...means that which is "around the tooth". It provides the abutment all-important to advance teeth in function. The capital functions of periodontium is it provides attachment of teeth to the bone and to one another, adjustment to the changes due to ageing and wear, defense against noxious substances in oral cavity, resistance towards masticatory forces. It consists of four arch apparatus namely: gingival,...
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...(NO 2) CASE STUDY 2: BENEFIT SEGMENTATION IN THE ORAL CARE MARKET. 5 PRODUCT VERSION THAT OFFER SIMILAR BENEFITS BY COLGATE. 1. Colgate Total 12 New advanced Colgate Total provides 12-hour protection against bacteria build-up for Superior Oral Health vs regular fluoride toothpaste. Provide 12 hours protection against bacteria build up for superior Oral Health. Fight germs 12 hours and help prevent plague, gum problems, tartar build up, cavities and bad breath. 2. Colgate Advanced White Colgate Advanced White with micro-cleansing crystals is clinically proven to gently polish and effectively whiten your teeth in 14 days. Help to whiter teeth in 14 days, prevent stains from adhering, fight tartar, cavities and palgue and freshens breath. 3. Colgate Triple Action Colgate Triple Action for stronger teeth, whiter teeth and fresher breath. There are three stripes for three way protection, fluride strengthens teeth agains tooth decay, gentle cleaning crystals help remove surface stains and freshens up your whole mouth. 4. Colgate Maximum Cavity Protection Colgate Maximum Cavity Protection with a liquid Calcium and Fluoride formula, gets all around and in-between teeth, even places that toothbrush cant always reach, and gives two times better cavity protection. Help fight cavities, cleans teeth throughly, leaves whole mouth feeling clean, strenghtens teeth, freshens breath and great mint taste. 5. Colgate Optic White™ Colgate® Optic White™ has Whitening Accelerators...
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...The Caries Process Karen Nelson Saint Petersburg College June 24, 2012 The Caries Process The caries process or how a cavity develops in the oral cavity is a complex process and requires several contributing factors to occur. In order to understand the caries process fully we will discuss all of the factors involved. Such factors include: the agent (acidogenic bacteria), the host (the tooth, quality and quantity of saliva, and immune responses) and the environment (the patient’s diet, amount/frequency and kind of food or drink consumed and the intake of fermentable carbohydrates). We will then discuss demineralization and remineralization (the body’s natural repairing of the tooth) and their roles in the caries process. We will also take a look at how caries are diagnosed and detected, what a caries risk assessment is, its factors and how it can be utilized on individual patients for caries prevention. Finally, we will discuss how dental caries is treated at all levels of the caries process. Caries, also known as tooth decay or cavities, is a bacterial infection transmitted primarily through saliva, leading to the destruction of enamel, cementum and dentin. Although caries is an infectious disease of the teeth, it is more accurate to say caries is caused by a shift in oral micro-flora to caries-causing types in response to acidity resulting from metabolism of sugars. (Higham, 2010) Three major factors contribute to the caries process: food or beverages that are...
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...conditions, such as hypercalcemia of malignancy; Paget’s disease of bone; multiple myeloma; and metastases from distant sites such as breast, thyroid, prostate glands, and lung. The oral form of BPs is indicated in the management of osteoporosis, fibrous dysplasia, and most recently, osteogenesis imperfecta in the pediatric population.2,3 Currently, there are 5 bisphosphonates in clinical use: alendronate (Fosamax; Merck, Whitehouse Station, NJ), risedronate (Actonel; Proctor & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Cincinnati, OH), ibandronate (Boniva; Roche Pharmaceuticals, Nutley, NY), zoledronate (Zometa; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ), and pamidronate (Aredia; Novartis Pharmaceuticals). All 5 medications differ in their binding affinity to bone, potency, and duration.2–5 B Osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ) is a condition characterized by necrotic exposed bone in the jaws of patients receiving intravenous or oral bisphosphonate therapy. A review of the medical and dental literature reveals that the pathoetiology of ONJ remains unknown and there is no established link that bisphosphonates are the primary cause of this bone pathology. However, there is clinical evidence that Actinomyces may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of bisphosphonate-associated ONJ. Identification and a prolonged course of oral antimicrobial therapy may lead to complete resolution of this actinomycotic osteonecrosis. (Implant Dent...
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...the formation of new bone tissue [3]. Marsupialisation, decompression, and the Partsch operation all refer to creating a surgical window in the wall of the cyst, evacuating the contents of the cyst, and maintaining continuity between the cyst and the oral cavity, maxillary sinus, or nasal cavity. The alveolar site removed to create a window is the only portion of the cyst that is removed. The remaining cystic lining is left. This process decreases the intracystic pressure and results in shrinkage of the cyst and the bone regeneration. Marsupialisation -This method is usually used only for the removal of large cysts and creates...
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...through dental extractions or other means, has long term clinical sequelae associated with it. Osteonecrosis of the jaw, bacteremia, orbital cellulitis, and other psychological and physiological clinical sequelae that impact the well-being of the patient will be discussed. Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is defined as the presence of exposed bone in the mouth that fails to heal after appropriate intervention over a period of 6 to 8 weeks (Reid), and results in chronic osteomyelitis with areas of bone necrosis. Most commonly affecting the mandible (Bagan), patients with ONJ experience symptoms that range from painless exposed bone to severe jaw pain (Sambrook). The majority of cases of ONJ have been found to be initiated and associated with tooth extraction procedures as a result of the introduction of oral flora to the exposed jaw bone that prevents healing and becomes infected (Ruggiero). In addition to tooth extractions being a precipitating event to ONJ, it has been found that ONJ occurs in patients who have previously undergone chemotherapy treatment for cancer and take bisphosphonate medications to counteract the effects of osteoporosis. Bisphosphonates are used for cancer treatment and osteoporosis because of its anti-angiogenic properties and ability to inhibit osteoclast action, respectively. This in turn manages the hypercalcemia that is seen in bone...
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...cleft lip and palate. 1. Hard palate: In simple words we can say that hard palate is a bony part of the roof of the mouth. We cannot see the bones because it is covered by the mucosa ( moist , pink tissue covering the body parts ). When you open your mouth you can see the hard palate which is present in front of your mouth. Hard palate is made up of processes of maxilla and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones. It is bounded: • Anteriorly and Laterally : alveolar arches or maxillary teeth • Superiorly : respiratory epithelium of nasal cavity • Inferiorly : masticatory epithelium of oral cavity • Posteriorly : connected to the soft palate Blood supply of hard palate is mainly from greater palatine artery and nerve supply is via tha anterior palatine and nasopalatine nerves. [2] 2. Soft palate : It also known as " Velum palatinum ". Posteriorly hard palate...
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...i DECOCTION OF GUAVA LEAVES AS SUBSTITUTE FOR HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN REMOVAL OF CALCULUS IN ORAL PROPHYLAXIS A Research Paper made for the Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement in Research II presented to Mrs. Ferrera E. Oira Arbas, Maureen B. Caballero, Amadeo John N. Morales, Ian Paul P. Ramon Teves Pastor Memorial Dumaguete Science High School SY 2013-2014 ii ABSTRACT Calculus is such a burden to many people, it can cause severe oral diseases and most of all, it makes you. Most of the people suffering from calculus go to the dentist for oral prophylaxis. Dentists use hydrogen peroxide to make the calculus soft so it would be easy to get. The researchers made a substitute for hydrogen peroxide and this substitute will make use of one of the gift of nature for us, the healing wonders of herbs. The researchers use boiled guava leaves as substitute for hydrogen peroxide. The researchers chose guava leaves because it contains many antibacterial cell like what is in Hydrogen Peroxide. The researchers have four samples of calculus from different persons, each of the samples were measured and was grouped into two treatments. Each of the treatment has 2 replicates. Every replicate were placed on the treatments together at the same time. The calculus was taken out of the treatment at exactly 4 hours after it was placed on the treatment. The researchers measured their weights, and then data were collected and analyzed thoroughly. The researchers used T-test as their...
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...Background Patient A has authorised consent to the writer of this case study to share the detail of their condition. It has been ensured the information provided does not allow the recognition and follow up of this individual. The patient chosen for this portion of assignment is a 47 year old male who lives with his wife and two kids. He works part-time as a customer service manager and attends the practice every six months for a regular check-up, however due to his recent knee surgery; he has been unable to do so. This patient struggles with his weight and suffers from high blood pressure. This condition damages the blood vessels, forcing the heart to work faster which would eventually lead to heart failure (Gregson 2001). To treat his condition, this patient takes ACE inhibitors every day. He also suffers from arthritis and takes Azathioprine as a source of medication. He has no allergies, smokes 10 cigarettes a day and consumes 25 units of alcohol a week. Patient A consumes fizzy beverages during and after his meals and snacks on sweets in between. Due to his poor oral hygiene and high consumption of sugar in his diet, he has developed caries in his lower left 6. It is evident that sugar consumption mostly in sticky form between meals increases the risk of caries (Felton 2009). His poor oral hygiene is reflected on the number of restorations present within his mouth, mostly in his pre-molars and molars. He also has a porcelain bonded crown present on the lower right 5...
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...The frustration in the room grew palpable as after obtaining and reviewing dozens of images of the patient's oral and nasal cavities a source of bleeding still could not be identified. The physician in charge looked very upset about the whole story. I knew it was my professional duty to speak up and convey my suspicions that the bleeding, in fact, was not originating from the patient's oral cavity, but related to the tracheostomy. Fighting my internal intimidation, I politely asked the doctor, if there was any chance, he could inspect the area around the patient's tracheostomy site. I explained that looking through the patient's records and observing the patterns of bleeding, I suspected, that the bleeding followed the trach insertion. Initially, the doctor was hesitant, and replied that the consult request stated that the patient was bleeding from her oral cavity. Reluctantly, he agreed to discuss the matter with the HVICU attending over the phone. I dialed the attending, and after a short conversation, the HUP doctor proceeded with imaging of the neck. I held my breath in anticipation watching his facial expression as he was carefully inspecting the neck imaging. In fact, that’s where he found the bleeding, which originated...
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...Table of Contents Introduction…………………….………………………………………………………………….3 Review of literature………... …………………………………………………………………….3 Framework...............................................................................................................................…... 6 Hypothesis…….. …….……….………………………………………………………………….. 6 Research questions……. …….……………………………………………………………….…...6 Methods…………………….…………………………………………………………………..…4 Design …………………………………..………………………………………………….7 Intervention ……………..……………………………..………………………………….. 7 Sample/Setting …………………….…………………………..……………………………7 Power analysis …………………………………..…………….……………………………8 Instrumentation ...............................................................................................................…...8 Data collection ……………………………………..………….……………………………8 Statistics and data analysis …………………………………………………………….…...9 Expected results …………………………………………………………………………………..9 References cited………………………………………………………………………………….10 Appendix A………………………………………………………………………………………13 Appendix B………………………………………………………………………………………14 Appendix C………………………………………………………………………………………15 Appendix D………………………………………………………………………………………16 Ventilator associated pneumonia and chlorhexidine use in the traumatic brain injured patient Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), is defined as, a nosocomial pneumonia that develops more than 48 hours following endotrachial intubation and mechanical...
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...Journal of Intensive Care Medicine http://jic.sagepub.com/ The Impact of a Simple, Low-cost Oral Care Protocol on Ventilator-associated Pneumonia Rates in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit Carrie S. Sona, Jeanne E. Zack, Marilyn E. Schallom, Maryellen McSweeney, Kathleen McMullen, James Thomas, Craig M. Coopersmith, Walter A. Boyle, Timothy G. Buchman, John E. Mazuski and Douglas J. E. Schuerer J Intensive Care Med 2009 24: 54 originally published online 17 November 2008 DOI: 10.1177/0885066608326972 The online version of this article can be found at: http://jic.sagepub.com/content/24/1/54 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Journal of Intensive Care Medicine can be found at: Email Alerts: http://jic.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://jic.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://jic.sagepub.com/content/24/1/54.refs.html >> Version of Record - Jan 14, 2009 OnlineFirst Version of Record - Nov 17, 2008 What is This? Downloaded from jic.sagepub.com at UNIV OF THE INCARNATE WORD on April 15, 2013 Original Research The Impact of a Simple, Low-cost Oral Care Protocol on Ventilator-associated Pneumonia Rates in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit Journal of Intensive Care Medicine Volume 24 Number 1 January/February 2009 54-62 # 2009 SAGE Publications 10.1177/0885066608326972 http://jicm.sagepub...
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...COMMUNITY INTERVENTION FOR DENTAL CARIES Community Intervention for Dental Caries Avril James-Hurt MPH 607: Community Health Analysis Benedictine University Professor Uche S. Onwuta Background Rural Healthcare Disparities The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) (2010) defines rural as a twofold concept: “micropolitan statistical area” of 10,000 to 50,000 inhabitants and “noncore statistical area”, which is smaller than a micropolitan area. Despite 25 percent of Americans live in rural communities, they have unique healthcare concerns; “Compared with urban Americans, rural residents have higher poverty rates… tend to be in poorer health, have fewer doctors, hospitals, and other health resources, and face more difficulty getting to health services” (AHRQ, 2010, p. H-10). The AHRQ (2010) explains further, “Residents of micropolitan areas had worse access to care for 50% of access measures. Residents of noncore areas had worse access to care for about 40% of access measures” (p. H-11). Rural children suffer health the aforementioned disparities; more than 30 percent of young children in the rural southern United States are poor. Due to their developing bodies; younger children are especially vulnerable to negative health outcomes. Childhood health problems can persist into adulthood. McKenzie, Pinger, & Kotecki (2008) explain it is difficult for unhealthy children to learn. Early childhood poverty is correlated with fewer years of completed matriculation...
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...Lung Abscess Background Lung abscess is defined as necrosis of the pulmonary tissue and formation of cavities containing necrotic debris or fluid caused by microbial infection. The formation of multiple small (< 2 cm) abscesses is occasionally referred to as necrotizing pneumonia or lung gangrene. Both lung abscess and necrotizing pneumonia are manifestations of a similar pathologic process. Failure to recognize and treat lung abscess is associated with poor clinical outcome. In the 1920s, approximately one third of patients with lung abscess died; Dr David Smith postulated that aspiration of oral bacteria was the mechanism of infection. He observed that the bacteria found in the walls of the lung abscesses at autopsy resembled the bacteria noted in the gingival crevice. A typical lung abscess could be reproduced in animal models via an intratracheal inoculum containing, not 1, but 4 microbes, thought to be Fusobacterium nucleatum, Peptostreptococcus species, a fastidious gram-negative anaerobe, and, possibly, Prevotella melaninogenicus. Lung abscess was a devastating disease in the preantibiotic era, when one third of the patients died, another one third recovered, and the remainder developed debilitating illnesses such as recurrent abscesses, chronic empyema, bronchiectasis, or other consequences of chronic pyogenic infections. In the early postantibiotic period, sulfonamides did not improve the outcome of patients with lung abscess until the penicillins and tetracyclines...
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