 The United States is full of many diverse cultures from all around the world and is known as the “melting pot”. Culture can be defined as the beliefs, arts, customs etc, of a specific society or group, place or time. Each and every culture is very unique in itself and are composed of many different sets of values, beliefs, religion and traditions. These all can contribute to an individual’s choices and behaviors can ultimately influence how a person cares for themselves during times of illness, how they perceive illness, and how they may seek healthcare. Some cultures may have a close knit family where an individual in the family may be in designated to take charge of care of the ill family member, some may care for themselves alone and not decided to seek medical attention, some cultures may believe in herbal healing, and some may seek out a medical doctor for treatment. This all boils down to culture, and affects the overall health status of the individual and therefore imperative for nurses to understand not only their own beliefs but also have an idea of other cultures to provide culturally competent care. Culturally competent care is defined as In this paper I used the heritage assessment modelwill discuss three different families and compare and contrast the differences between in culture and how it may differ in choices...
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...Tutorial 5 – Chapter 4 Communicating across Cultures Tutorial activity 1: Ongoing Semester Case Study – Businessville Hotel. The Beijing Businessville Hotel has recruited a large number of Chinese staff for all its departments. Staff come from all over China which means that they come from many different regional backgrounds and speak different languages. While most speak East Mandarin, others speak Jin, West Mandarin, Xinan, Hokkien, Hakka, Cantonese and Jianghuai. Other staff speak Thai, Filipino, Japanese, English and Arabic. Consider the following questions as a focus of class discussion. Prepare your ideas before class. 1. What training would you suggest to develop staff language skills? • Provide staff with language skills seminars 2. How would you suggest dealing with guests who speak unknown languages? • Use technology and gestures and try to understand what they say with use of technology eg, use a language translator to understand. Tutorial activity 3: Facilitation Case Study. Consider the case study ‘Elizabeth visits GPC’s French Subsidiary’ on page 160-161 of your textbook and prepare discussion points for the four questions at the end. 1. First and foremost, Elizabeth Moreno will need to research the French culture a little more. It is important for Elizabeth to not do anything that may disrespect or belittle any of the management staff as her kinesic behavior can put her in this position. As per this case...
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...The Impact of Culture on Human Resource Management Practices: An Empirical Research Finding in Indonesia Suharnomo-Diponegoro University-Indonesia +628156581301 Abstract The objective of the study is to investigate and analyze the influence of culture on human resource management practices. The research is expected to answer the importance question: Are HRM practices influenced by national culture or not? It is generally accepted that the practices of management is considered to be universal until Hofstede (1980:42) published the seminal work: Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work Related Value in 1980. Hofstede’s work is the most popular in cross culture management studies so that his framework in national culture will be used in this research. The research was done by using the survey method. The respondents were 108 managers of HRM from the listed companies of Jakarta Stock Exchange 2007. Structural equation model (SEM) with Two Step Model Building Approach is used to test structural theory. It is used to test the hypotheses model statistically to determine the extent to which the proposed model is consistent with the sample data. SEM incorporates both confirmatory factor analysis and multiple regressions to estimate a series of interdependent relationship simultaneously. The results of descriptive analysis indicate that the national culture dimensions tend high for collectivism, power distance, masculinity and uncertainty avoidance...
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...most lavish and extravagant theme park in April of 1992. The fiscal year 1992-1993 brought EuroDisney a loss of nearly $1 billion. Mickey, a major promotion tool of Disney management did not create reason or attraction enough for the European community, unlike at the sister theme park Tokyo Disneyland. European families found EuroDisney to be an “over-rated” promotion of American culture and lifestyle, contrary to what was seen by Disney's management as a family affair. In the initial years of operation this led to an overestimation of expected revenue and audience figures. Advertising messages had been miscommunicated, “emphasizing glitz and size…not the rides or attractions”. Disney remained unsuccessful in attracting customers just by vigorous brand name promotion communicated through Mickey and his friends. Moreover, families were reluctant to pay hefty price tags on accommodation and entertainment needed to enjoy the attractions of the park. Disney failed to manage a healthy relationship with partner organizations in the host country, which most importantly alienated them from their number one ally, the French government. Regional affairs in Eastern Europe and economic recession in the western half of Europe and Scandinavia contributed much to the poor performance of EuroDisney. Airfare wars during the period of time and disproportionate changes in exchange rate made spending for holidays in “Disneyland, Orlando…cheaper than a trip to Paris”. Of greater consequence...
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...Josh Booth Professor Pearson West Georgia Technical College 05/02/2015 History of Sports/Games Using A Ball Sports or games have played a large part in the history of the world in regards to culture and entertainment and in some cases even sacrificial beliefs. Games using spherical shaped balls have been recorded as early as 1,400 B.c. in MesoAmerica and have evolved into what are now the World’s most prominent sports such as soccer or fùtbol. Games have evolved into sport, which has taken modern society by storm and created one of the largest economical entertainment industries in the world today. The first recorded history of games played with round objects was known as Ōllamaliztli, or simply as, “The Ball Game.” This game had ritualistic associations and has been dated back to 1,400 B.C. Many cultures grew to involve this game into it’s culture and ritualistic lives but the great civilization of the Mayans was the prominent exerciser. “As best as is now known from archaeological and iconographical sources as well as the structure of the sport courts, this was a very physically taxing and important part of Mayan culture.” (Blümchen). Although the exact rules of the game are unknown to this day, historians have made certain hypothesis as too how it was played. The game was played in large courts found all over Central America and as far north as Arizona. Diagonally arched balls surrounded the court with rings at the top of each wall. “Evidence suggests that...
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...Race, Culture and Crime Reports Unit 6 DB 1 Ann-Marie Cameron Cappella University Dr. Peace May 16, 2016 Annotated Outline I. Introduction A. Race and Culture II. Areas That Will Be Examine for Trends A. Crime Reports B. Statistical Evidence about Crime C. Affected Culture, Age, and Race III. Incident Reporting System A. Federal Bureau of Investigation B. National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) C. Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) IV. Suggestions and Solution For A Better Reporting Data System from Law Enforcement Agencies and Community Resources A. Public Safety and Law Enforcement Agencies B. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) C. Department Of Justice (DOJ) D. Community Relations Service (CRS) E. Local Law Enforcement Agencies F. Age Groups That Will Be Affected For Suggestion Improvement V. Conclusion VI. References Annotated Bibliography FBI 2014 National Incident-Based Reporting System (2014).Retrieved from https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2015/december/2014-nibrs-statistics-released/2014-nibrs-statistics-released The goal of this article was to examine statistics data that was collected and reported to the...
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...Global Human Resource Management Learning Objectives After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Describe the drivers behind globalization in the early 21st century. Discuss the role that culture plays in determining the effective use of human resource management practices in a global organization. Identify critical HRM issues faced by multinational and global organizations when they conduct business in the international marketplace. Internet/Web Resources General Sites www.expatexchange.com www.ilo.org www.odei.gov/cia/publications/factbook/ index.html www.mexicomaquila.com www.gmacglobalrelocation.com www.shrm.org globalgateway.monster.com Company Sites www.globaldynamics.com www.nortel.com www.bp.com www.dell.com www.ballygaming.com www.nestle.com www.unilever.com www.fiat.com www.volvo.com Career Challenge Chapter 4 Global Human Resource Management 97 Boswell Technologies is a computer software development firm located in Akron, Ohio. Michael Carl, vice president for human resources at Boswell Technologies, has just returned from San Benedetto, Italy. It seems that Boswell is soon going to become Boswell International. The company has just acquired a successful software firm located in San Benedetto. The purpose of the acquisition was to quickly allow Boswell to become a premier supplier of new and innovative computer software in Europe. On his first day back in Ohio, Michael has been called into the office of Boswell’s president, David Randolf, to give...
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...Economics and Finance www.ccsenet.org/ijef Cross-cultural Communication in Business Negotiations Liangguang Huang English Department, Zhenjiang Watercraft College of PLA Zhenjiang 212003, China E-mail: Blackhawk1975@126.com Abstract All communication is cultural -- it draws on ways we have learned to speak and give nonverbal messages. With the implementation of the Economic Reform and Opening policies, more and more Chinese companies do business with the foreigners. When negotiating with the delegates from different countries, cross-cultural communications play an important role. Culture differs from one another, which influences the style, the time, and the course of negotiations. If distorted, cross-cultural communications may weaken a company’s position in the market, prevent it from accomplishing its objectives, and ultimately lead to failure of negotiation. Keywords: Cross-culture, Cultural difference, Business negotiation, Negotiating style 1. Introduction As business has turned more and more to an integrated world market to meet its needs, the difficulties of communicating at a global level have become increasingly widespread. Still, in an increasingly competitive world economy, it is harder for the successful business venture to conduct business exclusively within the safe confines of a single domestic business environment. With the implementation of the Economic Reform and Opening policies, China’s national economy has made unprecedented strides in the...
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...Economics and Finance www.ccsenet.org/ijef Cross-cultural Communication in Business Negotiations Liangguang Huang English Department, Zhenjiang Watercraft College of PLA Zhenjiang 212003, China E-mail: Blackhawk1975@126.com Abstract All communication is cultural -- it draws on ways we have learned to speak and give nonverbal messages. With the implementation of the Economic Reform and Opening policies, more and more Chinese companies do business with the foreigners. When negotiating with the delegates from different countries, cross-cultural communications play an important role. Culture differs from one another, which influences the style, the time, and the course of negotiations. If distorted, cross-cultural communications may weaken a company’s position in the market, prevent it from accomplishing its objectives, and ultimately lead to failure of negotiation. Keywords: Cross-culture, Cultural difference, Business negotiation, Negotiating style 1. Introduction As business has turned more and more to an integrated world market to meet its needs, the difficulties of communicating at a global level have become increasingly widespread. Still, in an increasingly competitive world economy, it is harder for the successful business venture to conduct business exclusively within the safe confines of a single domestic business environment. With the implementation of the Economic Reform and Opening policies, China’s national economy has made unprecedented strides in the last three...
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...This article examines Appalachian folk medicine and considers the importance of utilizing an integrative theory, the Health Belief Model, to understand the use of alternative medicine in the United States. The author examines the need for social workers and other health care providers to further assess the roles of folk medicine in an Appalachian client population. The author creates linkages among the limited writings in the literature regarding folk medical practices of Appalachians and also draws examples of folk medicine usage from qualitative research and professional intervention with this client group. The author focuses on how mainstream health care professionals may assess the role of folk medicine in the lives of their clients by approaching folk medicine as a focal and culturally-imbedded component of their clients' overall health care. Moreover, the author addresses the need for health care professionals to become not only aware of folk medical practices, but to act as advocates for culturally competent health care within the larger health care delivery system which largely overlooks or downplays the significance of folk medicine. In an age of expensive and constricted mainstream health care services and the implementation of managed care, the author examines how folk medical practices factor into primary health care. PMID: 9418440 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] This article presents an approach to the evaluation of patient-held beliefs and behaviors that may...
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