Lecture 1. Introduction. Basic definitions of (OHS) occupational health and safety and life activities In full are the key concepts in health and safety in the following legal and regulatory "Law on safety in emergency situations," "Labor Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan,» etc. Here are some of them that are most often manifested in the practice of any person. Knowing these definitions allow a deeper understanding of the problems associated with the existence of man in the course of employment and other activities. Article 1 of the "Labor Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan" is the following definition of occupational safety - safety system health and safety in the workplace, which includes legal, social, economic, organizational, technical, sanitary and epidemiological, medical and preventive treatment, rehabilitation and other activities and facilities. With this definition, the definition overlaps safety - the state of security of workers, to ensure comprehensive measures that exclude the impact of harmful and hazardous factors on workers in the course of employment. Of the two, the definition that is the main work - human activity aimed at creating material, wind and other values required for life and meet the needs of individuals and society. In connection with this definition of labor - the sphere of human activity is diverse: education, sports, culture, construction, etc. It should be noted that, in accordance with the basic axiom of human activities, which states that "any activity potentially dangerous." Among all kinds of educational activities may seem safer. However, without a systematic approach to educational activities can lead to a huge expenditure of time and eventually lead to a nervous breakdown and in the worst case, the nervous shock with severe disorders of consciousness. Therefore, many parents in the formation of the knowledge that their children are turning to various educational and training organizations: nurseries and kindergartens, schools, universities, etc., which amassed some experience of system to prepare children to acquire knowledge in any field of activity, based on regulatory and legal approaches to the education of children to work. It can be concluded that the standards should be developed in the field of occupational health and safety, which should include ergonomic, sanitary-epidemiological, physiological, and other requirements to ensure fair working conditions. Therefore, for a person to be created working conditions, including the payment terms, the valuation of labor, working time and rest time, the order matching trades (positions) expansion of service areas, the duties of a temporarily absent employee health and safety, technical, industrial and domestic conditions, and the other on the coherence of the parties working conditions. As can be seen working conditions encompasses various aspects of human society, and respect labor rights, which include relationships such as the expansion of service areas and responsibilities temporarily absent employee. However, these other relationships should be implemented as agreed conditions. Hence it must be

concluded that the contracting parties must find compromise solutions to satisfy them. Safety standards - is qualitative and quantitative indicators, sample conditions, productivity and labor process in terms of organizational, technical, sanitary, biological and other rules, regulations, procedures, and criteria to the health and lives of workers in their employment. Other concepts, definitions, and specific terms of security and labor laws will be discussed in the relevant sections of the study of safety. The main purpose of life safety and health - is to protect people from the adverse effects of human, technological and natural origin and ensure comfortable living conditions. Learning objects of (OSH) and (FSLA) - a man in the process of life, nature and the working environment and conditions, the relationship with the environment, industrial equipment and processes, the organization of labor and production, as well as emergency - rescue and other emergency operations. The subject of operational safety and health (OSH) and fundamentals safety of life activity (FSLA) as a science is the study of working conditions and emergencies aimed at ensuring not only safe working, but also to create favorable conditions for raising them and life. The tasks of the discipline derived from requirements for knowledge and skills of future professionals in accordance with the state standard on the main higher education on their specialty. Safety of life activity (SLA) - a set of measures aimed at safe human interaction with the environment and its protection, sustainability of facilities management in emergency situations, prevention and elimination of consequences of natural man-made disasters, as well as the use of modern means of destruction. Economic objects - buildings, and other structures used in the interest of industrial, agricultural and other sectors of society. Organization - a group of people together implement the program or purpose and acting based on certain rules and regulations. 1.Accident at work - the impact on the employee harmful and (or) hazardous factors in the performance of labor (service) duties or tasks of the employer, which resulted in a work accident, a sudden deterioration in health worker or poisoning leading to temporary or permanent disability , occupational disease, or death. 2.Accident - Undesired circumstances which give rise to ill-health or injury, damage to property, plant, products or the environment; production losses or increased liabilities. 3. Accident - process malfunction, damage to machinery, equipment and structures. Risk - the probability of harm as a result of a natural or legal person's life or human health, the environment, the property interests of the state according to the gravity of its implications. Danger/Hazard - a negative phenomenon due to the energy state of the environment by human activities, which can, under certain conditions, cause damage to anything in the (human, nature, buildings, constructions, etc.).

The sources of risks in specific activities may be: - The man himself as a complex system of "body-person", in which adverse health heredity, physiological limitations of the body, psychological disorders and anthropometric person may not be suitable for the implementation of specific activities; - Elements of the environment, which for any business are: objects, tools, and products of labor, energy used, climatic conditions of life or microclimatic conditions (temperature, humidity and air velocity), animal and plant life, a group of people, an individual; - The processes of interaction between man and the elements of the environment. The life cycle of man and his environment habitat form a permanent system "man - the habitat." Habitat - the human environment due to present a set of factors (physical, chemical, biological, and social) that could have a direct or indirect, immediate or remote effects on human performance, health and breed. By acting in this system, a person continuously solves at least two major challenges: - Sufficient in food, water and air; - Create and use protection from negative impacts from both the environment and their own kind. Biosphere - the area of distribution of life on Earth, including the lowest layer of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and the top layer has not experienced industrial impact. Technosphere - the region of the biosphere in the past, the converted people by direct or indirect effects of technical means in order to best suit their material and socio-economic needs (the technosphere - the region of the city or industrial area, industrial or home environment). Region - an area with common characteristics of the biosphere or the technosphere. Work environment - a space in which the labor is performed by human activities. Transition from the biosphere to the technosphere contributed to: higher rate of population growth in the world (population explosion) and urbanization; consumption growth and the concentration of energy resources; intensive development of industrial and agricultural production; the massive use of public transport; rising costs for military purposes, and a number of other processes. Emergency situation - the situation in a particular area, resulting from accident, disaster or accident, which resulted or may result in loss of life, damage to their health, the environment and facilities management, significant financial loss and breach of conditions of the population.

Natural emergencies - emergencies caused by natural disasters (earthquakes, mudslides, avalanches, floods, and other), natural fires, epidemics, epizootics, lesions crop and forest pests and diseases; Technogenic emergencies - emergencies caused by industrial, transport and other accidents, fires (explosions), accidents, emissions (the threat of discharge) of highly toxic, radioactive and biological hazards, a sudden collapse of buildings, dam, accidents on electricity and communication systems, life support systems, sewage treatment plants; Area emergency - defined territory on which an emergency. On the extent and scope of damage emergencies of natural and man-made disasters are divided at the facility, local, regional and global. Disaster - a devastating event that caused the emergency situation of regional or global scale. Natural disaster - this is a natural phenomenon that occurs is usually sudden and leads to a dramatic disruption of normal life of the population, the loss of life and livestock, damage and destruction of property. Prevention of emergency situations - a set of activities carried out in advance and aimed at the greatest possible reduction in the risk of emergencies, maintaining the health and life of humans, reducing the damage and material losses. Emergency response - rescue, emergency recovery and other urgent works carried out in an emergency and life-saving and preserving health, reducing the damage and material losses, as well as the location of the zones of emergency situations. (Escape, Evacuation, Rescue philosophy)