...TCP/IP OSI MODEL TCP/IPMODEL OS MODEL Eric Jones 1/31/2014 TCP/IP MODEL OS MODEL TCP/IP is a set of protocols that allows communication between to different computers. It separates networking functions into different layers. Each layer has a different task that is similar to another layer or functions. The TCP/IP is a short version of the OS Model it has four layers instead of seven. TCP/IP is the language of how computers communicate with other computers through the internet. TCP/IP is not a single network protocols it’s a suite of protocols. The TCP layer handles the message being sent and breaks it down into small units called packets which are transferred over to the network. The IP layer is most concerned about transmission. By using unique IP addresses assign to every active receiver on the network. TCP/IP combines the OSI application and the presentation layers and supports flexibility in hostnames and also handles Dns errors and mapping domain names. The OSI also known as the reference model it provides a method of standards and protocols which can be compared to assist in other connectivity. Most developers today now use a reference model/OSI Model learn how transmissions are framed and created to translate to other systems. I it begins with the physical layer of the transmitting system and travels through the other layers to the application layer. Once the data reaches the application layer it is processed by the receiving system. In some cases, the...
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...The following table compares the functions performed at each OSI model layer. Layer | Description and Keywords | Application (Layer 7) | The Application layer integrates network functionality into the host operating system, and enables network services. The Application layer does not include specific applications that provide services, but rather provides the capability for services to operate on the network.Most Application layer protocols operate at multiple layers down to the Session and even Transport layers. However, they are classified as Application layer protocols because they start at the Application layer (the Application layer is the highest layer where they operate). Services typically associated with the Application layer include: * HTTP * Telnet * FTP * TFTP * SNMP | Presentation (Layer 6) | The Presentation layer formats or "presents" data into a compatible form for receipt by the Application layer or the destination system. Specifically, the Presentation layer ensures: * Formatting and translation of data between systems. * Negotiation of data transfer syntax between systems, through converting character sets to the correct format. * Encapsulation of data into message envelopes by encryption and compression. * Restoration of data by decryption and decompression. | Session (Layer 5) | The Session layer's primary function is managing the sessions in which data is transferred. Functions at this layer include: * Management of multiple sessions...
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...communication between the network devices, also the limits of communication with each other (Kozierok, 2001-2005). The most commonly used are: 1. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), which established by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), and managed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), to connect the various Defense Department with each other, and uses the TCP/IP protocol to connect all governmental, educational and business institutions in the world. 2....
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...NT1210 INTRO TO NETWORKING UNIT3 LAB3.3 The TCP/IP Model Mr. Randy Vogl Gus Perez 19593003 The TCP/IP network model Exercise 3.3.1 What are the distinct differences between OSI and TCP/IP models? TCP refers to Transmission Control Protocol. OSI refers to Open Systems Interconnection. Model TCP/IP is developed on points toward a model the internet. TCP/IP has 4 layers. OSI has 7 layers. TCP/IP more reliable than OSI OSI has strict boundaries; TCP/IP does not have very strict boundaries. TCP/IP follow a horizontal approach. OSI follows a vertical approach. In the application layer, TCP/IP uses both session and presentation layer. OSI uses different session and presentation layers. TCP/IP developed protocols then model. OSI developed model then protocol. TCP/IP offers support for connectionless communication within the network layer. In the network layer, OSI supports both connectionless and connection-oriented communication. TCP/IP is protocol dependent. OSI is protocol independent. http://www.differencebetween.net/technology/internet/difference-between-osi-and-tcp-ip-model/ Read more: Difference between OSI and TCP IP Model | Difference Between | Difference between OSI vs TCP IP Model http://www.differencebetween.net/technology/internet/difference-between-osi-and-tcp-ip-model/#ixzz3f4nyPzTU TCP/IP model protocols and functions. Exercise 3.3.2 Identify the layer in which each protocol resides according to the TCP/IP model. Using figure 3.4 from the Lab manual...
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...Protocols and standards TCP/IP TCP/IP is a suite of communication protocols which are used to interconnect device on the networks to the internet. This can also be made into a private connection as an intranet. This protocol specifies how data is exchanged using the internet which provides end to end connections. This will then determine how the exchange items should be broken into packets, transmitted, received, routed and addressed to a destination. TCP/IP doesn’t need much central management with the ability to recover if any device on the network were to fail and is also designed in order to make a network much more reliable. There are two parts to this protocol, TCP and IP. The TCP shows how application are able to make different channels of communication in a...
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...Running Head: Week 1, Individual Assignment; TCP/IP Architecture and OSI Layers TCP/IP Architecture and OSI Layers [your name here] NTC360 Network and Telecommunications Concept Associate Professor Anthony Bruno January 04, 2011 The purpose of this paper is to describe an OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Model with details about each of the seven layers. The OSI reference model adopts a layered approach, where a communication subsystem is broken down into seven layers, each one of which performs a well-defined function. Additionally it is important to understand the purpose of the OSI model in the overall networking architecture especially as it relates to the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) Architecture, which also consists of layers each playing a particular role in the networking design. Generally speaking, the network protocol layer, which is similar to the data and network layer of the OSI model includes the protocols that allow clients and applications to send data over the network. This includes TCP/IP, NWLink (IPX/SPX), NetBEUI, Infrared Data Association (IrDA). However, the purpose of this document is to focus on the relationships between the OSI model and the TCP/IP architectures, and how they may interact together. Finally, as demonstration of this relationship a visual diagram has been provided to depicts how the TCP/IP layers correspond to the OSI model and layers. To begin with, it...
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...Fundamentals of Networking IT205-1304B-01 Phase 2 Discussion Board December 1, 2013 In this discussion board, I am going to define and describe the OSI and the TCP/IP models including a discussion on where and how they overlap. I will discuss why I think the TCP/IP model is use and the OSI model is not, and finally what my definition of the steps of OSI and TCP/IP are and their implementation. I am going to start with the OSI model. The OSI model is made up of 7 different layer, each with their own functions. Each of the layers are defined as: 1. Physical Layer: The physical layer is responsible of delivering row bit stream over the physical cable. Its functions are physical medium transmission, transmission technique and data encoding. (Khani, 2012) 2. Data Link Layer: The data link layer is responsible for controlling the error between adjacent nodes and transfer the frames to the other computer via the physical Layer. Its functions are Link establishment and termination, frame traffic control and frame acknowledgement. (Khani, 2012) 3. Network Layer: The network layer is responsible for the translating of the logical network address and names into their physical address. Its functions are subnet traffic control, logical and physical address mapping and frame fragmentation. (Khani, 2012) 4. Transport Layer: The transport layer is responsible for the end-to-end deliveries of messages between the networked hosts. Its functions are message segmentation...
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...INTERNET PROTOCOLS & APPLICATIONS * TCP/IP: The TCP/IP suite of protocols has become the dominant standard for internetworking. TCP/IP represents a set of public standards that specify how packets of information are exchanged between computers over one or more networks. * IPX/SPX: Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange is the protocol suite originally employed by Novell Corporation’s network operating system, NetWare. It delivers functions similar to those included in TCP/IP. Novell in its current releases supports the TCP/IP suite. A large installed base of NetWare networks continue to use IPX/SPX. * NetBEUI: NetBIOS Extended User Interface is a protocol used primarily on small Windows NT networks. NetBEUI cannot be routed or used by routers to talk to each other on a large network. NetBEUI is suitable for small peer-to-peer networks, involving a few computers directly connected to each other. It can be used in conjunction with another routable protocol such as TCP/IP. This gives the network administrator the advantages of the high performance of NetBEUI within the local network and the ability to communicate beyond the LAN over TCP/IP. * AppleTalk: AppleTalk is a protocol suite to network Macintosh computers. It is composed of a comprehensive set of protocols that span the seven layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model. The AppleTalk protocol was designed to run over LocalTalk, which is the Apple LAN physical topology...
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...i) Write a brief report on the evolution of computer networks: Computer networks networks are the logical result of evolution of computer and communication technologies. They represent particular case distributed computer systems and can be considered a medium for transmitting information over long distances. For later purposes, they implement data encoding and multiplexing methods developed and adopted in various communications systems. All network can be classified, based on geographical location, in the following categories: wide area network(WANS), local area networks(LAN) and metropolitan area network(MANS). Chronologically, WANs were the first network to appear. They connect computers distributed over hundred miles. They often based upon existing low quality communication links resulting in low communication speeds compared to LAN, WANs provide a limited set of services mainly file transfer and email in background rather than in real time. LANs usually cover regions within a radius of no more than 1.5 miles. They are based on expensive high quality connection links that allow simple method of data transmission at a higher speeds of data exchange (about 100mbps) than allowed by WANS usually LANs provide a range of services implemented online. MANs are intended for serving large cities. Being characterized by rather long distances between network nodes (sometimes 10 miles) they also provide high quality communications links and support high speed of data exchange. MANs...
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...Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) model and how this model compares to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model. These two models are similar to one another yet they are also very different. The main difference is the two models is the fact that the TCP/IP model was implemented as a model to represent the Internet. The TCP/IP model was created after the OSI model in an effort to bring about international standards for the Internet that the OSI could not. The basic foundation of the Internet was built around the TCP/IP model. The layers found in the OSI model and the TCP/IP model also differ. The OSI model has a specific layer structure that has seven layers that are identified from top layer to the bottom layer as follows; Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical. The TCP/IP model does not have a specific layer structure, but the protocols used along with this model implies that the layers are as follows; Application, Transport, Internet, Network Access, and Physical. The TCP/IP model can have four or five layers depending on user preferences. In comparison to the OSI model, the topmost layer of TCP/IP, the application layer would be the equivalent of the Application, Presentation, and Session layers in the OSI model. This level of the model uses high-level protocols and also provides access to network services and resources for applications. The transport layer of TCP/IP is the delivery method for the applications...
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...Brittany Martin IT245-1303A-03 Introduction to Network Management Phase 3 DB 8-1-2013 This week in phase 3 we are on the subject of how OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model and TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) are similar and how they are different. There are 7 layers in the OSI model and there are only 4 layers in TCP/IP. The 7 layers in OSI are application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and physical with application being the highest and physical being the lowest of the model (Harney, n.d.). The 4 layers of TCP/IP are application, transport, internet, and subnet (Harney, n.d.). In the OSI model the application layer simply handles a lot of software protocols such as DNS, and HTTP. The presentation layer transfers data from one end to the other. The session layer handles connection between two devices. The transport layer makes sure information is formatted in the proper way. The network layer sends information over to the proper web address. The data link layer makes sure data is small enough to be sent across the network to arrive in the correct place. The physical layer deals with all hardware including NIC’s, hubs, and Ethernet cabling. The TCP/IP only has 4 layers because one or more layers of the OSI models is composed in the TCP/IP model (OSI Model vs. TCP/IP Model, n.d.). In the application layer it deals with the user and how data is handled with that user. The transport layer deals with communication...
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...IT331-CNS Capstone 6/28/12 OSI Model 1. Explain in detail the functions of each layer of the 7-layer OSI model. a. Layer 1 – Physical Layer – To establish and terminate the connection to a media source, it also does the conversions of data from one form to another. b. Layer 2 – Data-Link Layer – Transmits data from one point to another. c. Layer 3 – Network Layer – Transmits data from one host to another on another network. d. Layer 4 – Transport Layer – Controls the end-to-end connections, reliability, flow control of data in a network. e. Layer 5 – Session Layer – Controls connections between computers and manages application sessions in a network. f. Layer 6 – Presentation layer – This layer controls data representation and the encryption and decryption of data in a network. g. Layer 7 – Application Layer – This layer interacts with software applications that implement a communicating component. The application layer decides whether sufficient network or the requested communication exists. 2. Using the OSI model as a reference, describe how you would troubleshoot connectivity problems. h. To troubleshoot connectivity problems using the OSI model you should answer the following questions: i. Is your network cable plugged in? ii. Is there a link light on the Ethernet switch and Ethernet NIC? iii. Do you have an IP address? iv. Can you ping your default gateway? ...
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...TCP/IP This week’s paper will provide an overview into the world of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), and how they are used together in business and telecommunications. Frist, the current TCP/IP offerings as, as they apply to the OSI model, will be discussed. Second, the future of TCP/IP will be discussed with relevant research support as well as recommendations for new software and equipment. Finally, an overview of different methods for reducing network congestion through the use of equipment, software and multiplexing will be given. Current Offerings of TCP/IP In business, the OSI and TCP/IP have been the standard method of network classification for many years. The Open Systems Interconnect Model (OSI) can be thought of as an idea or guideline, while TCP/IP more closely relates to reality. Both models do mostly the same thing, but TCP/IP is a more efficient method, and usually matches up directly with the network. Because OSI is more of an idea, it is not utilized as much as TCP/IP. With the creation of smart switches and other advanced network equipment and functions, more layers can be combined and a more streamlined process can be gained. Because of this, TCP/IP is the most used model in modern networks, while OSI is used for describing network activity. Improving TCP/IP As TCP/IP ages and new technology comes about, there is a need to upgrade software and hardware to keep up with the demands of modern networking. Below we will...
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...your textbook and Internet research, create a mapping between the TCP/IP model and the OSI reference model. What are the distinct differences between them? The four layers of the TCP/IP architecture can be compared to certain levels of the OSI model. It’s important to know what each level of the TCP/IP protocol architecture does, and how these layers map to the OSI model. The Application Layer of the TCP/IP model performs much the same tasks as the Application, Presentation, and Session layers of the OSI model. The Transport layer in the TCP/IP architecture is similar to the Transport layer in the OSI model. This layer can use TCP or UDP as well. The Internetwork layer in the TCP/IP architecture uses IP addresses to determine how packets should be routed. Remember that the OSI model uses IP addresses, or “Layer 3 Addresses”, at the Network layer. The two layers do much the same thing. This layer is also referred to in the TCP/IP model as the Internet layer. The Network Interface layer in the TCP/IP architecture serves to define the protocols and the hardware needed to actually deliver the data across the network. The Network Interface model does the work of both the Data Link and Physical Layers in the OSI model. exercise 3.3.2 : Identify the layer in which each protocol resides according to the TCP/IP model. See the above. exercise 3.3.3 : The most common protocols used from this suite are IP, TCP, and UDP. Briefly describe the purpose and function of each of...
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...Joseph Povosky NT1210 Introduction to Networking Professor Hallock 13 December 15 1. Open standards are open to the public, and provide something in which a lot of devices can access information, and it maximizes the resources that can be obtained (paraphrased from Wikipedia). Some of the advantages of using open standards are the fact that you don’t need a single application, or hardware to obtain information, this is because everything is based to work around the open standard. Also years down the road information from now will still be accessible because the standard will still be intact. 2. Layered architecture is viewed as beneficial because “you can make changes to the implementation without affecting other components of the system”. “You can also implement different services on each layer”(both of these quotations were from page 8 of the study lesson) 3. A protocol is a norm that all devices have to comply with to communicate. They are used so that all devices are on the same page when trying to communicate with each other. An example of a technological based protocol would be the IP, or the internet protocol. This protocol is responsible, much like a post office to deliver packages of information from one device to another by sending from the initial device to the receiving device based on the IP address. 4. The four different types of networks are the LAN, or local area network. The key characteristics of the LAN are that it is in a small area,...
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