...Path physiology Of Pain Within this essay I plan to discuss: one current view of path physiology of pain, two ages appropriate pain tools for babies and toddlers and will also be exploring the nursing management of acute pain experience in babies and toddlers, including a strategy for ensuring the safe delivery of care. There have been a range of theories put forward in attempt to explain the path physiology of pain, one of these is the gate control theory (Fraser.L 1996) which states that a stimuli that enters the spinal cord can be manipulated through a process of opening and closing gates, which in turn determines if impulses proceed or not. The Gate control theory provides the most plausible explanation for the process involved in the perception of pain. As there are many factors to a person’s perception of pain. When the nerve impulses from the nociceptors (a free ending nerve which is present in almost all types of tissues which act to sense and transmit pain) reaches a critical level, the T cells in the substantia gelatinosa (which regulates impulses) is triggered, therefore the gate opens. This then in turn allows the transmission of impulses to proceed to the thalamus and cerebral cortex where the perception of pain is defined (Wall and Melzack 1989). However there are scenarios when the gate remains closed even though there are impulses from the nociceptors. For example if a child...
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...The ability of making a clinical judgment is essential in the nursing career. It safely and effectively meets the patient’s health care needs. We are given an insight into Josie Elliot’s pain management in postoperative care in which, Tanner’s model of clinical judgment is used holistically provide Josie’s optimum patient care. This provides a framework to enhance the process of making a clinical judgment in several situations. The importance of Josie Elliot’s pain management and potential effects of uncontrolled pain in postoperative care are discussed to provide full recovery for the patient’s needs. The importance of pain control is to provide patient comfort during the healing process in postoperative care. (Douglas & Schoenwald, 2013) Pain is considered the 5th vital sign during observations therefore the pain scale should be recorded during observations after surgery. Pain intensity is also assessed, as it is a quantitative estimate of the severity of the patient’s perceived pain. (Douglas & Schoenwald, 2013) Nurses also use pain scales to determine the pain intensity. (Ersek & Irving, 2012) For example, the numerical rating scale allows the patient to rate the level of pain from 0 -10. Nurses use a holistic approach to help the patient on how to deal with pain, helping them regain their physical, mental and spiritual health. (Seliman & Andosy, 2011) Family & patient education is also important as Lorig (2001) views it as a schema designed to improve...
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...December 2013 The Pleasure Scale As we go through life we will experience different events that will help shape the scales that we use in life. Biss talks about how pain is our own experience and no one else can feel the same intensity of pain that we feel at any given point in the day. I believe that it can also be turned around no one can feel the same type of pleasure that I feel. There is no way that I can write a scale of pleasure that fits every person that is on the earth; the only scale that I can make is one where I use the pleasure that have happened to me during my life time. As we age we tend to go through events that will change our outlook on life. Something that may have been a pleasure to us when we were younger may not be pleasure to use when we are older. Take for instance playing on the playground as a young child, that was to time of the day we all waited for we got to go outside and play on the jungle gym. That would not bring me pleasure it would make me depressed just for the fact that I can no longer play on the jungle gym because I am not small enough to enjoy to the level that I would want to. 0 Imagine a world where there is no such thing as pain. Now that you have done that do you think that there would be pleasure in that world? If there is no pain there can be no pleasure they go hand in hand. If you have never felt pain then how can you know what pleasure is? Biss talks about how there is not an absolute zero on the pain scale that she has designed...
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...HR should be aligned with the Organizations Goals to increase employee engagement and the company's bottom line. Companies are more successful when HR is aligned and the results are reflected in better profitability. HR strategic planning defines how the organizations goals will be achieved through people by integrate HR policies and practices, which should be tailored to fit the needs of the organization. Having the right people in the right place at the right time to meet or exceed standards of the job. Maersk's was experiencing a rise in Employee turnover, had become a publicly traded company and competition was on the increase. HR had to analyze the situation, form a strategy and implement it. Maersk was expanding globally and trends in the broader market became increasingly mobile. The work force changed, talent, needs and practices also changed. Finding and retaining high-quality talent was becoming a bigger challenge. One advantage of hiring internally is that promoted employees are already familiar with the policies and culture. Hiring internally may also improve employee morale and loyalty. Disadvantages of hiring internally are potential narrowing of thinking, stale ideas (inbreeding), smaller talent pool (fewer applicants) and internal politics will occur (possible discontent of rejected applicants, new subordinates may not respect new boss). One advantage of hiring externally is that new candidates can provide new ideas or fresh perspectives. Another is...
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..."Choose a medical condition that interests you and research it. Write about the possible uses of hypnosis in the treatment of the condition as you see them. Induction I have choosen to look at eczema for this essay. It is something that affects me personally. Eczema is a fairly common skin condition. It is an innflamation of the upper layers of the skin. It is seen mostly in children and affects around 1 in 12 adults. There does seem to be a link between eczema, hay fever and asthma, and as yet there is no known cure for it. Atopic eczema is a genetic condition based on the interaction between a number of genes and environmental factors. In most cases there will be a family history of either eczema or one of the other ‘atopic’ conditions i.e asthma or hay fever. The symptoms of ezcema can vary from being dry, itchy and inflamed to being broken and bleeding and raw. Ezcema is linked to stress levels in people and people who suffer with ezcema can develop anxiety around the way it looks and disfigures the skin, which in turn creates greater stress levels and ultimately leads to the eczema getting worse. It can be a viscious cycle. There is not a lot of research done into the power of hypnosis and other therapies such as meditation linked to eczema. The word eczema comes from the Greek word “ekzein” which means “to boil". The most successful treatment with eczema is steriod creams and ointments, one of the main problems with eczema is its extrememly itchy and this...
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...Throughout time, torture has been used to extract important information from people who are unwilling to give it. Some argue that it is a necessary, justified and effective way of forcing someone to release vital information they may not have wanted to, while others argue it is unjustified, unnecessary, violent and inhumane. Governments sometimes characterise torture as an indispensable interrogation tool for gathering strategic intelligence. However as highlighted by countless historical figures such as Napoleon Bonaparte and Greek philosopher Aristotle, torture is almost always pointless because most people, if put in sufficient pain, will say absolutely anything to stop it (Scott, 1995). Therefore this essay sets out to argue that torture...
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...This essay will follow the steps as described within the Clinical Reasoning Cycle; introducing Mrs Alice Palmer a 54-year-old who has recently suffered an ischaemic stroke and is now undergoing further care and rehabilitation in the acute stroke unit. Firstly, the implications of stroke and the risk factors will be briefly observed, secondly, how her demographic is affected by the issue at hand will be discussed. Thirdly, handover information will be analysed and further required information will be identified in regards to the collected cues. Health assessments and histories needed to be undertaken will then be determined as well as how they will be performed, and reasons why. An ischaemic stroke is characterised by accelerated brain cell...
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...Ethics Essay Week 1 ETH/316 May 26, 2014 Ethics Essay Week 1 Ethics is important in today’s societies because it sets characteristics of doing right and wrong. It is a set of principles that helps determine what decisions or actions an individual carries out in day-to-day living. Three ethical theories to be discussed are: Virtue theory, Utilitarian theory, and Deontological theory. Virtue theory is based on the concept of what it means to be “good”. In Greek meaning, also referred to as “excellence”. Virtue theory is a character ethic with the viewpoint that ones lives their life to cultivate excellence in all that they do. This ethical theory can be moral and nonmoral. An example of nonmoral would be an athlete that strives to be the best in their sport. A moral would be a religious leader that lives his or her life by the rules of their religion. The problem with the virtue theory is others often judge people harshly if seen not living up to the goodness or excellence that they are supposed to be portraying. For example, President Clinton was reamed by the media and public when it became known that he was having an affair with an intern. Though he might have been doing his job well, he didn’t hold the ethic standards in the public opinion to be in the president position. Next theory discussed is Utilitarian, the concept of being a team player. Utilitarianism is putting the good of the team before their own good. This theory suggests that their actions produce...
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...Review of Literature Essay When a person is placed on hospice, it is generally seen as a comfort measure instead of a curative measure (Villet-Langomarsino 2018). Pain management of the hospice patient is of great importance because it is one of the few things that can be done during the end stage of life when treatment of a disease is no longer desired. Pain is a common symptom in health care and should be one of the easiest to treat due to its popularity, but unfortunately it is not. Since pain is so unique to person, assessment and treatment must be custom tailored to each patient. The problem with pain management is its specificity to each person and disease plus the numerous ways to treat it. Without one specific roadmap of treating...
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...to the local hospice. For the purpose of this assignment the focus will be on pain, the importance of being pain free and what this would mean for Charles will be discussed through-out this case study. The World Health Organization (2008) say that freedom from cancer pain must be regarded as a human rights issue. Charles's pain was poorly controlled on admission so it took several hours for the nurse to assess and come to an agreement with Charles about how to manage his pain. The End of Life Care Strategy, written by the Department of Health have published the following guideline; " Ensure that pain amongst people approaching the end of life are kept to an absolute minimum with access to skilful symptom management for optimum quality of life." (Department of Health, 2008, p33). Historically, pain was seen as an emotion rather than a sensation that was experienced by the heart and not the brain (Meldrum, 2003). Pain in today’s society is seen as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage (International Association of the Study of Pain, 2011). Therefore, pain is not only experienced on a physical level such as intensity, location and quality but also with emotional feelings such as anxiety, frustration and depression. Pain is a multidimensional phenomenon and many health care professionals today adapt a more practical definition that states “pain is what the patient says it is and exists when the patient says it does” (Tollison...
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...number" and "Maximizing happiness across the population" are easily apparent when reflecting on Rainbow Fish's decision and the consequences (Mill). In the Rainbow Fish's case, theoretically, he was going to be a little less happy if he lost his scales, but as a result his friends will become much happier. In practice, though, giving everyone a scale actually made him even happier. Mill’s theory of maximizing happiness across the population in Utilitarianism explains why Rainbow Fish becomes happier when he shares his scales with the other fish and his perspective of selfishness explains why Rainbow Fish is unhappy at first. In the book, The Rainbow Fish, there is one of the most beautiful fish in the ocean. Unlike all of the other fish, Rainbow Fish had shimmering, colorful scales. He is asked to share one of his shining scales with a little blue fish, and to which he refuses. All the other fish in the sea leave him alone, and he wondered why. He goes to the wise octopus for advice, and she tells him to give away his scales. Rainbow Fish reluctantly does so, except for one. In the end, he is less beautiful then he was before, but he has new friends and is now the happiest fish in the sea. Utilitarianism, by John Stuart Mill, is an essay written to provide support for the value of utilitarianism as a moral theory, and to respond to misconceptions about it. Mill defines utilitarianism as a theory...
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...Why A Pleasurable Life Should Still Be Just Why does Epicurus think that a life that focuses on pleasure should still be a just (i.e. law abiding) one? Epicurus is a Greek philosopher who believes in Egoistic Hedonism, which is a theory that the pursuit of pleasure is the ultimate purpose of life. In this essay we will be focusing on why a life that focuses on pleasure should still be just. Furthermore we will learn how acting justly maximizes pleasure for individuals and for a society as a whole based on Epicurus's beliefs. In the Principle Doctrines, Epicurus states that “ It is impossible to live a pleasant life without living wisely and honorably and justly...” (Epicurus, p.1, #5). According to Epicurus, one of the fundamental...
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...The Application of Watson’s Caring Theory Name Institution Affiliation Application of Watson’s Caring Theory Human Caring Theory by Jean Watson contributes to the existential nursing. It concentrates on authentically caring concerning the whole patient. This caring involves the patient’s spirit, body and mind to facilitate the healing process to persist at an optimum level (Watson, 2011). Watson defined it as a caring model, which includes both science and art; providing a framework that intersects with and embraces science, art, spirituality, humanities, and new dimensions of spirit-body-mind medicine in addition to nursing. The essay describes the idea of Watson’s theory, the application of Human Caring theory in nursing practice connected to personal case, and the relevance of Human Caring theory in nursing leadership related to nursing problem. Watson supposes that the theory is ever changing and ought to be open to the evolving nursing practice as well as the human phenomena dynamics. Watson elaborates by explaining that caring art and science goes past an intellectualization of the subject luring us into endless, but timely space to re-examine the recurrent phenomenon of the human ailment. Using such abstract notions of faith, love, hope, caring, trust, and spirituality to nursing art and science could help stratify the human caring concept (Watson, 2011). The current nursing practice is incredibly affected by the theories designed by Dr. Watson...
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...The sampling done in the research article took place in a high school in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, using 7th, 8th and 9th grade students. This was so that the study was able to get a range of adolescent aged people. A criteria was set for the people that could participate within the study, this was: All participants were to be able to speak and read fluent English, as well as not having any development disabilities. This was so that people who met the criteria could be selected randomly, therefore allowing the study to be generalised amongst the population (Fampra). They then sent 350 letters out to people who met the criteria, however only 24 responded and participated in the study. With qualitative research, the studies should be carried out in a neutral place, so that the researcher is able to watch the participant’s behaviour and reactions closer. Therefore allowing the researcher to get the most accurate results (bmj.com). In the articles case the data collection took place in facilities in the local mall or the participant’s school. The participants were then separated up into same sex focus groups. The researcher decided to do same sex focus groups so that people who were participating in the study were not discriminated against as well as focus groups being more likely to encourage quieter people to speak out about their opinions (bmj.com/content/311/7000/299.extract). The article also refers to this as the “Peacock effect ( tendency for males to speak more frequent...
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...THEO104: Module Seven Reflection Essay Title Page 1 THEO104: Module Seven Reflection Essay Michelle A. Woycitzky Liberty University THEO104: Module Seven Reflection Essay 2 I. Introduction To define yourself as a Christian is to believe in God, Jesus Christ, the Holy Spirit, and the text of the Holy Bible. Many believers think that this is all it takes to be welcomed into Heaven and enjoy the afterlife in peaceful bliss with their maker. Much of what has been learned in this class these past two months has given me the opportunity to explore Christianity beyond face value, as it should be explored. The true model Christian delves into the inner workings of the scripture and promotes the promises made by God when one lives their life as a messenger of that scripture. Education is the only way to make a person aware of what it truly means to be a Christian. In reflecting on the concepts learned in this class, a series of questions were presented, three chosen, then answered on the basis of what I have learned. The first question I chose was, Does the Bible have authority? Through the Doctrine of the Bible and arguments that the Bible is the Word of God, this question will be answered along with the information in Towns book. Secondly, I chose, Why are personal testimonies important in sharing the gospel? This topic was of great interest to me because I am capable of explaining it...
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