...------------------------------------------------- SPO1007: Sport in Context To be submitted by Wednesday 23rd March, 2016. ------------------------------------------------- An annotated bibliography of sports history related to ONE of the issues discussed in the module (class, gender or ‘race’) * 1500 words individual assignment * Summarising and evaluating the quality of 3 relevant articles * Exploring how the past can help explain the present in sport * SUBMIT your assignment ONLINE “An annotated bibliography of sports history related to one of the issues discussed in the module” The issue I have selected is Race. I have chosen three articles the articles I have chosen are as followed. “The Myth of Racial superiority in sports” this article was taken from the week 8b seminar, the second article is “'Race', sport, and British society” this article was retrieved from a literature search on nelson. The final article is “Why Black People Are Good at Sports” this article was from a web search. * A brief description of how you found the article and why you selected it * A summary of the key content of each article, related to your chosen topic – ‘race’, class or gender (main arguments, key concepts used, sporting examples used, etc.) * A quote taken directly from the article highlighting one of the main arguments (correctly referenced) * Show how the historical knowledge from the article can help us understand contemporary sport * An evaluation of the quality...
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...where the hairspray, make up and cleavage rules the field rather than the hardworking athletes many cheerleaders fight with their blood, sweat in tears, to be. There are two very different types of cheerleading. I will explain to few different aspects of the activity. In my opinion leads these are the most important reasons that prove why cheerleading should be considered a sport. In this sport there is an outrageous level of athleticism. Cheerleading has many similarities that of other...
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...about it, I'm aware of some researches or business events involving my interest and business, so I chose this article. After reading the whole essay, I felt perplexed because it wasn't a general primary research that I could recognize at once and the author used some data from sports association. Finally, I thought it's available deliberately. I have two sample reasons: one is that the author collects the valuable data; the other is that the author analyze and flow the idea to the conclusion. Statement of the Problem What is the implied research question in this study? The answer is obvious. Just like the title, this research is to talk about effects of the 2011 Collective Bargaining Agreement in the National Basketball Association. As we knows, because of the new bargaining agreement, players will earn less money that before, and make contribution to the league, but people doesn't it affect or not. This research gives the author's analysis. Review of Related Literature The author, David J. Berri, is a professor of economics in the Department of Economics and Finance; and his current main research topics are the economics of sports. At the beginning of this research, the author gives some background of strikes and lockouts in professional North American sports. Besides NBA, Major League Baseball(MLB), National Football League(NFL) and...
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...TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research Documents The Research Paper Factory JoinSearchBrowseSaved Papers Home Page » Business and Management Coca-Cola Annual Report Analysis In: Business and Management Coca-Cola Annual Report Analysis Introduction Coca-Cola Amatil Limited (CCL) is the Australasia regional anchor bottler of The Coca Cola Company. The company's Australian origins date back to 1904 as the tobacco company British Tobacco (Australia). Its first foray into soft drinks came in 1964 with the purchase of Coca-Cola Bottlers (Perth), and the company was listed on the Australian Stock Exchange in 1972. Soft drinks and snack foods gradually became the primary focus of the company, which was renamed Amatil Limited in 1977. The snack food operations were sold in 1992, and European operations were spun off into a new company, Coca-Cola Beverages, in 1998. Expansion into Asia continued, though Filipino bottling was eventually sold to San Miguel Brewery and parent The Coca-Cola Company. Its most recent purchase activity has been the acquisition of fruit producer and packager SPC Ardmona Ltd. Until May 2007, the company also operated the online music store, Coke Tunes, out of New Zealand. . Core Business of the Company Coca-Cola Amatil is an anchor bottler of The Coca Cola Company in Asia-Pacific region. It manufactures, distributes, and markets carbonated soft drinks, still and mineral waters, fruit juices, coffee and other...
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...African Americans and their involvement in Olympic Swimming; Why are there so few African American swimmers? Marcos Mendez Georgia Southern University Abstract This paper explores the phenomena that we see in Olympic Swimming. Whites dominate this sport and African Americans hardly ever participate in this sport. This research paper explores why that is, by examining numerous sources. These sources were obtained using the internet. From the research conducted, their seem to be varying answers to this question. However the main ones are genetics and socioeconomic factors. Consequently, the genetic research is not a direct correlation to why African Americans don’t participate in swimming. Genetics only points out that differences in muscle composition, bone density, and buoyancy have some effect on a person’s ability to swim. The major cause for this goes into the past to segregation and economics. History of Olympic Swimming Swimming was learnt by prehistoric people in order to cross bodies of water. This can be proved in ancient egyptian paintings( 2011 Olympic. Org). Swimming did not truly become an organized sport until the early 19th century when British swimming clubs began to hold competitions. Swimming was added to the Olympic in 1896. History of African American Swimming Now lets look at African swimming. In 1451 when Europeans began exploring Africa. Europeans regarded Africans as “ The best swimmers in the world.” They attributed these swimming skills...
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...THE ORIGINS OF ICE SKATES By Nam Catzel Investigation into the Origins of Ice Skates and their evolution ORIGINS OF ICE SKATES INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE ORIGINS OF ICE SKATES Executive Summary There is much debate in the field of history; conjecture and interpretation of facts are often misinterpreted due to the lack of evidence. The origin of ice skates is subject to much of these misconceptions. Though there have been many interesting and intriguing finds in this area, the origins are still debated. The true origins of ice skates is unknown; however there are many theories to who invented it, five cultures if not more believe that they have a claim to the invention. This project will illustrate known ideas about the origins of ice skates, revealing common and uncommon theories, as well as display the evolution of the ice skate in terms of design and the technologies used at each specific era. The influences and uses surrounding several styles of ice skate is identified and explained. The physics behind ice skating is analyzed to provide a context to why skating was invented. To conclude, an analysis of future possibilities and prediction of the direction evolution of the ice skate will take. “History is mere interpretation and conjecture.” Nam Catzel 1 ORIGINS OF ICE SKATES INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE ORIGINS OF ICE SKATES Table of Contents Executive Summary..............................................................................
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...spouse nor purchase a red sports car on urge. However, studies have discovered that apes and orangutans face midlife problems just as certainly as humans beings do. Those discoveries, which were published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, might upset tightly held faiths regarding the origins of human pleasure and the forces that cause impact on its peculiar route across the span of life (Jaques, 2002). If relatives of animals share human proclivity for grief, removal and irritation at the midpoint of life, most probably the midlife problem is in fact lead by biological reasons — not the exhausting liabilities of works and family and the genesis identity of our humanity (Franklin, 1999). The experience of chimpanzees dip in pleasure in their mid-age, much in the manner human beings do, recommending a biological interpretation for the midlife problem. Across several traditions, human beings inform a plunge in pleasure throughout their late-40s, a period when they usually sense less contented with their lives in comparison to their older and younger years. Chimpanzees also go through a type of midlife problem, discovered a new study. The astonishing outcome recommends that the blues of middle-age might be an outcome of biology, not tradition, and its evolutionary origins run profound (Ayers, 2008). The main reason for dividing the main body of this research paper as per the format given below is to investigate the various research papers which discus the midlife...
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...BRAND MANAGEMENT THE REFLECTIONS OF COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN EFFECT ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to reflect ‘country-of-origin effect’ (COO) on consumers’ brand perceptions and their behavioral intensions. It has been proved that the country of origin of a product was one of the two or three most important attributes in preference evaluation. A comprehensive review of the literature regarding the effect of country of origin on consumer perceptions of products and services, COO in France and France Cosmetics Industry have also been handled. In this study, it has been indicated that customer perceptions differ significantly on the basis of product/service and country of origin. The country of origin may be an important element in the perceptions of consumers about the products and services especially where little other information is known. However, the question of how much influence the country of origin provides in product and service evaluations remains unclear. Keywords: Country of origin, cultural values, brand, consumer perceptions. 1 SECTION 1-COUNTRY OF ORIGIN EFFECT Impact of Country of Origin on International Marketing The impact of country of origin (COO) on the consumer's perception of products has been one of the most widely studied areas of international marketing. (Samiee, 1994; Peterson and Jolibert, 1995, Leonidou et al, 1999). Increasing globalization of today's business environment has also renewed the interest in...
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...Business Entities, Laws, Regulation Paper Renecia Jones BUS415 November 3, 2011 Alexia Davis Business Entities, Laws, Regulation Paper When starting a new business, regardless of what kind of business it is there are has to be motivation as well as a whole lot of patience. A lot of research must be done when opening a business. A person who wants to open a new business must have a well thought out business plan to take to any potential partners or investors to help increase their chances for better success. There are many different rules and regulations that one must learn to protect their investments. It also requires looking into the business entities, taking control, taxation, and of course taking liability issues into consideration. It is important for the business to be able to protect itself. Upon selecting the right type of organization, the entrepreneur must also learn about the laws and regulations that he or she must follow to comply with Sports Bar Scenario In order for Lou and Jose to open a sports bar a lot of work will have to take place and money which they do not have much of so they asked Miriam for help. All three will enter into a partnership agreement. A partnership is “an association of two or more persons to carry on as co-owners of a business for profits” (Cheeseman, 2010). Lou and Jose will have main control because Miriam is only investing money for a profit. There will be liability issues in this business and all three will have something...
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...To define the role of nation branding and create a strategic management tool on nation branding for the sustainable competitiveness of nations, this research investigates the relevant literature in nation branding and competitiveness contexts. Most Western European countries have accepted and practiced nation brand. The theory of nation brand has been accepted and practiced, but not developed and criticized whether it is possible to brand a nation. In the academy, nation branding study has four different sources; country of origin (COO), place or destination branding, public diplomacy and national identity. At the first level, the simplest approach to developing a nation brand is through visual symbol or slogan. Therefore, the nation can be easily branded and communicated in this level. At the second level, a nation brand is viewed as an umbrella brand that encompasses many sub-sectors such as tourism or export destinations. At the third level, a nation brand concerns the country’s image, reputation, and positioning which is similar to the role of corporate branding (Roth & Diamantopoulos...
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...growing pace of globalization, companies’ marketing departments are faced with a substantial challenge of designing successful marketing strategies promoting their products and services (Keller, 2010). The ongoing academic debate has pointed out the tension between standardization and localization practices (e.g. Whatley, 2012). While the benefits frequently associated with the standardization practice revolve around the promotion of a single consistent message to the global market (Aaker, 1991), the localization paradigm emphasises the particular differences between individual markets and thereby the need to adapt marketing strategies to suit the needs of the local population (Gillespie, Jeanner & Hennessey, 2010). The aim of the presented paper is to critically investigate the promotion and branding strategies pursued by global organisations. The key focus is put on the examination of their relative effectiveness and two case studies are used to demonstrate the validity of the theoretical underpinning. Nike Inc., a sportswear and footwear retailer, and PizzaHut, a chain of fast-food restaurants, are therefore used as examples of companies in a...
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...contention, the game meant little to either side. Nevertheless, the players laced up their cleats, put on their pads, and stepped onto the field to play ball. Every die-hard sports fan knows that games of such irrelevance are endured with hopes for next season, and fingers crossed that no key players get injured. Unfortunately for Vikings supporters, though, minutes into the second half, star running back Adrian Peterson suffered a brutal hit to the outside of his left knee, rupturing his anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). While...
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...COLEGIO DE SAN LORENZO 1HRM-B Stephen Fernandez Date of Submission: December 8, 2016 Introduction Computer gaming is one of the most favorite hobbies and pastime of the teenagers aging from 13-19 nowadays aside from watching television and playing sports, until the Valve Corporation released DOTA2 based from the game Warcraft III: Frozen Throne custom map DOTA (DEFENSE OF THE ANCIENTS). The invasion of DOTA2 in the teenagers is very massive, that millions of them all over the world are getting involved ito it. Many other people are encouraged and influenced to play this strategy game that led to their addiction. Background of the Study Drawing inspiration from a popular Defense of the ancients, the first version of DOTA2 was released in the middle of 2010 by Valve Corporation. Since it was first started, many teenagers aging from 13-19 played DOTA (DEFENSE OF THE ANCIENTS) before, they switched from DOTA to play DOTA2 which has much better gameplay, graphics and entertainment, although the gameplay isn’t much of a difference because the game itself came from the original DOTA, the graphics is one of the reason why they choose DOTA2 over DOTA. It also attracts the youth gamers because most of them love strategy and action games compared to board and mini games. It has a very different gameplay compared among other games. Also, it is a multiplayer game; people can play with others up to 10 persons per game or 5 friends who knows each other, this type of setting...
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...Global Brand Management – Nike’s Global Brand Dr. Deanne Larson e-mail : larsonelink@aol.com Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to outline and analyze the ingredients of a successful global brand which has and can continue to sustain its global marketing goals. The brand analyzed in this paper is Nike, one of the top sporting goods manufacturers in the world. As part of the analysis of Nike’s global brand, a proposed brand strategy and supporting marketing program will be recommended using the components of Interbrand’s rating and ranking evaluation. The analysis will use components of Interbrand’s approach as the basis of understanding Nike’s current strategy and standing and be used as input into the recommended brand and marketing strategy. Keywords: Interbrand, brand market strategy, global marketing, brand association, global brand management Reference: Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Larson, D. (2011) “Global Brand Management – Nike’s Global Brand”, The ISM Journal of International Business, ISSN 2150-1076, Volume 1, Issue 3, December 2011. Biographical Notes: Dr. Larson is an active management practitioner and academic and a PhD candidate at the International School of Management. Dr. Larson’s other doctoral degree is a Doctorate of Management in Information Technology Leadership. Her doctoral dissertation research focused on a grounded theory qualitative study on establishing enterprise data strategy. She holds Project Management Professional...
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...target consumer croup. The impact of branding on consumer purchase decision has been studied. The different approaches of influencing market positioning of the company and product through promotion have been discussed herein. The methodology incorporated includes both primary and secondary research data, pertaining to directly and exclusively collected information and views from Dove users and employees and results or analysis from credible magazines, online portals, discussion forums, journals etc. respectively. The data sampling has been thereon used to ascertain outcomes and derive results and presenting a better view of the entire branding-promotion-consumer cycle. Keywords: Branding, consumer buying behavior, brand management, Nike CHAPTER ONE - INTRODUCTION Chapter One introduction mainly concern with the background study of the project focusing to the study of the case. The concern also given to the research aims and objectives of the research as well as research question which comply with the dissertation. The focus also given to the research methodology which determines the ways of deriving the data collection and its methods for analysis where primary and secondary research being taken under consideration. The parallel focus given to the significance of the study being taken under consideration and finally ends with conclusion of the chapter one. 1.1. BACKGROUND “People get consciousness all the...
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