...Leaders knew that they needed to establish a government that would keep the citizens be happy, so they wouldn’t overthrow the entire government. Two consuls were elected at the same time to ensure that no one became too powerful or corrupt the system. Tribunes were elected by the plebeians and were able to veto other officials making the tribunes very powerful in the Roman government. In order to keep the tribunes from becoming too powerful, they were only allowed in office for one year. Senators of Rome were not chosen by the citizens, the consuls chose them, and were elected for life to make laws for the Roman republic. The people of Rome were tired of the mess and wanted the to be problems solved. However, Julius Caesar told the people of Rome...
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...The Concept Of Influence Processes Influence is defined as the force one person exerts on another person to induce a change in the targeted individual. Influencing can change a person's behavior, attitude, goals, opinions, needs and values. Influence is a necessary part of leadership. It is concerned with how the leader affects followers. Influence is a necessary ingredient of leadership, without influence, leadership is non-existent. The influence dimension of leadership requires the leader to have an impact on the lives of those being led. To make a change in other people comes with an enormous amount of social and ethical burden. Various types of influence processes and the factors affecting them Leaders use variety of influence process to alter the behavior of people. The influence process changes according to the demands of the situation. Influence processes refer to the five ways leaders shape organizational variables including people and resources. The five influence processes are direct decisions, allocation of resources, reward system, selection and promotion of other leaders and role modeling. Each will be discussed in detail in the following paragraphs Direct decisions: Direct decisions provide the leaders the ability to influence the choices of their followers. This ability to influence comes with the control leaders have in formulating mission and vision aspects of an organization. The most important aspect giving power to leader in the organizational structure...
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...Hoa (Janice) Trinh Thesis: Influencing others is the most important and hardest to develop skill of a business leader. Abstract Leadership is more than a skill set. It is both an art and science which is including combination of various skills and gracious spirit. There are many researches, books about leadership and how to improve leadership skill. The purpose of this research is to identify whether ability to influence others is an important skill of a leader in business and how to improve that ability. By analyzing leadership in different theory and books from different sources, I clarify that the most important skill of business leader is to influence others and the ability to influence others is also very hard to develop. Data have been collected from books, interviews, newspapers and published reports. INTRODUCTION What is a good leader? Many books, researches and articles have talked about what is leadership and what makes a good leader. On daily life, leadership can mean teaching, guiding, correcting, observing, protecting, explaining, etc. A leader in business must have ability to see fundamental change, think about the future, make decision, and resolve conflict. Many theories have also been developed to determine and break down secret equation to a great leader. In most of these theories, integration ability in general and ability to influence others in detail is the common point. In this research paper, I will clearly state the definition of leadership...
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...Authors of The People Choice proposed the following Hypothesis: Influences deriving from the mass media first reach “opinion leaders” who, in turn, pass on what they read and hear to those of their everyday associates from whom they are influential. And that Hypothesis was called: “THE TWO-STEP FLOW OF COMMNICATION” Authors themselves intrigued by its implications for: • Democratic society: • They say it was better that people were more persuaded by the interaction with other people and that the influence of mass media was less automatic and less potent than had been assumed. • Social theory and communications research: • Hypothesis suggested that the image of modern urban society needed revision: image of the audience as a mass of disconnected individuals hooked up to the media but not to each other. IMPACTS OF THE HYPOTHESIS • The hypothesis in The People´s Choice, however, was not very well documented by empirical data: • The design of the study did not anticipate the importance which interpersonal relations would assume in the analysis of the data. • Interpersonal influence really attracted the attention of many researches of different kind, not just mass media researches: • Several studies in the following 17 years were conducted in Columbia University to examine the hypothesis and to build upon it. • 4 of those researches selected in the report for a review: • Merton´s study of interpersonal influence and communications behaviour in Rovere (1949). Decatur study...
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...Power and Influence: "Absolute power: All leaders should seek it" I - Introduction. - Paraphrase the question. - Your opinion: Strongly disagree with the topic. II - Mainbody. 1. Dask side: power corruption, abuse of power, power reduces empathy, abusive authority. 2. Define power, influence. The difference of power and influence. Sources of Power (French & Raven). 3. Beside the power, leader should looking for the influence. (Example). How leaders can use influence tactics (cite a few) in order to boost their influence. III - Conclusion. - Rephase the introduction. _____________________________________________________________ Introduction. Main body. Leaders shouldn't maintain too much power. Because power can have negative consequence such as corruption, workplace aggression, and abusive authority. Dask Side: - In Corruption: ‘attempts to create power by investing in outside option can lead to opportunistic behavior in the exchange relationships’ – (Malhotra & Gino). Power like a drug, some leaders who have power can probadly get drunk and want more than that, they become manipulators. Leaders will try to control their follower’s behavior to do what they want. This causes to followes feel uncomfortable and want to leave the companies. - In Workplace Aggression, ‘Efforts by individuals to harm others with whom they work’ – (Neuman & Baron). With power, leaders may abuse it in wrong way like push someone...
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...completion of organizational goals and objectives. Leaders have their own unique style and successful leaders inspire loyalty, respect, confidence and obedience. Dr. Stephen Covey defined leadership as communicating to people their worth and potential so clearly that they are inspired to see it in themselves ("The Leader Formula: The 4 Things That Make A Good Leader", 2012). The following paper is an overview on of an approach used in the study of leadership. The focus will be on the power-influence approach theories, strength, and weaknesses within the approach. Research Approach Leadership has been the subject of much research that has created a vast array of results. To classify leadership theory and research is, according to the type of variable emphasized the most. The three variables relevant to understanding leadership effectiveness are characteristics of leaders, characteristics of followers, and characteristics of the situation (Yukl, 2010). Over the past half century leader characteristics are the most emphasized. Power-influence Approach The power-influence approach attempts to understand leadership effectiveness in terms of the amount and type of power possessed by the leader. This approach examines how power is acquired, lost and maintained (Walonick, Ph.D., 1993). Yukl (2010 stated, “Power-influence research examines influence processes between leaders and other people” (p. 14). Like most research on...
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...requires directing and motivating others toward a common goal. Influence plays a major part in leadership to guide the individual, group, or organization to share in the success of a leader’s ideas and plans. A particular situation determines how much power and influence is needed by a leader. More influence is needed to make changes in strategy when strong resistance to change is encountered. Less influence is needed when people have the same objectives and are naturally motivated to do what is needed. Influenced derived from a position power is especially important when it is necessary to control rebels who try to disrupt the activities of the organization or criminals who want to steal its resources. This research will address the facts, and the strength and weaknesses of the Power-Influence Approach in leadership. Power-Influence Approach Influence is heart of leadership, and many leaders attempt to influence the attitudes and behavior of people, subordinates, coworkers, superiors, and outsiders (Yukl, 2006). Power-influence examines the processes of influence between leaders and other people (Yukl, 2006). A leader must be able to influence subordinates to commit his or her thoughts and skills toward the mission and goals of the organization. Both leadership and influence are linked to facilitate change, relationship building, and build an environment of trust. There are three kinds of influence positional and power and interpersonal (Neundorf, 2011). Many may...
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...and decision-making. The goal is to better understand how his transformational leadership style helped improve my leadership and build on the policies and procedures within the organization. In addition, I will include information pertaining to my own leadership assessment as it pertains to do you have what it takes to be a leader? Introduction This analysis will show how Kurt Griebel played an important role in the development of my managerial skills such as, knowledge, decision-making, and behavior. Organizational behavior depends on leaders, like Kurt Griebel, to manage others to achieve the company's goals and objectives. The definition of leadership is defined “as the use of power and influence to direct the activities of followers toward goal achievement” (Colquitt, Lepine, & Wesson, 2011, p. 485). An important aspect of Kurt’s leadership style was he used different decision-making processes to achieve the company’s goals and objectives. He was known in the Target Corporation as an effective leader who focused on the situation, and made a decision viewed by many as transparent and fair. This paper will show what made Kurt an exemplary leader by analyzing these key factors: 1. Organizational power 2. Contingency factors 3. Trust and ethics 4. Decision-making Context Throughout my employment with Target Kurt demonstrated his leadership ability on many occasions. However, if I have to choose one occasion in which...
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...Influence Processes MGT615 AIU September 9, 2013 Abstract After encouragement to write a brief article about "CEOs and presidents" for a management journal by a colleague, this paper will compare the leadership styles of three leaders: Andrea Jung, Indra Nooyi, and Brenda Barnes. It will include an introduction to the concept of influence processes, a summary of the various types of influence processes and the factors that can affect them, and an analysis of the processes used by the three leaders. It will also identify the processes that the leaders and top management team (TMT) are using to impact the organization. Influence Processes Influence processes are the processes a leader will use to influence their employees. There are four types of influence processes which are high-control innovator, status quo guardian, participative innovator, and process manager. There are six factors that could affect these influence processes, which are environment, structure, leadership, technology, strategy, and culture (Nahavandi, 2006). Andrea Jung, Indra Nooyi, and Brenda Barnes are three leaders with different leadership skills. A high challenge seeking leader with a desire for high control is a high-control innovator or HCI. This leader will maintain tight control of the organization while seeking a challenge. A high challenge seeking leader with a desire for low control is a participative innovator or PI. This leader will delegate control of the organization while...
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...of direct and indirect influences of ethical leadership and unit-level norms, standards, and sanctions pertaining to ethical behavior transmitted across multiple levels of an organizational hierarchy in this study. The researcher develop and test a model linking ethical leadership with unit ethical culture, both across and within organizational levels, examining how both leadership and culture relate to ethical cognitions and behaviors of lower-level followers. They develop a multilevel model in which ethical leadership, which is seen as a leader's use of social influence to promote ethical conduct. They developed a multilevel model to guide a study of the effects of ethical leadership and shared understandings about ethical conduct (ethical culture) on lower-level followers' ethical cognitions and behavior. This study was commissioned by the U.S. Army, which asked us to evaluate the ethical conduct, cognitions, attitudes, and well-being of soldiers during their combat deployment in Iraq in May 2009. The surveys were designed by the authors and were administered through the Inspector General (IG; the Army's official investigative office) and chaplains. They studied leaders and followers from the lowest three managerial levels in the U.S. Army: the typically nine-person squad (lowest level), the three- to four squad platoon (middle level), and the three- to four platoon company (highest level). Each level had its own leader who reported to the leader at the next higher level...
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...ULTIMATE LEADER The Ultimate Leader | Corinne Carson | Leadership | 2/23/2012 Leadership - MGT-485-O 12 The Ultimate Leader People long to be a part of something that makes a difference; that transcends the ordinary. People need to be led to follow a compelling mission, to find a reason for being, and to discover one’s purpose. A great leader is one who is able to provide a mission, offer motivation, and exude purpose (Hesselbein & Cohen, 1999). The ultimate leader is about the ability to lead followers in a way that provides support, inspiration, and admiration. The following paper will illustrate ultimate leadership with Mohandas Ghandi as the model. Power and influence will be explained as fundamental components of effective leadership. Examples of operative leadership values and traits will be provided. Foundational to leading others is a certain behavior characteristic in the ultimate leader. This paper will explain how followers reacted to Ghandi’s type of leadership, as well as the effects. Ghandi was a spiritual leader of India, yet his leadership penetrated throughout the world. Ghandi, the Ultimate Leader ‘Imitation is the sincerest flattery’ is one of Ghandi’s famous quotes. Honored as the Father of the Nation, Ghandi was a renowned spiritual leader in India and a leading advocate for non-violence. His ability to lead was accomplished using non-violence to achieve his goals. He was an inspirational leader fighting for...
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...Approaches 1. Charismatic Leadership- Describes follower perceptions that the leader is endowed with exceptional qualities. Have a strong need for power, high self-confidence, and a strong conviction in their beliefs and ideals. Expresses strong positive emotion such as enthusiasm and optimism to influence followers. Leaders who use authority to implement an innovative strategy for attaining important objectives may gain more expert power if the strategy is successful, but unless they articulate an ideological vision to justify the strategy, they are unlikely to appear charismatic. The leader's methods for attaining the idealized goal must differ from conventional ways of doing things in order to impress followers that the leader is extraordinary. Charismatic leaders are more likely to emerge in crisis situations where people are worried about economic loss, physical danger, or threats to core values. Charismatic leaders tend to make more risky decisions that can result in a serious failure, and they tend to make enemies who will use such a failure as an opportunity to remove the leader from office. 2. Transformational Leadership- Describes how effective leaders inspire and transform followers by appealing to their ideals and emotions. Appeals to moral values of followers in an attempt to raise their consciousness about ethical issues. Transformational behaviors include Idealized influence, Individualized consideration, Inspirational motivation, and Intellectual stimulation...
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...member of a group or organization influences other associates to help the group or organization accomplish its goals. Leaders are individuals who exert influence to help achieve group goals. There are two types of leaders, which are formal leaders and informal leaders. Formal leaders are managers who are given the authority to influence other associates in the organization to accomplish its goals. However, informal leaders are members of an organization with no formal authority but can exert just as much substantial influence in an organization because of their special skills or talents that will build the organization’s realization in helping them accomplish the goals. From the research that I have made, I find that Arnold Schwarzenegger was an informal leader at first as he had no formal authority to influence others but he only had his special skills and talents as an actor and a bodybuilder. From an informal leader, he then managed to run for the governor of California and received authority to lead California, which makes him a formal leader. Arnold Schwarzenegger experienced what is it to be the greatest bodybuilder of all time. His reputation in the bodybuilding world and blockbuster films makes him an informal leader. In addition, the President of the United States also acknowledged him for his expertise in physical fitness and his one of a kind ability to create ideas and share it with citizens of America. Furthermore, the leader trait approach sought to classify...
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...is a leader 2. What is a role of a leader in a community 3. Who is the ideal leader 4. What is leadership 2. A Leader in the society 1. What is positive leadership 2. How is a leader supposed to be 3. Influence from a leader 1. Moral 2. Spiritual 3. Physical 4. The power of a leader 1. Legitimate 2. Reward 3. Coercive 4. Expert 5. Styles of leadership 1. Exploitative 2. Benevolent 3. Participative 6. Characters of a good leader 1. Communication with others 2. Creating a path forward in leading 3. Dedication to tasks 4. Initiation of change where applicable 5. Promoting ethical conduct 7. Other add-ons 8. Conclusion INTRODUCTION Who are leaders? Leaders can be defined as those selected people who practice leadership. What is leadership then? Leadership can be defined as using of influence to make a person do something that the leader wants. Influence here stands for positive, personal, or sentimental bonds conjuring love, liking and admiration as the final result. Leadership, taking into consideration the definition shows that it has an everlasting effect on the practitioner and takes a long-term and can be used not only in the organization setting but also in all the aspects of life. This means that leadership is an art as well as a social science (deals with human behaviour) that creates positive outcomes/responses through positive leadership. Realization of this by the leader will make his followers (result of influence) seek...
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...studies dedicated to this very topic seeking to understand the makings of an effective leader. Research performed in the late 70’s by leadership expert, James M. Burns, moved the institution of leadership beyond the flawed wisdom of identifying leaders based solely upon those who seemingly possessed the ‘traits of effective leaders’. In actuality there are a specific integration of concepts that need to be in play beyond the archaic characters traits to be deemed an effective leader. For this reason organizations should seek to understand what makes a leader effective such as the leader’s level of power and more importantly his ability to wield that power to influence and motivate fellow employees. This paper serves to discuss the difference between the highly effective leader and the less effective leader, beginning with endorsements from respected leadership experts, followed by my personal leadership experience, and concluding with Scholarly Framework The plethora of research on studies seeking to discover the specificity of what makes an effective leader has given rise to the discovery of distinct behavioral characteristics that collectively form an effective leader. One doesn’t automatically become an effective leader because of a promotion to a lead position, it is realized through achieving a delicate balance of leadership concepts in regards to power, the ability to influence, his decision style of choice, and his ability to maintain effectual relationships, and...
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