...The Nuremberg Trials War crimes, in practice, are offenses charged against the losers of the war by victor. During WW II there were three types of war crimes were committed by Germany. The first: crimes against peace, which included preparing for and starting a war of aggression in violation of treaties. The second: murder, ill treatment, the killing of hostages; plunder of public or private property; the destruction of cities and towns. The third: crimes against humanity, which include persecution on racial, political, or religious grounds either before or during a war. All of these violations were raised on Germany's actions. Trials of the Nazi leaders begun on October 18, 1945, and lasted for 10 months. Trials of Japanese leaders began on May 3, 1946 in Tokyo and ended on November 12, 1948. There were more than 2,000 lesser trials accusing Nazi leaders of wrong doing. Even more took place in the Soviet Union. Most of the war criminals were convicted, and many were also executed. The Nuremberg Trials, one of the more substantial trials, accused 22 German Nazi leaders of war crimes. Altogether 12 were sentenced to death, including Keitel, Ribbentrop, Rosenberg, Bromann (who was tried in absentia), and Goering (who committed suicide). Only three, including Hess were given life sentences. Just four, including Doenitz and Speer were sentenced to up to 20 years of prison. Amazingly, three including Papen and Schacht were acquitted. These trials brought some...
Words: 939 - Pages: 4
...The Nuremberg Trials by R. D. A student essay from Dr. Elliot Neaman's History 210 class (historical methods - fall 1996) © Elliot Neaman / PHDN Reproduction interdite par quelque moyen que ce soit / no reproduction allowed ________________________________________ The Nuremberg Trials took place during the immediate aftermath of World War II. They were the first trials in history to indict an entire regime for aggressive war crimes. These crimes included invading other nations, violating the Treaty of Versailles and most significantly, "crimes against humanity". These crimes were what later became known as the Holocaust, in which millions of innocent victims were deported, enslaved and systematically executed. The victims were primarily Jewish however many other victims suffered at the hands of the Nazis such as: Poles, Gypsies, the handicapped and the elderly. The Nuremberg Charter "defined war crimes as violations of the laws or customs of war"(Rosenbaum p, 30). Including killing of hostages, ill-treatment of civilians, use of forced labor and looting of public and private property and racial persecution. The International Military Tribunal, the prosecutors consisting of lawyers and judges from the United States, France, England and the Soviet Union had countless evidence of these crimes committed by the Nazis, however to serve justice to every individual for their inhumane actions was impossible. The Nuremberg Trials prosecuted twenty one defendants (all of whom were...
Words: 5476 - Pages: 22
...The Nuremberg Trials was created to bring justice to the Nazis. Nuremberg Trials took place in 1945 - 1949. The Nuremberg Trials had over 13 trials in Nuremberg. The defendants were German industrialists, lawyers and doctors were charged for crimes against peace, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and a common or conspiracy to commit. Adolf Hitler committed suicide and was never brought to trial. (Encyclopædia Britannica, inc.) There was 216 court sessions. On october 1, 1946 there was 22 of the 24 original defendants 2 of them committed suicide during the trial. On December 1942, leaders of Great Britain, United States, and Soviet Union “issued the first joint declaration officially noting the mass murder of European Jewry and resolving to prosecute those responsible for violence against civilian populations,”. (A+E Networks) The Soviet Union wanted to execute 100,000 of the high ranking Nazi Officers. Winston Churchill (The British Prime Minister) talked about the possibility to execute without trial. But the Americans persuaded the other nations to do a criminal trial since it would be more effective. Among other things it would require extra documentation of the crimes charges against the defendants and prevent any accusations later on that the defendants have been blamed for...
Words: 1029 - Pages: 5
...During World War ll, many horrific events occurred. The people that caused the events were put to trial and charged with war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes against peace. Their trials that brought justice were called the Nuremberg trials. The Nuremberg trials were a series of thirteen trials made by the allies held between 1945-1949 (Holocaust Timeline: Aftermath). In these trials, twenty-two criminals were received their punishment for their abominable crimes (Holocaust Timeline: Aftermath). The trials had taken place in Nuremberg, Germany at the Palace of Justice because Berlin had been to war-damaged (Angela Wood, 168, Jason Skog, 28). The trials were also held in Nuremberg because it is where racial laws were passed (Angela...
Words: 1431 - Pages: 6
...Nuremberg Trials Imagine committing horrible crimes and knowing one must face punishments for these deeds. Officials within the Nazi Party had to answer for their crimes during the Holocaust through the infamous Nuremberg Trials. The Nuremberg Trials became an important part of the aftermath of the Holocaust, because the trials sought to bring justice against Nazi Germany. There were many factors in the development of the of the Nuremberg Trials. One of the most important components was the choosing of the committee. Between 1945 and 1946 “... in the case of the Nuremberg Trials a group of four powers (France, Britain, the Soviet Union, and the U.S.) with different legal traditions and practices” (“Nuremberg Trials”). Together they made up...
Words: 631 - Pages: 3
...To what extent the Doctor’s Trial held in Nuremberg established a precedent in human experimentation and human rights movement? Table of Contents A. Plan of Investigation………………………………………………………………………3 B. Summary of Evidence………………………………………………………………………...4-7 C. Evaluation of Sources…………………………………………………………………………….8 D. Analysis……………………………………………………………………………9 E. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………10 F. Bibliography………………………………………………………………………11 G. Appendix A. Plan of Investigation This investigation assesses to what extent was the significance of the Doctor’s Trial in establishing a precedent for human experimentation and the advancement of the human rights movement. The body of evidence would contain all the events that lead to a change of the view of human experimentation and rights. The researcher evaluated the process in which the Doctor’s Trial at Nuremberg marked an example to human rights today and how the Nuremberg Code helped exercise the decisions made at the Nuremberg trials. Primary sources as the partial transcript of the Doctor’s trial were used to evaluate the contribution of the verdicts made at the trials to human rights. Documents will be analyzed in regards to their origin, purpose, value, and limitations in order to properly evaluate the evidence. B. Summary of Evidence On December 9, 1946, an American military tribunal opened criminal proceedings against twenty-three leading German physicians and administrators for their...
Words: 1629 - Pages: 7
...Jerold Maxwell Mr. Rzyski English 2 2 May 2014 After World War II the Nuremberg trials lasted from 1946 through 1949. The Nuremberg trials was one of the biggest events during the mid 1940s . The Nuremburg trials attempted to bring many Nazi leaders to justice but some of the officers of the Third Reich were not catch until many years later. Including these two major leaders Hermann Goering and Rudolph Hess. The Nuremberg trials was took place in Nuremberg, Germany. It involved twenty – four top ranking survivors of the National Socialist German Workers Party. “The subsequent trials were held throughout Germany and involved approximately two hundred additional defendants, including Nazi physicians who performed vile experiments on human...
Words: 956 - Pages: 4
...captured. All of the other Nazi leaders were sent to trial commonly known as “The Nuremberg Trials.” The trials lasted about three years. (Carter) The most important part of the Nuremberg Trials was when the Nazi leaders were in trial. In Britannica’s article explains that the trials took place in the mid 1900’s and lasted for about 3-4 years. The Nuremberg Trials were first held in Nuremberg, Germany. According to Britannica, “The tribunal was given the authority to find any individual guilty of the commission of war crimes and to declare any group or organization to be criminal in character.” This means that any group that commited a crime during the war could be sentenced for prison time or sent on death row the most common criminal group was the Nazi. The Trials had rules or guidelines that all of the accusing countries agreed on so that it is a mix of several different governments. 22 out of...
Words: 529 - Pages: 3
...The Nuremberg Trials The Holocaust was one of the most abominable occurrences in the history of the world. Thankfully, the perfidious Nazi leaders were placed on trial for their gruesome crimes in Nuremberg, Germany. These convicts were rightfully located, tried, and convicted for their awful felonies. Firstly, judges from the United States, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and France, known as the Allies, located 22 of the deceitful Nazi leaders. Because the crimes committed by the Nazis were so horrible, “the Allies decided to bring justice to those accused of war crimes and crimes against humanity,” (The Holocaust Explained 2017). Directly after the end of World War II, 22 of the insidious leaders were tried for their offenses in Nuremberg,...
Words: 346 - Pages: 2
...The Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials that took place to convict those who had taken part in the Holocaust or World War II. Most of the trials were those who were part of the Nazi Party. They could be convicted of crimes against humanity or war crimes such as furthering the war or making it longer. SECTION HEADER The Nuremberg trials were an essential part of ending the war completely. They showed the horrendous actions that had taken place during the war. They tortured millions of people. The people who were tried were usually Nazi party leaders, high ranking officials, or companies who helped with the war. Subsection heading. In the article I read it said, “After the war, Allied powers. came together to form the International Military...
Words: 306 - Pages: 2
...The Nuremberg trail begun after the total surrender by the Germans on the 7th of May 1945, also the detaining of the main leaders of the Nazi regime by the Allied countries played a major role. Six months after their surrender, on the 20th of November the trail that occurred in front of the International Military Tribunal (IMT) started in the Palace of Justice in Nuremberg with the perusal of the 100 page long indictment. The trail was named formally as the “Major War Criminals of the European Axis”. On the day after it begun, Justice Robert Jackson gave his opening statement. The courtroom was occupied by 21 defendants, which were survived few of major leaders of the Nazi regime, like Hess, Ribbentrop, and Goering. All of them pleaded not...
Words: 2181 - Pages: 9
...the deadliest conflict in human history which resulted in million fatalities. The Nuremberg Trials were a series of military trials held by the victorious Allied forces of World War II most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, and economic leadership of the defeated Nazis. After the World War II the laws and procedures were written down for the Nuremberg Trial and at that time using jurisprudence which provides a theory for why we need laws the committee defined a new law “Crime Against Humanity” as “Murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, and other inhumane acts committed against any civilian population, before or during the war, or persecutions on political, racial or religious grounds in execution of or in connection with any crime within the jurisdiction of the Tribunal, whether or not in violation of the domestic law of the country where perpetrated”. This law was added to the draft and the Nazis were indicted for war crimes, crime against peace and crime against humanity. The new law “Crime Against Humanity” is derived from the “Natural Law” which is oldest law of jurisprudence which states “that the governments and legal systems should reflect the moral and ethical ideas that are inherent in human nature”. Basically all the laws are believed to have been derived from natural law. Thus, on the basis of this law the judges of the Nuremberg Trial dismissed all the claims of the defendants and overruled the possibility of letting...
Words: 443 - Pages: 2
...the issues of the political vacuum of power now that the leading party of the nation for the last 12 years, also the systems and culture created by this. Their main ways of tackling the Nazi legacy boiled down to several major areas; denazification, democratisation and the Nuremberg trials. The success of dealing with the Nazi legacy was fairly limited especially with the division of germany, also in such a short time period the ally powers struggled to find their feet. The Nuremberg trials which took place from the 20 november1945 -1 october 1946, were the trials of the leading Nazi war criminals or what was left of them. There were 13 trials in total over this time period and was the most tangible form of dealing with the Nazi legacy and holding those who were responsible. The prisoners were tried for; crimes against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity and conspiracy, most of the evidence only came to light at the trials and are now what we consider most of the Nazi plans and actions. By the end of the trials 3 were acquitted and 12 were sentenced to death including Goring. The trials were able to sentence the remaining Nazis but aren’t the major way of dealing with the legacy they left. The trials set a president for what would happen to the Nazis and were rather symbolic of destroying the legacy, also by killing or sentencing the leading Nazis it prevented the reoccurrence of the Nazi party forming with any major members from the war. It also found the men rightly guilty...
Words: 529 - Pages: 3
...Sara Wadlow PS 434 Research Paper May 3, 2015 Introduction The Syrian Civil War has resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people. Since 2011, protests and attacks have been a daily occurrence, and the regime of Bashar Al-Assad has done what it believed was necessary to stop rebel forces and end protests. As such, Assad has committed many questionable, at best, and criminal, at worst, actions against the civilians of Syria in an effort to stop the rebels. The indiscriminate warfare Assad has used against Syrian citizens is shown in multiple international doctrines as illegal, and is thus a war crime, which should be prosecuted. The Statue of the International Criminal Court defines war crimes as “serious violations of the laws and customs applicable in international armed conflict” and “serious violations of the laws and customs applicable in an armed conflict not of an international character (ICRC 2016). Section IV of Rule 156 of the International Committee of the Red Cross, titled Other Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed During a Non-International Armed Conflict, lists use of prohibited weapons subject to criminal sanctions, and specifically references the Chemical Weapons Convention, Amended Protocol II to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, and the Ottawa Convention as laying the groundwork for this guideline. This paper will address historical context of the Syrian Civil War, United Nations documents concerning...
Words: 2422 - Pages: 10
...gradually developing consensus about the key ethical principles that should underlie the research endeavor. Two marker events stand out (among many others) as symbolic of this consensus. The Nuremberg War Crimes Trial following World War II brought to public view the ways German scientists had used captive human subjects as subjects in oftentimes gruesome experiments. In the 1950s and 1960s, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study involved the withholding of known effective treatment for syphilis from African-American participants who were infected. Events like these forced the reexamination of ethical standards and the gradual development of a consensus that potential human subjects needed to be protected from being used as 'guinea pigs' in scientific research. By the 1990s, the dynamics of the situation changed. Cancer patients and persons with AIDS fought publicly with the medical research establishment about the long time needed to get approval for and complete research into potential cures for fatal diseases. In many cases, it is the ethical assumptions of the previous thirty years that drive this 'go-slow' mentality. After all, we would rather risk denying treatment for a while until we achieve enough confidence in a treatment, rather than run the risk of harming innocent people (as in the Nuremberg and Tuskegee events). But now, those who were threatened with fatal illness were saying to the research establishment that they wanted to be test subjects, even under experimental conditions...
Words: 393 - Pages: 2
