...Abstract:Oil pollution has been the major environmental effect in oil producing countries particularly where crude oil exploration tales place. In Nigeria, the problem is more pronounced in the Niger-Delta region. Poultry farming is a very lucrative business in Nigeria where both chickens (layers and broilers) are found particularly in the northern part of the country. The eggshells are usually thrown and allowed to liter the environment. A column study was used to test the ability of the eggshell granules in the removal of crude oil from oil polluted water from as high as 187 ppm to 1.5 ppm. Effects on water flow rate, and bed height were investigated. The result showed that as the bed height increased from 5 cm to 30 cm, the oil removal varies from 88 to 99% and the service time varies from 876 to 3702 s. The effect of flow rate on oil removal showed that the higher the flow rate, the lower the amount of oil removed.The pattern by which oil was removed from polluted water was based on an equation of a polynomial order of 5 degree.Bed depth service time was used to evaluate the values of the sorption capacity of the bed No and the bed depth service constant Ka. The values of No and Ka are 36.88mg/L and 0.000068 L/mg/sec respectively. The critical bed...
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...Amina Usman Sali Chem. 410 (oil spill control) Professor Linus Okoro February 2 2012 Deep Sea oil spill cleanup Techniques: Its applicability Trade – offs and Advantages (summary review paper). Efforts have been made largely to clean up oil spill. These factors include knowing the type of oil, its density, water temperature, volume of the spill, waves, speed etc. Techniques like low tech approaches which involves containment and skimming and burning: and high tech such as varying of sophisticated dispersants e.g. giant separators have been remedies used for oil spill cleanup. Oil spill have destroyed a number of marine and terrestrial wildlife species. A terrestrial animal that depends on seafood dies of hunger due to the destruction of marine food by oil spill. Some marine animal that live and breathe in water dies off because of the contamination of water. The first step to approach when handling oil spill cleanup is quick action. Once we find out there is a spill, speed and accuracy is important for cleanup process. Locating the source of oil spill, its size and thickness etc should follow. According to Larry Nies speed and accuracy can be achieved by using a method known as visual observation from the air, with still and photographing. This method is the cheapest but not the best, it has limitations like inability to see well due to atmospheric and sea conditions etc. A better method but expensive one is the use of airborne sensors. There are some short comes involved...
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...MARINE POLLUTION & ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES. Semester: Code: PA-101.4 Total Hours: 45 Hours Per Week: 3 Credit: 3 COURSE DESCRIPTION GENERAL OBJECTIVES At the end of this course, students should be able to : 1. Identify key elements of the global environment. 2. Discuss how environmental elements interact locally and globally in predictable and unpredictable ways. 3. Describe the impact of human activities on the global environment. 4. Discuss issues relating to sustainable development. 5. Identify international and Caribbean regional environmental challenges 6. Identify biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems and some of their possible interactions. 7. Describe physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the oceans. 8. Identify the principal marine pollutants and the threat they represent. 9. Assess the impact on the marine environment of oil pollution from the oil industry and the shipping industry. 10. Identify requirements to maintain healthy ports and harbours, and current programs to rehabilitate Caribbean ports. 11. Identify organizations and regulatory structures concerned with oceans management and costal zone management in general and within the Caribbean region, including the UNEP regional seas programme. 12. Discuss national and international marine law; the use of civil and criminal law in regulating the environment and the conflict between private property...
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...Pollution Pollution Table of Contents Introduction 1 Causes and effects 1 Impact of the issue on the world 3 Impact of the issue in the U.A.E 4 Comparison of the issue U.A.E. V.S China 4 Conclusion 5 References 5 Introduction Pollution is the contaminates of the natural environment. There are many types of pollution such as air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, land pollution. It’s an important issue because its more safer and healthier to live in clean environment. Causes and effects Causes and effects of Air Pollution: * Industries * Vehicles and Domestic fuels * High proportion of gases such as: A. Carbon monoxide: produced when carbon do not burn to fossil fuels. Takes away oxygen from the body which leads to headaches, fatigue, and impaired vision. B. Sulfur dioxide: produced when coal and fuel oil are burned. Causes respiratory symptoms and disease, difficulty in breathing which can lead to asthma. C. Nitrogen dioxide: produced when nitric oxide combines with oxygen in the atmosphere. Affects lungs and increases the chance of respiratory infection. D. Ground level ozone: Ozone protects Earth from sun’s harmful UV rays at upper level. While at ground level ozone is harmful toxins formed from car, power, and chemical plant use. In China around 656,000 people die each year because of air pollution. In India, around 527,700 people suffer from air pollution a year. Water Pollution: it can be: ...
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...SEPTEMBER SEMESTER 2013 SMOM5103 – MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ASSIGNMENT OBJECTIVE: The assignment is to test student understanding of the concept of Environment Management System (ISO 14001:2004) and how to apply it at their company. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ INTRODUCTION: NSK Bearings (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. is a subsidiary of NSK Ltd. Group of companies headquartered in Tokyo, Japan and has served the needs of Malaysia industry for 20 years. NSK Malaysia supply major to Automotive OEM customers, distributors and heavy industries. At present, we have sixties over employees with three branches operating in Prai, Ipoh, and Johor Bahru. We also have two manufacturing plants in Selangor and one in Perak. At the moment, NSK Bearings is in the midst of achieving the Certification of ISO 14001. Our company decided to get the accreditation due to the recommendations from our customers, especially Toyota. In NSK Bearings, our premise is divided into three main areas: office, distribution warehouse and production. For this assignment purpose, I will focus on the Environmental Management System activities at the production area. Our production line consist of one assembly line for two products. We assembled the steering column system for Toyota and Perodua. [pic] Example of common steering system of a car. Task 1 How to plan and establish an Environment Management system at your own organization The...
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...It Affects Our Oceans Too Many people assume that marine pollution isn’t an important problem as the other problems that affect our environment. However, from what I’ve seen and researched about, it is a major problem because it’s not only affecting marine animals, it’s affecting humans as well. In the whole world there about 80% of pollution that is in our waters comes from land. National Ocean Service says that nonpoint source pollution is the main source of ocean pollution. The small things, like septic tanks, cars, boats, and trucks, and the big things, like farms, ranches, and forest areas are what is causing this problem. Another organization, WWF Global, claims that the things that pollutes our waters are oil, fertilizers, sewage disposals, sea full of garbage, and toxic chemicals. They state that oil from vehicles are dripping on roads and parking lots and finding it’s way to the sea. However oil isn’t the only thing that’s flowing into the ocean. Plastic, balloons, glass bottles, shoes, packaging material, and everything else that is not disposed correctly are appearing there. With this waste floating in the waters, marine animals sadly mistake them for food causing it to block their breathing passage....
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...about the ocean pollution? Because everything in the world we use comes from the ocean in some way. The ocean provides us with everything we need like; the air we breathe, water we drink, food we eat, new medicines, climate, and products we use daily. Our ocean absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and maintain our climate change impacts. The ocean holds about 97 percent of the worlds water supply. Is it the largest ecosystem on earth and it provides most of the animal protein we eat. Researchers says that there’s is about 50-80 percent of life underwater, and only 5 percent of it has been explored. Leaving thousands of millions undiscovered species. Here are some various types of ocean pollution and does it affect our ecosystem. Oil Pollution An oil spill happens when a crude oil and a refined oil spill on lands and into the water. For example, trucks can be a major cause of oil spill, because they transport oil from one place to...
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...Punipiao, oil is formed from compacted flora and fauna by high pressure and temperature. Various methods have been used to extract crude oil to make it available for both domestic and industrial. For instance, it can be used to generate electricity. The process of extraction, transportation and usage of oil causes devastating effects to the environment (Coletti & Hewitt, 2014). I agree with Punipiao statement of the process of formation and the three major methods of extraction; primary, secondary and enhanced recovery techniques. These methods have been widely used in Middle East. During transportation of crude oil leakages can emanate leading to environmental pollution. If oil spillage occurs in water bodies, aquatic life is affected which in turn causes acute and chronic diseases to human beings. Burning of fossil fuels causes air pollution since gaseous pollutants and chemicals are released to atmosphere (Jandak & Michelson, 2009). Response to Vicki statement Vicki findings focused much on extraction and harmful effects associated with oil. Extraction of oil majorly formed due to deposition of fossil remains at the bottom of the sea involves comprehensive mechanical process (Taylor, 2009). In Venezuela, the most common extraction technique used is pumping system which uses electric motor as the prime mover incorporated with gear box, polishing rod and a lever system connected to a sucker rod. I do agree with Vicki statement that transportation of oil can be accompanied...
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...Punipiao, oil is formed from compacted flora and fauna by high pressure and temperature. Various methods have been used to extract crude oil to make it available for both domestic and industrial. For instance, it can be used to generate electricity. The process of extraction, transportation and usage of oil causes devastating effects to the environment (Coletti & Hewitt, 2014). I agree with Punipiao statement of the process of formation and the three major methods of extraction; primary, secondary and enhanced recovery techniques. These methods have been widely used in Middle East. During transportation of crude oil leakages can emanate leading to environmental pollution. If oil spillage occurs in water bodies, aquatic life is affected which in turn causes acute and chronic diseases to human beings. Burning of fossil fuels causes air pollution since gaseous pollutants and chemicals are released to atmosphere (Jandak & Michelson, 2009). Response to Vicki statement Vicki findings focused much on extraction and harmful effects associated with oil. Extraction of oil majorly formed due to deposition of fossil remains at the bottom of the sea involves comprehensive mechanical process (Taylor, 2009). In Venezuela, the most common extraction technique used is pumping system which uses electric motor as the prime mover incorporated with gear box, polishing rod and a lever system connected to a sucker rod. I do agree with Vicki statement that transportation of oil can be accompanied...
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...Facility: New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (NH DES) Small Business Technical Assistance Program (SBTAP) 64 North Main St P. O. Box 2033 Concord, NH 03302-2033 Contact: Rudy Cartier NH DES Small Business Ombudsman Phone: 1-800-837-0656 Fax: 271-1381 E-mail: cartier@desarsb.mv.com Faculty Advisor: Dr. Ihab Farag 255 Kingsbury Hall University of New Hampshire Durham, NH 03824 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 3 Introduction/Background 3 Goals/Objectives 4 Approach/Methodology 4 Chemical Usage, Equipment Needs 4 Releases/Wastes Generated at the Facility 5 Details of Work Accomplished/Project Results 5 Pollution Prevention Benefits 5 Recommendations for Future Efforts 6 References 6 Appendices: A. Sample Report 6 B. Evaluation Checklist 10 C. Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet 13 Executive Summary: SBTAP is offering small-scale automotive repair and refinishing businesses free confidential on-site inspections in order to increase their awareness of certain environmental compliance issues and their solutions. These issues, when ignored, often result in serious health hazards and legal consequences. Many small businesses are uneducated on the State’s strict regulations, but are willing and eager to comply with these regulations. The inspections will inform small business...
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...Do you think ocean pollution is an issue? Well, over two thirds of Earth's surface is covered by water and all of it has been affected by some sort of pollution. Ocean pollution causes many chemicals and foreign substances to get into our air, water, and food, killing the wildlife and affecting the cleanliness of our waters; it is extremely important for us to all come together in order to stop ocean pollution. "The single biggest problem in reaching international agreement on a topic lies in convincing sovereign nations with different goals, opposing political systems, and fluctuating positions in day-to-day politic that their interests all lie in the same direction" (Cousteau 106). Pollution gets into the ocean from many sources but has...
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...think this problem should be resolved. Pollution is becoming closer to put life on the verge of death. Pollution is the contamination of Earth’s environment with materials that interfere with human health, the quality of life, or the natural functioning of ecosystems. Even though some pollution across the whole world is caused by the forces of nature, the majority comes from every day human activities and advancement in technology. Human contamination of Earth can take many forms such as water pollution, air pollution, noise pollution, soil pollution, solid waste, and hazardous waste. These harmful actions have changed Earth, and they continue to do so today. Among them all, I believe that water pollution is most potent to life on Earth. Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies and any change in water quality that negatively affects any living organism. Water pollution is usually caused by human activities such as the removal of sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural chemicals. Water pollution is also caused by atmospheric deposition, eutrophication, radioactive waste, and global warming. It affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water. In almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, including humans, but also to the natural biological communities and ecosystems. I believe that humans should effectively work on reducing water pollution because water covers approximately 70% of the...
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...Pollution in Its Many FormsOne of the most serious problems facing the world today is pollution, that is the contamination of air, land and water by all kinds of chemicals such as poisonous gases, waste materials and insecticides. Pollution has upset the balance of nature, destroyed many forms of wildlife and caused a variety of illnesses. It occurs in every country on Earth but is most prominent in industrial countries.Breathing polluted air is very common to most people, especially those living in cities. In heavily industrialized areas, fumes from car exhausts and thick smoke from factory chimneys can be seen darkening the atmosphere. This would reduce visibility and make the air unpleasant to breathe. Large scale burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, gas and oil, in homes and industries also produces a wide range of pollutants. This includes sulfur dioxide which damages plants, destroys buildings and affects health. Other known pollutants are carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and dirt particles. The fumes produced by car exhausts and factories would normally disperse in the air, but sometimes they are trapped by air layers of different temperatures. The result is a fog-like haze known as smog.The motor car is a major source of pollution. In densely populated cities where there are millions of cars on the roads, the level of carbon monoxide in the air is dangerously high. On windless days, the fumes settle near ground level. Fumes from car exhausts also pour out lead and nitrogen...
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...Codification (ASC) 410 Asset Retirement and Environmental Obligations FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 450 Contingencies DISCUSSION OF ALTERNATIVES The following section will address the alternative treatments accounting for both the remedial action and smoke filtration system under US GAAP. Recording both issues as a loss contingency will be discussed first, followed by soil contamination as environmental remediation, then applying the asset retirement obligation treatment for pollution from normal operations. Alternative 1: Contaminated Soil and Smoke Filter Disclose both environmental issues as a loss contingency using a footnote. Soil contamination and smoke filters both meet the definition of contingent loss. ASC 450-20-20 states: “An existing condition, situation, or set of circumstances involving uncertainty as to possible loss to an entity that will ultimately be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur…” Cleanup costs, extent of the pollution,...
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...Gibson, M.S. Waste and Energy Paper Pollution introduces contaminants or pollutants into the natural environment that causes unsteadiness and long-term effects to the ecosystem. Waste is slowly polluting the environment and killing humans, plant life, and animals. Waste comes in many forms: solid waste; plastic, hazardous waste material; nuclear waste, and fossil fuel; oil. The world has become a gigantic trashcan. With the expansion of technology, humans are gutting out the earth’s resources, the results are creating an imbalance in the climate, and millions are suffering from ill health. Biological diversity in parts of the world has become an important issue of discussion to environmental activist. Recommendations for illuminating waste are concerns of nations worldwide. Alternative solutions will make way for improvement to the environment and health for millions of people. Plastic bottles are washing ashore on beaches and polluting the oceans. Plastic bottles are the largest source of pollution (Plastic Pollution Collation, 2010). Such items as plastic utensils, straws, lids, and bottles are releasing chemicals into the ocean and destroying the marine life beneath. Although designed for temporary use, they remain around forever. The American Chemical Society studied water samples and found polystyrene, a commonly used plastic found in cutlery and Styrofoam, and went on to say that plastic is a new source of chemical pollution. Chemicals such as bisphenol A (BPA) interfere...
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