...Stressful experiences manifested effects through the activation of several mechanisms that linked to the onset of a variety of affective disorders. Investigations on the interaction between stress and memory experiences focused mainly on behavioral and neurological mechanisms of memory conformation (such as conditional fear), and fewer studies on the fear memory extinction as a treatment for psychiatric conditions based on learned fears Such as phobias, PTSD, and general anxiety. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that's triggered by a terrifying event — either experiencing it or witnessing it. Pavlovian conditional fear is widely used as a model for stress induction and anxiety disorders. The induction of conditional...
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...function shuts down for repairs. This is due to the trauma that was experienced. Many of these actions are automated. This is because God has a system in the body to regulate the body. With that in mind PTSD is put into two different categories. They would be direct exposure and indirect exposure to an event. Direct events would be first hand experiences but the person. A point in time that the person felt significant risk of life and limb. An indirect traumatic event would be if an individual would witness a traumatic event. The mind has the same kind of defense mechanism. This is used to cope with severe mental trauma or mental stress. When a person goes through extremely powerful mental trauma that the mind cannot deal with the pain many things happen. One of those things is PTSD or post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. This report will look at this disorder from a biblical point of view using the lives of many people. Dreams The dilemma is what PTSD victims deal with frequently. PTSD is a reaction to some kind of stressor but definition. “PTSD is a disorder that has to do with the experiencing, witnessing, or confrontation with any event(s) that involved serious injury, death, or any threat to the physical wellbeing of that person or others” (Friedman, 755). The after effects of dealing with harmful situations....
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...suffering with PTSD. MDMA originally dates back to the beginning of the 1900s in the country of Germany....
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...This veteran, like many others, suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD, which is a sustained stress reaction to any traumatic event, including wars, sexual assaults, and automobile accidents (Garelick and Storm, 2005). People with PTSD have sudden panic attacks that are categorized by flashbacks and lack of concentration, which can be triggered by any stimuli that reminds them of their horrific situation (Pena, et al., 2014). Treatments for this psychological disorder can only make a small difference in these individuals’ lives. Therefore, new methods are being investigated to help counter the effects of PTSD, and one approach was developed by UTD professors using the stimulation of the vagus...
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...contributions to the overall symptoms of PTSD. For example, stathmin (STMN1) is a protein with a main function of overseeing the remodeling of a cell's cytoskeleton. Stathmin has also been found to help form responses to fear and anxiety stimuli. (Stathmin, a gene) In addition to stathmin, Gastrin- releasing peptide (GRP) is another gene that has an effect on PTSD. Alterations in GRP have an impact on fear-related responses and can help alleviate them. (Role of) Also, 5-HTTLPR is an additional gene that has correlation with PTSD. 5-HTTLPR can have an effect on the daily stress level on an individual. Changes in these genes can cause a change in severity in patients with PTSD. (Daily...
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...CRIS 304 Module 1 Signs & Symptoms of PTSD Dr. Michael Lyles People who experience PTSD, they do not remember, they literally relive what they are going through. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) – An anxiety disorder that occurs after exposure to a traumatic event, which triggers memories of the traumatic event and is characterized by intense fear, helplessness, and horror. 25-30% of victims of significant (extreme or severe) trauma develop PTSD. The lifetime prevalence of PTSD in this country is about 8%. That accounts for about 5 million adults. That is a lot of people and unfortunately, we do not pay a lot of attention to these people. We don’t think about them enough in our clinical settings. In fact, these people utilize a number of medical services. It is estimated that about 11.8% of person’s going to family care, in primary care settings, may have people with PTSD, but it’s not something that we think about and recognize in primary or specialty health care settings enough. It’s estimated that up to 50% of combat exposed military personnel have some form of PTSD. It occurs 2x as common in women, particularly because of the impact of sexual trauma on women. What is a trauma? Trauma can occur from: Witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event Trying to help someone with a traumatic event Rescue workers Clergy person Therapist The risk for developing PTSD varies depending on the severity and duration of the trauma and how the trauma was experienced...
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...PLANTS AVOID SUNBURN In chapter 5, we learned about one of the most important roles in plants, which is photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants,algae, and some microorganisms harness solar energy and convert it into chemical energy, this is done through pigments in plant cells. These pigments have distinct colors because some absorb more wavelengths then others. For example, carotenoids, these accessoery pigments reflect longer wavelengths of light, making them appear red, orange,or yellow. Carotenoids perform two major functions in the process of photosynthesis. One purpose is to serve as excessory light pigment and the other purpose to serve is to protect the pigments from the photo distructive reaction of oxygen. There was a couple articles breaking down this process. I found a popular article published July 19, 2006 that has no author but the source was Arizona State University. This same institution offered a scientific article written by Iris Visoly-Fisher, Kayvon Daie, Yuichi Terazono, Christian Herrero, Fernando Fango Luis Oterom Edgardo Durantini, Juana J. Silber, Leonides Sereno, Devens Gust, Thomas A. Moore, Ana L. Moore, and Stuart M. Lindsay published in June 6, 2006. This article was most likely written for scientists or college grads majoring In the field because it was more into depth and was pubished on www.pnas.org[->0]. While the popular article is mostly intended for high school or junior high students as its published on pysc.org[->1]...
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...did he take his own life but he also killed 5 children and twenty-nine were wounded. The students and staff who attended Cleveland Elementary witnessed such trauma that would forever haunt them. Moving on with their lives was a constant struggle and they lived in constant fear every time they walked through those doors. That same type of fear lives within a forty-eight year old man who fought in the Vietnam War who would jump at the clap of thunder as well as many Holocaust victims. The constant fear and the little memories that trigger the big bad ones all led to a disorder called post-traumatic stress disorder or PTSD. PTSD symptoms include; anxiety, fear, hypervigilance, being easily upset or aroused, readiness for flight or fight, and the endurance of the intense memories. “The symptoms being experienced are, in effect, signs of an over aroused amygdala impelling vivid memories of a traumatic moment to continue to intrude on...
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...to an environmental condition or stimulus, also known as a stressor. Stress typically describes a negative condition that can have an impact on an organism's mental and physical well-being. |Contents | | [hide] | |1 Ambiguity of the word | |1.1 Biological background | |2 Neuroanatomy | |2.1 Brain | |2.1.1 Hypothalamus | |2.1.2 Amygdala | |2.1.3 Hippocampus | |2.1.4 Locus coeruleus | |2.1.5 Raphe nucleus...
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...The effects of childhood abuse on its victims are penetrating. These effects can be emotional, social, and spiritual. The impact of the abuse depends on the victim and circumstances of the abuse. According to Glaser (2000), besides the psychological effects of childhood abuse, which cause much self defeating behavior in adulthood, there are other more serious, life altering effects. Studies show that many victims of child abuse grow up to be drug addicts and most drug addicts have had an abusive childhood (Umeno, Morita, Ikeda, Koda, & Abe, 2009). It has now been discovered that there is a biochemical reason that this happens. Scientific findings show that being a victim of child abuse can contribute to addiction in adulthood because the abuse can cause profound and possibly irreversible damage to the structure, function and chemistry of the brain. Kaufman, Plotsky, Nemeroff and Charney (2000) claim that because child abuse occurs during a crucial period of brain development, neurobiology reveals that trauma such as physical, emotional and sexual abuse has a substantial impact on the brain. It has also been discovered that the more severe the abuse, the more impact there is on brain function (Bremner, 2005). It has been found that abused children have abnormal brain wave patterns. Child abuse victims suffer damage to important brain structures like the cortex, which is related to rational thinking. Panzer (2008) describes that some of the most dramatic damage is...
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...PTSD is a disorder soldiers get from watching their buddies die during war, right? They have flashbacks, are afraid of large crowds, and have anxiety. This is a common misunderstanding of PTSD, but in reality, it is much more complicated. To start off, PTSD is not a military specific disorder. There are a number of ways PTSD is caused. Witnessing war, fighting in war, rape, sexual assault, car crashes, unpredicted deaths of loved ones, fatal events, and natural disasters can all be catalysts of PTSD. Victims of any of these events are susceptible to developing this disorder. There are no definite causes for PTSD. Some could go through years of war and not contract this disorder while someone else could just catch a glimpse of war and be diagnosed...
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...The Effects of Addiction on Adolescent Development Adolescence is a time where there is growth and maturity. It is also a time where adolescents are more prone to take risks, such as using and abusing drugs. Whether or not an adolescent chooses to engage in drug use and abuse depends on their home environment and those they choose to associate themselves with. Adolescents face an enormous amount of pressure to participate in risky behaviors from their peers. According to Broderick and Blewitt (2015), “risky behaviors are behaviors that constitute a departure from socially accepted norms or behaviors that pose a threat to the well-being of individuals or groups” (p. 389). One such risky behavior is drug use and addiction. Some adolescents use...
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...The amygdala then forwards this message to the hypothalamus which will ultimately give your body a boost of energy and urge to run or fight. The boost of energy that you fell is actually adrenal glands that are releasing adrenaline into your bloodstream. The first person to describe the Fight or Flight response was Walter Cannon in 1932. He realised that when an animal feels that it is in danger by another animal or human, its sympathetic nervous system triggers the endocrine glands that prepares the animal’s body to either fight or flee from the threat. However, Cannon, also thought that this response could have a negative effect on animals who are subject to a lot of...
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...Cassie is a Hispanic, 14-year-old, female, who is currently in foster care due to her out of control behavior and overdose of Tylenol that brought her to the emergency room. Based on the background information, Cassie’s current situation can be understood from the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) concept. ACEs are traumatic events that can have negative, lasting effects on health and well-being (Chapman, Dube, & Anda, 2007). Cassie is dealing with PTSD, which is a personal experience that involves actual threat to one’s physical integrity, due to her childhood trauma. Biologically, Cassie’s PTSD is impacting her brain development due to poor behavioral choices that are harmful to the brain. For example, Cassie’s out of control behavior puts her body in a state of arousal, and high alert because neurologically she doesn't have the capacity to return back to baseline where her parasympathetic nervous system kicks in and signals the brain to relax and rest (Cozolino, 2014). Therefore, the stress hormone cortisol remains throughout her body, which is toxicity to the body and mind....
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...those who encounter barriers or difficulty is limited, and recent policy reviews have strongly questioned availability and quality of care. These problems of access and quality are major, overarching problems in war-related PTSD and depression treatment. Further research is needed because the negative psychological effects of war will continue as long as warfare continues. Hidden Injury of War Some might argue that war is fundamental to human culture. Though we may find ourselves idealistic regarding discovering more sustainable resources and more progressive and passive modes of thinking that may someday make war obsolete, we cannot deny the present reality of warfare. Once we acknowledge the prevalence of warfare, it follows that we would seek to understand its consequences, namely those it has upon its primary players, the soldiers and refugees, and desire to develop more effective methods for assessing this damage and treating it. The physical damage of organized violence are obvious, but until recently, little attention was given to the psychological damage. A frightening number of veterans return from war and are diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, also known as PTSD. Much is yet to be understood about this condition, but PTSD occurs after a traumatic event, when “a sense...
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