...The history of the world is the history of humanity, beginning with the Paleolithic Era. Distinct from the history of the Earth (which includes early geologic history and prehuman biological eras), world history comprises the study of archaeological and written records, from ancient times on. Ancient recorded history begins with the invention of writing.[2][3] However, the roots of civilization reach back to the period before the invention of writing. Prehistory begins in the Paleolithic Era, or "Early Stone Age," which is followed by the Neolithic Era, or New Stone Age, and the Agricultural Revolution (between 8000 and 5000 BCE) in the Fertile Crescent. The Agricultural Revolution marked a change in human history, as humans began the systematic husbandry of plants and animals.[4][5][6] Agriculture advanced, and most humans transitioned from a nomadic to a settled lifestyle as farmers in permanent settlements. Nomadism continued in some locations, especially in isolated regions with few domesticable plant species;[7] but the relative security and increased productivity provided by farming allowed human communities to expand into increasingly larger units, fostered by advances in transportation. As farming developed, grain agriculture became more sophisticated and prompted a division of labor to store food between growing seasons. Labor divisions then led to the rise of a leisured upper class and the development of cities. The growing complexity of human societies necessitated...
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...HUM303 Sample Outline Format for the Course Project Venus de Willendorf VS. Barbie I. This section of the research paper will aim to establish an understanding of the differences in culture from the Paleolithic era to the contemporary society. This will also serve to identify the reasons for conducting research on the given subject area. Moreover, this section will also inculcate the idea of contrasting the cultural differences by way of analyzing art and 'idols' from both the times, the Paleolithic culture's Venus de Willendorf with today's ideal woman which is Barbie. Additionally, also briefly highlight the fact that even though today's contemporary society and its values do not in any way resemble the values and hierarchy of the pre historic period of our history; there remain some similarities, which commonly manifest as 'instincts.' A. Throughout the ages, what is considered beautiful in woman has varied. B. I think as the world evolves more, the choices of many begin to change. I think that most people now days prefer Barbie over Venus de Willendorf because Barbie is the ideal dream girl. II. The Paleolithic culture existed at a time commonly known as the pre historic period of our history which is marked by the development of the first ever traces of “technology,” that is the age when the rough and primitive tools made of stone were invented. A. We will talk about how people back then viewed women and what their views were. i. Women, back then, were known...
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...Humanity needed a change. We were known as hunter-gatherers and we would simply move where the food would. People were not living for long periods due to the amount required from each person during the Paleolithic era. The Paleolithic ear is also referred to as the “Old Stone Age”. This was because of the multiple rudimentary stone tools that were used during this period. The Homo sapiens would crack stones so they could use the sharp edge to chop materials. This period is considered the first time where tools were actually used to assist Homo sapiens. This period has been divided into the Lower Palaeolithic, with the earliest forms of mankind and the presence of hand-axe industries, ending c.80,000 bc, the Middle Palaeolithic (or Mousterian), the era of Neanderthal man, ending c.33,000 bc, and the Upper Palaeolithic, which saw the development of Homo sapiens from c.50,000 years ago (A Dictionary of World History, 2006). During the Upper Palaeolithic the early human population increased and formed larger communities, displaying a faster rate of cultural change than in the Middle Palaeolithic. Distinctive regional groups appeared for the first time (A Dictionary of World History, 2006). By Late Paleolithic or Old Stone Age times, human groups survived by combining hunting and fishing with the gathering of fruits, berries, grains, and root crops that grew in the wild. They had created a considerable number of tools to assist them in these critical endeavors. Tools of wood...
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...Pre-historic humanity developed in two main phases, the Paleolithic period, the Mesolithic period and the Neolithic period. The Paleolithic period was the most prolonged period in the pre-history of humanity. It begins when humans start using simple stone tools around 2.5 million years ago. A dominant characteristic of societies at this time was their nomadic way of life. They had few belongings aside from their stone tools since they “had no domesticated animals to transport goods” (p.5). Further, it was at this stage of human pre-history that humans first discovered fire and started to use complex language. Humans got most of their food from wild grains and fruits, hunting and fishing. The Mesolithic era marked the transition between the...
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...Historians have divided the past into many ways to make their life so much easier. They have divided into many eras. The first one was the The Paleolithic Era also known as the Old Stone Age. The next one was the Mesolithic Era which was in between the Paleolithic and Neolithic Era. As mentioned before the Neolithic Era was after the Mesolithic Era and was also known as the New Stone age. During the Neolithic Era a great discovery was made. This was farming or agriculture. During the stone ages there were many advantages and disadvantages for getting food through hunting and farming. First of all, there are advantages for being a hunter. For example, hunters have more nutritional foods because they usually eat meat. Meat is uch roe nutricional than the grains that farmers produce. Also hunters have less responsibilities because they don’t have to worry about their livestock and their crops. This huge responsibility would slow them down. Lastly, a hunter’s life was so much simpler than one of a farmers. Hunters didn’t need to make sure the crops had enough water or if they had good soil. It was a calmer and more simple life. To summarize, being a hunter had its...
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...fertile. Barbie was first inspired by a pin-up doll named Lilli, intended for German men in World War II as an object of amusement. According to M.G. Lord, author of Forever Barbie, “Barbie and Lilli symbolize the link between the Old World and the New” (Lord 9). However, Ruth Handler’s main influence for success was through the observation of her daughter Barbara playing with paper dolls. As she was watching her daughter, she noticed that pretend play was a very important part of the maturation of young females. Handler was determined to make the two dimensional paper doll a three-dimensional fashion sensation. From then on, women had a preconceived notion of what a female is supposed to look like, and what men want in a woman. In the Paleolithic era female figurines...
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...Questions 1-3 (1) What are the central beliefs of animism? Animism was a prominent religion during the Paleolithic era also known as the old stone age around 100,000 B.C.E. Tribal nomads were the followers of this religion they were grouped in blood kin ‘tribes’ defined by lineage. These ‘tribes’ defined the territory they lived on and the separate areas occupied by individual ‘tribes’. The tribal nomad animists were hunter gathers mainly and live off the earth which ties closely into their belief system. They all worked around a short 15- 25 hours per week. What did this group believe in what was there culture centered around? Animism which is the religious belief that all living and non-living things have a spirit: humans are equal to deer as well as the rocks. Why does everything having a spirit make them equal? Well one of the chief beliefs of animism is the belief that all spirits are equal so if every single thing has a spirit this means all things are equal. All the spirits are interchangeable; your spirit can leave your body and another spirit can take its place. Maybe your mother is acting very angry and irritable? She has the spirit of a bear in her possibly not the spirit of your mother. Bodies don’t have spirits, spirits have bodies. So you may wonder if these tribal nomads are hunter- gathers and live of the earth and the plants and animals doesn’t that break their belief system? No, it doesn’t; yes, they recognize that the animals and plants they consume are...
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...attracted animals that the early people hunted. The rivers were used as trading routes, made it easier to transport people or supplies. Living at the river sides require strict organization – apart from building irrigation systems, people had to learn how to prevent the water from flooding their homes by building dikes. Settling in at the river sides made it possible to establish the most known civilizations, like Egypt (river Nile ) or Mesopotamia ( Tigris – Euphrates) . 1. Describe carefully three ways in which Neolithic society differed from Paleolithic society. * People of the Paleolithic era lead a nomadic way of life. They were moving in small groups, rarely communicating with others. They moved from place to place mainly in order to find food. For example, when they couldn’t find any more edible plants or animals in one area, they were moving to the other and finding a temporary shelter there. In the Neolithic era people started to form larger societies and lead a sedentary lifestyle. They did not have a need to move in order to find food – they were able to learn how to grow crops and breed some animals they were using for...
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...Fa"Fad diet" is a term of popular media, not science. Some so-called fad diets may make pseudo-scientific claims. According to one definition, fad diets claim to be scientific but do not follow the scientific method in establishing their validity. What is a fad diet? There are many different definitions of what a fad diet consists of. One definition is any weight loss plan that quickly gains popularity and may become unpopular just as quick. A more specific definition is any weight loss program or aid that promises to produce dramatic weight loss in a very short amount of time. Each type of fad diet varies in the amount of food that is restricted and what types of foods may be restricted. Are fad diets healthy? The basis of these diets is usually a very restricted diet that may even eliminate certain food groups all together. Research has shown that in order to obtain the amount of nutrients our body needs on a daily basis we must consume a balanced and varied diet. Fad diets do not allow consumers to eat a well-balanced diet in most cases which causes the lack of nutrients to the body. In particular, the diets that eliminate certain foods from a person’s diet completely put the person at risk for nutrient deficiencies. Many of the diet authors will suggest that consumers take daily supplements to make up for the lost nutrients; however supplements do not provide all the plant chemicals and nutrients that our bodies need to function properly. Another risk of these diets...
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...Comparing Nude Women of Art from different eras It is surprising how different female body sculptures from different ancient civilizations are. The diverse forms of human body also embody many different functions and meanings. In art, naked figures reflect a very complex set of formal ideals, philosophical concerns, and cultural traditions. In this essay I would like to compare two sculptures of nude women. The first one is the Venus of Willendorf which was built in Paleolithic Period. Another is called the Venus of Milo carved in ancient Greece. The female body of the Venus of Willendorf depicts enlarged breasts, buttocks and genital, which represents fertility, while the body of Venus of Milo, on the other hand, demonstrates beauty and perfect proportions. Despite the difference characteristics and styles between them, they both represent the different view of the perfect female form. The most widely known female figurine, the Venus of Willendorf, with only 11cm in height, is possibly the smallest female nude sculpture we know. It is one of the most obese representations of the Paleolithic statuary. The Venus of Willendorf can be dated back to approximately the Paleolithic period, around 28,000 to 25,000 BCE. According to some analysis, it was obvious that it had once been “painted with red ochre”, a symbolic substance commonly found in connection with burials and grave goods from the same time period. It was made of Oolitic limestone. Her thighs are also large and pressed...
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...HUM101: WORLD CIVILIZATION AND CULTURE TOPIC 1: STONE AGE- PROLOGUE TO CIVILIZATION History: History is the record and interpretation of human past. It is useful and it teaches us many things about the world we live in. History is about everyday things which includes the factors how people use to travel, live, wear, eat, cook food, what were there beliefs, what kind of government they had, what theye use to do in their free time etc. All these factors makes history interesting and gives us an idea about the past actions of human beings. Before discovering what happened in history we must know when it happened. Chronology in history : BC: Before Christ BCE: Before Christian Era AD: Anno Domini CE: Christian Era Decade Century Millennium For example, we can count our age from the time we were born but we cannot count like these in history. No one knows when the world began and no one could write about 6000 years ago. But we must have a date that we can call Year One. People in different countries use different dates for Year One and sometimes often measure the date which is important in their religion. In Christian Calendar Year One is denoted as the year when Jesus Christ was born. AD means Anno Domini. These are Latin Word for ‘In the year of our Lord’. But also we want to count years before Christ was born which is before Year One. Time before Christ was born is known as (Before Christ). There are no written records about how people use to live in the past. Time before...
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...practiced religion, and had domesticated plants and animals. (2) This is just another example of how even though these people lived nine thousand years ago people today are still living in the same ways. I think that has been the most interesting part of the beginning of chapter one; our society still has many of the same values and practices of our ancient ancestors. The next section of chapter one focuses on the Old Stone Age or Paleolithic era. (3) The people of this era lived before written history existed, around 3000 B.C.E. However, they were tool-makers and artists. The cave paintings at Lascaux act as a type of history as do the finely made tools and jewelry that historians have discovered. (3) The Paleolithic people were known to be hunters and gatherers, they did not have domesticated animals, they had few material possessions, and disparities in wealth were unlikely. (3) They lived in a very egalitarian society which leads me to believe perhaps simple is better. Today’s people do not live equally and have many possessions; did the Paleolithic era people know something we don’t? After climate changes occurred the people of the Old Stone Age transitioned to the New Stone Age, or...
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...Name: Institution Affiliation: Neolithic Subsistence Strategies in the UAE The Neolithic Age (New Stone Age) refers to the age from about 12,000 BC to about 8000 BC. It is during this time that people settled in communities and civilization began to emerge. This period was a full transition from a food gathering to a food processing society. It involved a transition from foraging and hunting to the domestication of animals. There are various factors distinguishing Neolithic period from Paleolithic and Mesolithic cultures. They mainly include creating tools and weapons made from horns and stones, the introduction of metal tool, the dependence on domesticated plants and animals, settlement in permanent small villages and the appearance of such crafts as pottery and weaving. This article compares and contrasts how the Neolithic people use a number of strategies in New Stone Age. The New Stone Age followed Paleolithic Period and it precedes the Bronze Age. During the Neolithic Age, different kinds of animals were tamed, which showed their relationship with the humans just as in the Old Stone Age. For example, first, dogs were wolves that hunted the humans at their campgrounds. They came to realize later that the wolf puppies could be tamed and coached to hunt other wild animals. The dog’s strains that grew eventually showed skills in controlling herds like sheep. In addition, the first domesticated animals were sheep, goats and pigs...
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...Honors Art 100 September 13, 2010 List of Characteristics Paleolithic Period • In the Paleolithic period, people lived in a hunter-gatherer type society. They were nomadic people. • The class system they used was o Leader o Shaman o Hunters o Gatherers Shamans and leaders were sometimes the same. • The Shamans could heal the sick, influence animals, and communicate with animal spirits. • When shamans were depicted in art, they were often combined with some kind of animal. An example of this is “Human with feline head” (1-3). • Human with Humakllfafuman with Feline Head o Made of soft ivory, the inside of a mammoth tusk. o Could be a sculpture of a Shaman or a deity. o The marks on the arms could be military rank, number of times he was in battle, or simply tattoos. • The art they created was mostly drawings and sculptures of animals. • Whenever they would paint animals, they did it from a profile view. This • “Bison with a Turned Head” (1- ) o Broken spear thrower. • A lot of the paintings they did were along cave walls and ceilings. • “Hall of Bulls” o Bulls floating on cave walls. o No sense of proportion. ▪ The largest bull is 11’6” long while others are way smaller. • Artists in the Paleolithic period were not aware of a scale. There drawings were all very disproportional. • They did not...
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...The City in History: Reading Guide Chapter 1 Sanctuary, Village, and Stronghold 1. What does Mumford mean when he states, “human life swings between two poles: movement and settlement”? (5) 2. What role did cemeteries and shrines play here? How were they key elements in the establishment of settlements (cities)? 3. What was the third original aspect of temporary settlements? What role did it play in the formation of settlements (cities)? 4. What was lacking in paleolithic culture with regard to establishing permanent settlements? Why was this important? 5. What role did the domestication of animals play here? 6. What role did women play in early village life? 7. What tools/technologies were essential to early village life? 8. Describe the social organization, physical form, layout and features of the early village. 9. Why were containers so essential to the neolithic villager? 10. Describe the essential elements of the early village between 9000 and 4000 B.C.E. What are the essential characteristics identified by Mumford? Why were these so important? 11. What does Mumford mean when he sates, “conformity, repetition, patience were the keys to this [neolithic] culture once it had solidified”? (18) 12. Mumford states that, “the ancient Greeks thought that their own respect for custom and common law…was a unique product of their culture.” (20) Where does Mumford say the roots of such thinking...
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