...manage organisational behaviour. That means that he or she must have the capacity to • understand the behavioural patterns of individuals, groups and organisations, • predict the behavioural responses that will most probably follow managerial actions, and • use this understanding and these predictions to achieve control. The models or implicit theories that managers develop from everyday life to achieve the above mentioned results, are often inadequate because it depends on personal experience that may be narrow or static, and they vary in quality, sophistication and validity Therefore, a roadmap or guide for analysis and action is necessary. Any model influences the kinds of data we collect and the kinds we ignore; models guide our approach to analysing and interpreting the data we have; models help us to choose our course of action. We aim to present a model here that is build on the premise that for an organisation to be effective it subparts must be consistently managed to approach a state of congruence. It is an open systems model. A system is a set of interrelated elements and an open system is one that relates to its environment. It takes inputs from its environment, transforms them and produces outputs. General characteristics of systems As systems organisations display the following characteristics. Internal interdependence: Changes in one component of the organisation have repercussions for other parts. Capacity for feedback:...
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...are on edge with hierarchical execution incorporating those included in strategic planning, authoritative operations, fund, legitimate, and improvement of the organisation. The competency of an organisation to fit in with its central goal through administration that is systematic, a governance that is dynamic and a determination to fulfill results is frequently expressed as great organisational performance. Organisations that have the capacity to make an adaptable, high-performing organisation which is focus on learning is seen as having the capacity to leap forward. It is thus the key to getting the upper hand in a quick moving...
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...accountability hierarchies (organisations) = using discretion and judgement in making decisions in carrying out a task* within certain parameters (including time limits). - Jaques, 1989 The capacity to work depends on one’s knowledge and experience, skills, temperament and wisdom, and it is driven by one’s values. *A task is an assignment to produce a specific output (valued goal) within a target completion time Maximum target completion time Prescribed limits, laws, etc. Resources and methods Feedback Data Mind processes (Discretion / Judgement / Decision) Feedback Data Resources and methods Prescribed limits, laws, etc. 8 7 6 5 Context: Environment 5 Value add: Life of the organisation 5 Problem-solving approach: Whole systems 4 Context: The mission 4 Value add: Strategic practice 4 Problem-solving approach: Parallel processing 3 Context: System 3 Value add: Best practice 3 Problem-solving: Alternative paths 2 Context: Procedure 2 Value add: Service 2 Problem-solving: Diagnostic accumulation 1 Context: Standards 1 Value add: Quality 1 Problem-solving: Direct judgement Work strata 5 4 3 2 1 Congruence model MBA514 Spring 2013 Basic assumptions A manager must manage organisational behaviour. That means that he or she must have the capacity to • understand the behavioural patterns of individuals, groups and organisations, • predict the behavioural responses that will most probably follow managerial actions, and • use this...
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...Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the | |Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. | MODULE N°4 RESTRUCTURING AND CHANGE MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION With rapid changes in economic and technical environment, the firm must be ready to cope withperiod of organisational transitional. Organisational change generates new management issues and managers have to anticipate their strong repercussions since the beginning of change process. The main objective of this module is to give to the future consultant the tools necessary for internal adaptation to restructuring imperatives and managing the change process. This training course is organised over 5 days of 6 working hours facilitated by a trainer whose professional experience will enrich and develop practical insightsinto theManagement Consulting sector. LEARNING OBJECTIVES This training programme addresses the needs of experienced employeeswho must know about the main issues linked to organisational change management. In order to deal with all these questions, this module covers the principal theories associated with restructuring and change management processes. Secondly, it aims to transfer these ideas into practical approaches, for the reality...
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...VIRTOUS SPIRALLING The L.F.S model aptly captures the new thinking in Leadership studies. The efficacy of the model is found in its instruction that organisational effectivenesss is a function of the leader, followers and the situation within a strategic framework. Much as competencies and skills ( Hughes, Ginnet and Curphy, 2009:265 ) that can make a leader effective have been identified and prescribed, the quality followership and an understanding of the situations are germane to leadership and organisational success. One important definition of leadership is that a leader achieves the set goals of especially an organised group by the leader influencing (Hughes, Ginnet and Curphy, 2009: 4) others.. This definition underscores the importance of the need for collaborative efforts in the achievement of great goals . Charismatic leadership often builds passion and galvanisethem into enthusisatically collaborating for the common good of all, even in the face of compelling diversity. Followers have been known to influence the process of leadership. In the same vein that leadership is complex, leadership situations can also be complex.. The external and organisational environment have continued to chang and influence leadership context. The potency of situation in leadership effectiveness and business succes is also underscored by the observation that the success of a leader in a context is not a guaurantee for the success of the same leader in a different context...
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...American International Journal of Contemporary Research Vol. 3 No. 5; May 2013 Development of a Water Management Decision Model for Limpopo Province of South AfricaBased on Congruence between Sector Challenge and Service Organization Capacity Khathutshelo A. Tshikolomoa Azwihangwisi E. Nesamvunia Sue Walkerb Aldo Stroebela Izak Groenewalda a Centre for Sustainable Agriculture University of the Free State Bloemfontein, 9300 South Africa. b Department of Soil Crop and Climate Sciences University of the Free State Bloemfontein, 9300 South Africa. Abstract The study highlightedchallenges affecting the water sector in Limpopo Province, identified water service organisations (WSOs), assessedthe degree of congruence between the challenges and capacities of WSOs, and finally proposeda water management decision model for the area. Water challenges were (a) scarce resource availability and inadequate storage, (b) some dam never filling up, (c) poor resource knowledge of water managers, (d) lack of stakeholder participation in resource decision making, and (e) poor allocations to rural communities. The main WSOs were Department of Water Affairs-DWA (congruence rating=2.00) and water service authorities (WSAs), namely: Mopani District Municipality-MDM (congruence rating=2.15), Vhembe District Municipality-VDM (2.15) and Polokwane Local Municipality-PLM (2.15). The degree of congruence was high (2.75) between challenges and strategies, moderate (2.45) between...
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...Cycles of Organisational Learning: A Conceptual Approach Dr Peter Murray Senior Lecturer Division of Economic and Financial Studies, Department of Business, Macquarie University, NSW. Australia. Phone +61 2 98508468 Email: p.murray@mq.edu.au Key Words: unbounded learning, integrated learning cycles, competencies Abstract In an environment of rapid change, organisational learning theory appears to offer much for organisations trying to grapple with change and growth. Not all theorists agree on the methodologies of organisational learning however, and there is little consensus about how organisations achieve both change and growth simultaneously. This paper attempts to expand the simplistic idea that organisational learning is an adaptive approach supported by individualized and stand-alone strategies of learning. The paper demonstrates how various conventions of learning can be understood as integrated learning cycles from which organisations can chart new paradigms of learning in practice. Current theories of organizational learning are imbued with their own sense of history making, clever manifestos that support a workshop or case study approach, and questionable rather than empirical validations of internally consistent phenomenon. Existing theories of learning however are valuable to the extent that they collectively represent a community of practice from which scholars and practitioners benefit. New conceptual approaches are needed...
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...Cost Leadership Type Reserve capacity and Excess Capacity The CL type of player is characterised by economics of capacity. The key point for CL type is to focus on Reserve Capacity . It could be described as “installed capacity” . For example beer producer in Europe design their facilities according to demand in summer even though the demand for beer during winter is lesser. The reserve capacity give sustainable competitive advantage because it allows to increase the production at lesser marginal cost . The reserve capacity could also be described as a condition when marginal cost is decreasing at the increasing rate . Accordingly the excess capacity is a condition when marginal cost is increasing at increasing rate. Short run cost curve: C MES Q The curve describes the short run cost function . The MES point is the Minimum Efficient Scale , the point when is the production is most cost efficient . If the firm produce on the left from that point it has Excess Capacity . If the management focuses on reserve capacity it will reach the effect of LMC = 0 (marginal cost is decreasing at the increasing rate) . The graph bellow presents SAC ( short ran average cost ) curves for multiple sites and LAC ( long run average cost curve . The graphs shows how the utilization of multiple sites can reduce the LAC at the increasing rate. All plants produce at MES point. ...
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...Reflection Organisational legitimacy, capacity and capacity development Mobilising against hunger and for life: An analysis of Derick W. Brinkerhoff capacity and change in a Brazilian network John Saxby Pretoria, South Africa Discussion paper No 58A June 2005 European Centre for Development Policy Management Centre européen de gestion des politiques de développement Study of Capacity, Change and Performance Notes on the methodology The lack of capacity in low-income countries is one of the main constraints to achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Even practitioners confess to having only a limited understanding of how capacity actually develops. In 2002, the chair of Govnet, the Network on Governance and Capacity Development of the OECD, asked the European Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM) in Maastricht, the Netherlands to undertake a study of how organisations and systems, mainly in developing countries, have succeeded in building their capacity and improving performance. The resulting study focuses on the endogenous process of capacity development - the process of change from the perspective of those undergoing the change. The study examines the factors that encourage it, how it differs from one context to another, and why efforts to develop capacity have been more successful in some contexts than in others. The study consists of about 20 field cases carried out according to a methodological framework with seven components, as follows:...
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...3.3. 3.4. 3.5. 4. Research Topic ...................................................................................................................................... 3 Problem in Context ................................................................................................................................ 3 Problem Review ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Poor Strategic Management/ Leadership ......................................................................................... 5 Poor Financial Management ............................................................................................................. 5 Poor Organisational Performance Management............................................................................... 5 Human Resource Management ........................................................................................................ 6 Operations Management ................................................................................................................... 6 Research Statement .............................................................................................................................. 7 Objectives...
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...management team and present my findings in the form of a report to the board. The purpose of the team is to manage the company’s operations and to maximise capacity and productivity within the organisation. The culture, dynamic and behavior of the team itself in relation to the rest of the organisation will determine to a greater or lesser extent its effectiveness in achieving its intended purpose. The role of the team will be examined in relation to its context both within the organisation and within behavioral theories in terms of its development and operation. The leadership within and outside the team will be examined - including relevant theoretical aspects to leadership that exists within KGNZ. The analysis of the team’s effectiveness will focus on both behavioral aspects of the team and its make-up and also specific company set objectives of the team in promoting the capacity and productivity of the organisation. In order to gauge effectiveness of the team against its current purpose it is necessary to examine specific aspects of the company that are directly within the team’s purview being issues of capacity and productivity within the organisation and how the team currently deals with these as well as make several recommendations that could improve the current status quo. In order to analyse the team’s cultural and organisational dynamic as well as leadership dynamics it is necessary to examine the relationships of the team and how they determine its effectiveness. Each member...
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...PP. 70 – 82 European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 5, pp 70-82, August 2012. URL: http://www.ejbss.com/recent.aspx ISSN: 2235 -767X IMPACT OF EMPLOYEES SAFETY CULTURE ON ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN SHELL BONNY TERMINAL INTEGRATED PROJECT (BTIP) Dr. M.O. Agwu, MNIM, MNISP Department of Business Administration, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State ABSTRACT he paper focuses on the impact of employees’ safety culture on organizational performance (improved management/employees safety practices, enhanced productivity, increased profitability and reduced accident/ incident rate) in shell bonny terminal integrated project. It defines employees’ safety culture as a product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the level of commitment, style and proficiency of an organization’s safety management system. It assumes that inculcation of employees’ safety culture on the workforce at the task level using behavior-based safety culture approach (enforcement and education) has an influence on employees’ safety performance as well as on company performance: enhancement of productivity, profitability and loss control through reduction of accident/incident rate. The paper posits that: if construction companies in Shell Bonny terminal integrated project (BTIP) inculcate safety culture in their workforce through changing employees’ attitude to safety, there...
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...Transformational change in organisations: a self-regulation approach Transformational change in organisations 143 Purpose – The purpose of the present paper is to advance a testable model, rooted on well-established control and self-regulation theory principles, explaining the causal links between change-related sensemaking, interpretation, readiness and subsequent behavioural action. Design/methodology/approach – Following a review of the two motivation theories and clarification of change-related sensemaking, interpretation, and readiness concepts, the paper proposes a series of research propositions (illustrated by a conceptual model) clarifying how these concepts interact with self-regulating mechanisms. In addition, the feedback model exemplifies how cognitive processes triggered by new knowledge structures relate to behavioural action. Findings – The model expands upon other existing frameworks by allowing the examination of multi-level factors that account for, and moderate causal links between, change-related sensemaking, interpretation, readiness, and behavioural action. Suggestions for future research and guidelines for practice are outlined. Practical implications – The variables and processes depicted in the model provide guidelines for change management in organisations, both for individuals and for groups. By eliciting important self-regulating functions, change agents will likely facilitate sensemaking processes, positive interpretations of change, change...
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...22-25 | | SEM PLS | 26-34 | | Hierarchical Regression | 35 | V | Findings | 36-38 | VI | Conclusion | 39 | VII | Reference | 40-45 | VIII | Annexure | 44-48 | ABSTRACT The study on Psychological Capital, Job Satisfaction & Organisational Citizenship Behaviour explores the association of employees psychological capital with there job satisfaction and organisational citizenship behaviour in IT sector. The study also tries to examine the mediating role played by job satisfaction between psychological capital and Organisational citizenship behaviour. A self reported paper based questionnaire survey will be conducted on employees working in IT firms in Kochi. The study was conducted among employees who were team leaders and entry level engineers employed at IT firms in Kochi. The employee with positive psychological capital and job satisfaction will exhibit organisational citizenship behaviour. Many studies have been conducted previously to identify the relationship between the variables such as on Psychological Capital, Job Satisfaction & Organisational Citizenship Behaviour. The research showed positive relation among the three variables and job satisfaction having partial mediation between psychological capital and organisational citizenship behaviour. LITERATURE REVIEW I. LITERATURE REVIEW Information technology is playing a major role in India today and has transformed India's image from a slow moving bureaucratic economy to a land of innovation. The IT sector...
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...retaining people, maintaining the business ethos and controlling growth in what remains an incredibly competitive industry. Through recession and as we exit, a strategic approach to business management is key to longevity and sustainability of an organisation. In the context of Read Construction Holdings Ltd (the writer’s organisation), there are significant changes currently underway – a new business plan targeting significant growth over 3 years, new directors and ownership and a marketing strategy targeting increasingly large complex projects of a Design and Build nature. To achieve this, some form of change is required and much of this change may come through innovation. This assignment will distinguish between product, process and organisational innovation and discuss which is likely to be the most important for the growth of Read Construction Holdings over the next three years. In order to distinguish between the different types of innovation, the essay will begin by setting out a clear definition of innovation. The main discussion will go on to discuss limitations, barriers and enablers of innovation and how that might impact on the organisation, summarising which type is likely to be the most important for the business in support of its goals, the essay will also evaluate the potential for consecutive innovative approaches and what limitations and barriers / enablers may be encountered. What is Innovation? In defining innovation, it is important to clearly differentiate...
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