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Observational Intervention Studies

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Week 6 Discussion 3: Discuss different types of observational and intervention studies, compare the common and different characteristics of different intervention studies, and discuss reliability and validity issues related to intervention studies:

Observational (non-experimental) studies are where the investigators are monitoring the relationships between influences and outcomes (Thiese, 2014). The most common types of observational studies include:

Correlational Correlational studies determines whether there is a relationship or association between two or more variables (Melynk, Morrison-Beedy, & Cole, 2015). There is no manipulation of any of the variables and the participants are not placed in groups( Polit & Beck, 2014). Data is …show more content…
Interventional or also known as experimental study designs includes randomized controlled trial (RCT) and quasi-experimental, however the most robust and considered the "gold standard" is a RCT (Polit & Beck, 2014, p. 156, Melynk, Morrison-Beedy, & Cole, 2015, p.455 ). In random control studies, the objective is to produce a design for analyzing the cause and effect relationship between the independent and dependent variables; thereby, using a control and an experimental group (Bevins, 1999). There various types of RCT that …show more content…
Quasi-Experimental Studies differs from interventional study designs because there is not a control group and randomization cannot occur; therefore cause and effect cannot be inferred (Melnyk, Morrison-Beedy, & Cole, 2015). Quasi-experimental with pretest and post-test, comparison/control group, No random assignment is similar to the two-group RCT with the pretest, posttest, and the comparison group (Melnyk, Morrison-Beedy, & Cole, 2015). The threats to internal and external validity are present due to the participants are not randomly assigned ( Bevins, 1999).

Interrupted time series design: does not employ random assignment or a control group. The benefit to this type of design the pretest assessments and posttest measurement over time which allow the researcher to determine a trend (Bevins, 1999, Melnyk, Morrison-Beedy, & Cole, 2015). The down side to this type of design is the history threat to internal validity ( Bevins, 1999, Melnyk, Morrison-Beedy, & Cole,

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