...resulted in most of the power residing with the state governments. The need for a stronger Federal government soon became apparent and eventually led to the Constitutional Convention in 1787. The present United States Constitution replaced the Articles of Confederation on March 4, 1789 (Researchers, 2013). Some weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation that ultimately resulted in failure were the fact that each state only had one vote in Congress, regardless of size, Congress did not have the power to tax, Congress did not have the power to regulate foreign and interstate commerce, there was no executive branch to enforce any acts passed by Congress, there was no nation court system, Amendments to the Articles of Confederation required a unanimous vote, and laws required a 9/13 majority to pass in Congress. Under the Articles of Confederation, states often argued amongst themselves. They also refused to financially support the national government, who was also powerless to enforce any acts it did pass. Some states began making agreements with foreign governments. Most states had their own military and printed their own money. The conclusive result was that there was no stable economy (Kelly). The new plan for the nation was called the Federal Constitution. It had been drafted by a group of national leaders in Philadelphia in 1787, who then presented it to the general public for consideration. The Constitution amounted to a...
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...Constitution of the United States of America is the overall supreme law for the US Government. The constitution was adopted on September 17th, 1787 by the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia Pennsylvania and is considered the framework for our government and its relationship between the states and its people (Wikipedia). The Constitution is called the “Sheet Anchor” or “Lighthouse” and ensures Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness and also serves to protect property rights as well (Beard C. A., The Living Constitution, 1936). With that being said, how did the framing of this document shape the working life in America? Working life in America was shaped by the framing of this document by shifting how work is defined in the colonies based upon need the need for workers to establish more rights and further independence. Since the Constitution was framed and certain amendments were added there have been many disagreements to the actual meaning of the document. There was a widespread perception in the 20th century that the Constitution was framed to represent American Society. That our Founding Fathers acted out of idealism and the laws were established with the best interest of the colonies in mind. It wasn’t until 1913 when Economist, Charles Beard proposed a different scenario. Beard suggested that the Constitution was and economic document that was established for the reorganization of the claim of properties; that it was framed to benefit the landowners, favoring the wealthy...
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...Shays’ Rebellion was an armed uprising of farmers in Massachusetts from 1786 to 1787. Farmers in Massachusetts rebelled against the United States government. This occurred because several farmers incurred high debts from creditors, that they could not afford to pay off. Farmers also suffered from high taxes, that the government imposed in attempt to pay off debt from the Revolutionary War. Massachusetts did not respond to farmers asking for help, so the rebellion transpired. The main conflict of Shay’s rebellion was farmers in debt versus the state of Massachusetts’ government. Shays’ rebellion was quite similar to the American revolution, it was citizens resisting the government when nothing was done to fix the nation’s issues.The Articles of...
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...supreme law of the United States of America,that establishes rules and distinctive powers of the federal Government. Keith Whittington on his report,How to read the constitution, precisely defines the constitution as “an act of communication, of instruction, from the supreme lawmaker within the American constitutional system to government officials. It conveys their intentions as to what power government officials would have, how that power would be organized, to what legitimate purposes that power could be used, and what limitations there would be on that power”(Whittington,2006). On looking at the constitution written by our founding fathers,it clearly begins by explaining why it was established and the underlying reason of protecting and upholding the fundamental values and interests of the American people.It starts by declaring “We the people of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America”(The constitution,1787). In article one, it talks of the representation of all the states and rotational election of senators(which I think is important in a democratic government) as well as the making of the necessary laws empowering the government in its execution of the constitution. In article two, it points...
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...writing much of the United States Constitution & writing the entire United States Bill of Rights, where he was given his nickname and is now known as the Father of the Constitution. He was born on March 16, 1751 in Port Conway, Virginia to a large family of wealthy farmers. As a kid, he was very weak and ill, but he always showed great effort in his studies, even to the point of risking his health. He studied day and night and never got any sleep. At the age of 25, Madison entered into politics as a delegate in Virginia’s state legislature. It wasn’t until 1776, when America declared their independence against Britain, starting the American Revolution. During the war, thirteen states organized a central government called the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation was a document that formed a weak national congress and reserved the bulk of power for the states. When the war ended in 1783, Jame Madison and many...
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...University of Phoenix Material Influences on the Constitution Table Write one or two paragraphs in each section. Include citations for your sources. Documents Summary What was its influence on the Constitution? Magna Carta Magna Carta, also called Magna Carta Libertatum or The Great Charter of the Liberties of England, is an English charter, originally issued in Latin in the year 1215, translated into vernacular-French as early as 1219,[1] and reissued later in the 13th century in changed versions. The later versions excluded the most direct challenges to the monarch's authority that had been present in the 1215 charter. The charter first passed into law in 1225; the 1297 version, with the long title (originally in Latin) "The Great Charter of the Liberties of England, and of the Liberties of the Forest," still remains on the statute books of England and Wales. The 1215 charter required King John of England to proclaim certain liberties, and accept that his will was not arbitrary, for example by explicitly accepting that no "freeman" (in the sense of non-serf) could be punished except through the law of the land, a right which is still in existence today. Magna Carta was the principal document forced onto an English King by a group of his matters, the feudal barons, in an effort to limit his powers by law and protect their privileges. It was followed and directly influenced by the Charter of Liberties in 1100, in which King Henry I had specified particular...
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...Notes for Government – Principles in Action Chapter 2 – Origins of American Government Section 1 – Our Political Beginnings Colonists brought with them to North America knowledge of the English political system. This knowledge included three (3) key ideas: 1. The first idea was one of ordered government. This means that a government’s rules should help people get along in their life. 2. The second idea was of a limited government. This meant that government should have restricted powers. 3. The third idea was of a representative government. This meant that the government should serve the people. The English tradition of government grew from three (3) landmark documents These documents would greatly affect the government the colonists would create. The Magna Carta was the first, and was enacted in 1215. It said that the king did not have total power. It also protected the rights of trial by jury. Lastly, it gave people the right of due process of the law. The Petition of Right was the second, which was put into effect in 1628. It said that the king could not impose military rule in peacetime. The king could not imprison subject without lawful judgment by peers or rule of law. The king could also not force unwilling citizens to house soldiers. The English Bill of Rights was the third in 1689. It prohibited...
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...The British colonists of mainland North America had great hopes for the future in 1763, when the Peace of Paris formally ended the Seven Years’ War. Since the late seventeenth century, their lives had been disrupted by a series of wars between Britain and the “Catholic Powers,” France and Spain. Now, however, a triumphant Britain took title to Spanish Florida, French Canada, and all of Louisiana east of the Mississippi. With the British flag flying over so much of the North American continent, the colonists looked forward to a time of uninterrupted peace, expansion, and prosperity. Deeply proud of the British victory and their own identity as “free Britons,” they neither wanted nor foresaw what the next two decades would bring—independence, revolution, and yet another war. Independence The Seven Years’ War had left Great Britain with a huge debt by the standards of the day. Moreover, thanks in part to Pontiac’s Rebellion, a massive American Indian uprising in the territories won from France, the British decided to keep an army in postwar North America. Surely the colonists could help pay for that army and a few other expenses of administering Britain’s much enlarged American empire. Rather than request help from provincial legislatures, however, Britain decided to raise the necessary money by acts of Parliament. Two laws, the Sugar Act (1764) and the Stamp Act (1765), began the conflict between London and America. The Sugar Act imposed duties on certain imports not, as in the...
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...They were written to provide a general government for the thirteen states. The writers of the Articles of Confederation drafted this document during a time of war with Britain. The colonies feared having a centralized power in their government so most of the powers were placed in the hands of the individual states. Most important was Article II which reads “Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every Power, Jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled.” (Mount, Articles of Confederation) So even though Article I reads The Stile of this Confederacy shall be "The United States of America” (Mount) the states were not united for each would govern themselves and instead a “league of friendship” was formed between the states. The national government was given some powers by the Articles of the Confederacy but it had no authority to enforce these powers. The Confederation Congress could declare war and make treaties but without an army and no ability to levy taxes Congress had to depend on the states to provide the men and the means to declare war. Each state had the right to coin money and to regulate commerce. Each state, no matter their size or population had the right to one vote in the matters of Congress. Some other faults with the document were that there was no federal court system, no provisions for interstate trade and commerce, and 13 of 13 states were needed to amend...
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...Cruger and David Beekman, he was a clerk and apprentice at the age of twelve. At fifteen he was given the company. He attended school at Elizabethtown, New Jersey and later graduated from King’s Collage in New York with a Bachelors in Arts. At the start of the American Revolutionary war he organized an artillery and was chosen captain. He became the senior camp aid to George Washington. After the war Hamilton was elected continental congress of New York but resigned to study law and open a bank in New York. He then became the first Secretary of The Treasury on September 11, 1789. He worked on creating a government and structured cabinets. During Hamilton’s time he did three things that have helped the Untied States for what we have today. Hamilton formed a structured government, federal well-being, and political visions. Hamilton helped form the government back when he was part of the Annapolis Convention he brought up flaws from the government, which was from the Articles of Confederation at that time. This is when we begin to see Alexander Hamilton form his opinions, which leads him to saving economic problems. He stats his strong opinions by his assertion at the convention in Philadelphia in 1787 that the United States should have a president for life. However, this placed him on the lower end of the voting rank. He supplied that congress when he was elected the...
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...TIMELINE OF PHILIPPINE HISTORY SUBMITTED BY: HIPOLITO, KRISTEL J. 10th century Year | Date | Event | 900 | | End of prehistory. Laguna Copperplate Inscription, the earliest known Philippine document, is written in the Manila area in Kawi script. | | | Rise of Indianized Kingdom of Tondo around Manila Bay. | 11th century Year | Date | Event | 1000 | | People from Southern Annam called Orang Dampuan establish trade zones in Sulu | 1001 | | Song Shih document records tributary delegation from the Buddhist Kingdom of Butuan on 17 March. | 12th century Year | Date | Event | 1175 | | Kingdom of Namayan reaches its peak. | 13th century Year | Date | Event | 1240 | | Tuan Masha'ika, an Arab, travels and introduces Islam to Sulu. | 14th century Year | Date | Event | 1380 | | Karim Al-Makhdum arrives in Jolo and builds a Mosque. | 1400 | | Birth of the Baybayin, Hanunoo, Tagbanwa, and Buhid scripts from Brahmi. | 15th century Year | Date | Event | 1457 | | Sultanate of Sulu founded by Sharif Al-Hashim.[1] | 16th century Year | Date | Event | 1500 | | Rise of Kingdom of Maynila under the Bolkiah dynasty | 1521 | 16 March | Ferdinand Magellan lands on Homonhon with three small ships, named the Concepcion, Trinidad and Victoria. Magellan calls the place the Arcigelago de San Lazaro since March 16 is the feast day of Saint Lazarus | | 28 March | Magellan reaches the Philippines | | 29 March | Blood Compact between Magellan and Rajah...
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...e. The Estates 2. IDEAS, INPUTS AND CAUSES a. Very Short List of Causes of the Revolution b. Shift to Sensibility c. American Revolution Input d. The Liberal Economic Theory (Physiocracy) e. The Philosophes 3. FINANCIAL CRISIS AND MANAGEMENT a. Frances Financial Crisis b. Frances Finance Ministers (Comptroller-General) c. Compte Rendu d. Parlements and Their Role e. Assembly of Notables and Their Role 4. EVENTS PRECEEDING AND DURING EXILE AND RECALL OF PARLEMENTS a. Ségur Ordinance b. Diamond Necklace Affair c. Eden Treaty d. Calling of the Assembly of Notables e. The Dutch Crisis (Spring 1787) f. Last Chance with the Notables g. Notables Dissolved h. Attempts to Pass Reforms at the Parlements i. Exile and Recall of the Parlements j. Society of Thirty 5. EVENTS PRECEEDING CALL OF ESTATES GENERAL a. The Reduction of Parlement’s Rights b. The Day of Tiles (Grenoble) c. The Famine of 1788 d. The Calling of the Estates-General 6. ESTATES-GENERAL a. Issues Before 5th May b. Abbé Sieyès: Qu'est-ce que le tiers état? c. The Réveillon Riot d. The Composition of the Estates-General e. Cahiers De Doléances f. Convening of the Estates-General 7. THE FORMING OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ...
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...see Constitution (disambiguation). A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed.[1] These rules together make up, i.e.constitute, what the entity is. When these principles are written down into a single document or set of legal documents, those documents may be said to embody a writtenconstitution; if they are written down in a single comprehensive document, it is said to embody a codified constitution. Constitutions concern different levels of organizations, from sovereign states to companies and unincorporated associations. A treaty which establishes an international organization is also its constitution, in that it would define how that organization is constituted. Within states, a constitution defines the principles upon which the state is based, the procedure in which laws are made and by whom. Some constitutions, especially codified constitutions, also act as limiters of state power, by establishing lines which a state's rulers cannot cross, such as fundamental rights. An example is the constitution of the United States of America. George Washington at Constitutional Conventionof 1787 signing of the U.S. Constitution. The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world,[2] containing 444 articles in 22 parts,[3][4] 12 schedules and 118 amendments, with 117,369 words in its English-language translation,[5] while the United States...
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...Constitution (disambiguation). A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed.[1] These rules together make up, i.e. constitute, what the entity is. When these principles are written down into a single document or set of legal documents, those documents may be said to embody a written constitution; if they are written down in a single comprehensive document, it is said to embody a codified constitution. Constitutions concern different levels of organizations, from sovereign states to companies and unincorporated associations. A treaty which establishes an international organization is also its constitution, in that it would define how that organization is constituted. Within states, a constitution defines the principles upon which the state is based, the procedure in which laws are made and by whom. Some constitutions, especially codified constitutions, also act as limiters of state power, by establishing lines which a state's rulers cannot cross, such as fundamental rights. An example is the constitution of the United States of America. George Washington at Constitutional Convention of 1787 signing of the U.S. Constitution. The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world,[2] containing 444 articles in 22 parts,[3][4] 12 schedules and 118 amendments, with 117,369 words in its English-language translation,[5] while the United States...
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...Benjamin Franklin was born on January 17, 1706, in Boston, Massachusetts, into a devoted Puritan household. (The Puritans were a religious group that stood against the practices of the Church of England.) In 1683 his family had left England and moved to New England in search of religious freedom. Franklin's father was a candlemaker and a mechanic, but, his son said, his "great Excellence lay in a sound Understanding, and solid Judgment." Franklin also praised his mother, who raised a family of thirteen children. Young Franklin was not content at home. He received little formal schooling and by age eleven went to work making candles and soap at his father's shop. However, he hated this trade—especially the smell. Franklin eventually left his father's shop and went to work for his brother James, who was the printer of a Boston newspaper. While learning the business Franklin read every word that came into the shop and was soon writing clever pieces that criticized the Boston establishment. He loved to read and even became a vegetarian in order to save money to buy books. When authorities imprisoned James for his own critical articles, Benjamin continued the paper himself. In 1723 at age seventeen Franklin left home and moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. By this time Franklin had begun to embrace the ideas of such Enlightenment thinkers as the physicist Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1727) and the philosopher John Locke (1632–1727). The Enlightenment, which began in the sixteenth century...
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