...The pancreas is located in the middle of the abdomen. It’s surrounded by the stomach, small intestine, liver and spleen. It’s about six inches long and shaped like a thin pear, wide at one end. It has three sections: wider right end is the head, the middle is the body and the left end is the tail. The pancreas has two functions; to make enzymes that help digest fats and proteins and the other, to produce insulin that controls the blood sugar level called glucose. It consists of Islet cells (1 of 3 types), which are endocrine glands. This means the Islet cells secret the insulin directly into the blood stream. The pancreas contains many more of these Islet cells than the body needs to maintain a normal insulin level. Even when half of the pancreas is removed, the blood sugar level can still remain normal. The pancreas is also made up of exocrine glands, which produce enzymes for digestion. When the blood sugar levels aren’t normal, it’s a disease called diabetes. Diabetes (diabetes mellitus) is a deficiency of the hormone insulin or the inhibition of its action with the cells. The insulin acts like a bridge between the glucose and the cells. In the US there are about 16 million people who suffer from diabetes. It is the seventh most common cause of all deaths. Diabetes is most common in Native American females over 45 years of age. There are two main types of diabetes. The firsts is insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). In IDDM the body either doesn’t...
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...The pancreas is a very important organ in our body, and Weird Al seems to agree since he wrote a whole song about it. The pancreas performs many necessary functions that the body needs to keep the cycle of life going. This organ is considered both endocrine and exocrine because it performs different functions pertaining to each category. The song refers to the pancreas as secreting enzymes and hormones, and metabolizing carbohydrates, both which are endocrine and exocrine functions respectively. First we will discuss the endocrine function of the pancreas and why it is important. This function is carried out by the islets of Langerhans (Chapter 18, Figure 18.27a). These groups of cells secrete insulin and glucagon into the blood to maintain...
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...the Anatomical location of the Pancreas relative to the other organs in the upper portion of the abdominal cavity. The pancreas is an “elongated, tapered” organ that sits behind the stomach, across the back of the abdomen. The widest part of the pancreas is called the head and lies in the curve of the duodenum (1st section of s. intestine). The body of the pancreas extends slightly upward, and the tail of the pancreas ends near the spleen. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/healthcare_services/liver_biliary_pancreatic_disease/pancreas_anatomy_function/Pages/index.aspx Describe the functional anatomy of the duct system that conveys bile from the liver and digestive juice from the pancreas to the lumen of the duodenum. Pancreatic juice is a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and digestive enzymes that travel through the pancreatic ducts directly into the lumen of the duodenum. Chyme is partially digested food that travels from the stomach into the duodenum, and trypsm, amylase, and lipase are the digestive enzymes which break down proteins, starches, and fats and are carried to the duodenum from the stomach. The liver manufactures and secretes Bile, which is a fluid released into the duodenum that aids in digestion of fat. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.visualhistology.com/products/atlas/VHA_Chpt14_Pancreas_Liver_And_Gallbladder.html Briefly outline the endocrine and exocrine functions of the Pancreas. The pancreas contains two glands, both the endocrine...
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...3U0Turner05 December 2014 | | Introduction Enzymes are proteins which help break down chemical substances such as other proteins, carbohydrates or fats that are necessary for life (Novozymes, 2014). In this experiment, the effects of water, pancreatic juice, and trypsin solutions were observed on milk. The use of the phenol red indicator helps detect the pH level. The lower pH level will cause the colour to shift from red to orange, and possibly to yellow; if no reaction takes place, then colour will stay the same red/ pink hue. Question Has each of the enzymes broken down the perspective substrate (fat molecules) in milk? Hypothesis The human digestive tract has a complex process of digesting and absorbing nutrients. The pancreas is in accessory organ that produces pancreatic juices, which contains numerous enzymes that chemically digest carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins (Dunlop et al, 2010). Because the enzymes of the pancreatic fluid can break down lipids, with this one can assume that the test tube which contains pancreatic juices will have more of a reaction. Either test tube B, C, or D will have the greatest outcome because they contain the enzymes (lipase, trypsin) to break down the fat molecules of the milk. Materials 4 test tubesTest tube rack500mL beakerRetort stand | Milk solutionPancreatic juice solutionHot plateGlass rod | Phenol red indicatorTrypsin solutionThermometer | Procedure : 1. Water bath was prepared by using the 500mL beaker...
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...two. She wanted to live her life to the fullest and not be sick from chemo. At that moment every minute was precious time left with mom and I wanted to be by her side every minute of every day. This is the true story of a beautiful life cut short from cancer. Her Last Days This research paper will explain the main function of the pancreas and why pancreatic cancer is it so deadly? It will reveal how a person can live without a complete pancreas? This essay will cover the five stages of grief my mother experienced. I will attempt to explain the emotional aspect my mother went through. It will also talk about hospice and how they assisted us through the process. Lastly, my paper will cover how strong my mother’s faith in God was and still is. What is the main function of the pancreas? This gland is positioned in the epigastric portion of the abdomen tuck in behind the stomach (NCBI, 2011). The pancreas has very important jobs in the body in order to sustain life. The pancreas secretes special hormones called insulin and the insulin binds with the glucose. This is a delicate balance that constantly goes on in the body. If the pancreas does not secrete enough insulin to bind with the glucose then the blood sugar goes too high and can cause a lot of different health...
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...Acute pancreatitis is a sudden and serious swelling of the pancreas. The amount of inflammation ranges from mild swelling/fluid buildup to extreme tissue death. This disease usually and equally affects middle-aged men and women; however, the percentage of African Americans with acute pancreatitis is three times higher than in Caucasians. Many factors make up the etiology of acute pancreatitis; gallbladder disease being the number one cause (most common in women) followed by chronic alcohol intake as the second most common cause (most common in men). Other causes of acute pancreatitis include vascular diseases, viral infections, abscesses, cystic fibrosis, trauma, penetrating duodenal ulcers, metabolic disorders, certain drugs, Kaposi sarcoma,...
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...School of Nursing, Midwifery and Interprofessional Studies. With reference to acid-base balance explore the role of the respiratory system in maintaining blood pH? ‘We live and die at the cellular level’ (Reid, 2011). Homeostasis is crucial for normal cellular function. Acid-base homeostasis is the part of human homeostasis and refers to the balance between the production and elimination of H+ hydrogen ions (pH) within the body fluids (William, Simpkins, 2001, p.236). Metabolic reactions within the cells often produce a huge excess of H+. Lack of any mechanism for its excretion would lead H+ levels in body fluids rise quickly to the lethal levels (Tortora, Grabowski 2006, p.1001); therefore the homeostasis of the right H+ levels is crucial for our survival. In a healthy person several systems work interdependently on maintaining blood’s pH (Sheldon, 2001, p.23): buffer, renal and respiratory systems. In this essay I will concentrate on the pH of the blood in relation to the acid-base balance and the role that respiratory system has in maintaining it. Blood pH is a measure of its acidity or alkalinity. A pH of 7.4 is considered neutral in the systemic arterial blood within its narrow range of around 7.35 and 7.45. When the pH is greater than 7.45 the blood is considered to be alkalotic and when the pH is lower than 7.35 then the blood is considered acidotic (Sheldon, 2001, p.23). Fig. 1: Diagram of blood pH scale: (JupiterIonizer, 2004) The acidity or alkalinity...
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...FORENSIC SCIENCE 3.1 [pic] The frontalis, orbicularis oris, laris oculi, buccinators and zygomaticus are muscles that are responsible for showing facial expressions such as surprise, anger, fear, disgust, amongst other emotions. The temporalis and the masseter muscle are responsible for chewing movements. The sterncleidomastoid and trapezius are neck muscles and can be associated with the throat. 3.2 The principal organs that comprise the nervous system are the brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia. These organs also consist of various tissues including nerve, blood and connective tissue. All together the organs and various tissues carry out the activities of the nervous system. The activities of the nervous system can be grouped together as three overlapping functions. The first of these functions is sensory. There are millions of sensory receptors that detect changes which occur on the inside and outside of the body. They monitor things such as temperature, light and sound from the external environment and from the internal environment they detect variations in pressure, PH, carbon dioxide. All of this gathered information is called sensory output which is converted into electrical signals called nerve impulses which are transmitted to the brain. These signals are then brought together to create sensations, to add a memory or to produce thoughts. The decisions that are made each moment based on the sensory input is the second function, integration...
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...Maggie A. Balacua BOM25 Hormones secreted by the main Endocrine Glands: Endocrine Gland | Hormone(s) Secreted | Function(s) of Hormones | | | | (1) Hypothalamus | Part of the Brain: The Control and Relay Centre of the Endocrine System. | (2) Pituitary | Known as the "Master Gland", this part of the brain consists of three lobes called "anterior", "interior" and "posterior". | Posterior | * Oxytocin | * Stimulates utrine contraction and brest contraction for milk release. | Posterior | * Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH), also known as "vasopressin" | * Stimulates re-absorption of water from kidney tubules. * Hypo- causes Diabetes Insipidus (large amounts of urine produced). | Anterior | * Prolactin (PRL) | * Production of breast milk (works in men too). | Anterior | * Human Growth Hormone (HGH) | * Growth * Hypo- Dwarfism * Hyper- Gigantism | | * Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) | * Stimulates the thyroid to release thyroxin. | Anterior | * Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH) | * Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce: Corticosteriods: * mineral corticoids * glucocorticoids * cortisol (natural anti-inflammatory) * androgens, e.g. acdosterone | Anterior | * Luteinizing Hormone (LH) | * Brings about ovulation and maintains the corpus luteum. | Anterior | * Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) | * Stimulates growth/development of Graafin follicles (= a mature follicle in...
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...Title: Exploring Endocrine, Circulatory, and Respiratory Systems Instructions: Your lab report from Part 1 along with the Part 2 activity will serve as a guide to answer the questions and to complete the tables for the endocrine, cardiovascular (circulatory), and respiratory systems. When your lab report is complete, submit this document to your instructor in your assignment box. 1. Endocrine System Question 1: How does the insulin and glucagon secreted by the pancreas function in glucose metabolism? Answer 1: “Insulin and glucagon work together to keep glucose levels in the blood within the normal range. When there is an elevated blood glucose level, this stimulates beta cells in the pancreas to secrete insulin. The insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose by body cells, and the liver will uptake the glucose and store it as glycogen. These actions return blood glucose levels back to normal. When there is decreased blood glucose, this stimulates the alpha cells in the pancreas to produce glucagon. The glucagon travels to the liver and facilitates the conversion of glycogen to glucose. This glucose is released in the bloodstream to return levels back to normal.” (M.U.S.E.) 2. Cardiovascular System Blood flows through the body in two distinct pathways: the pulmonary pathway and the systemic pathway. The blood flowing in the pulmonary pathway is deoxygenated, and it delivers this blood to the lungs to be oxygenated again. The blood...
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...Artificial Pancreas ; The pancreas is a gland organ in the digestive and endocrine system of vertebrates. It is both an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, as well as an exocrine gland, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that pass to the small intestine. These enzymes help in the further breakdown of the carbohydrates, protein, and fat. Digestion is the process of breaking down food into molecules small enough for the body to absorb. 1. The mouth. 2. The pharynx, which in humans, leads to both the trachea and the esophagus. While food is being swallowed, the epiglottis blocks the trachea. 3. The esophagus, which is the tube from the pharynx to the stomach. 4. The stomach is a J-shaped, expandable sack, normally on the left side of the upper abdomen. 5. The small intestine, which has a length of about 6 m. 6. The large intestine or colon. 7. The rectum . As well as digestive system, there is endocrine system, and the pancreas is a part of this system; with purpose and a role in hormone production. Endocrine system is made up of glands that produce and secrete hormones. These hormones regulate the body's growth, metabolism and sexual development and function. * Endocrine system is made up of glands that produce and secrete hormones. These hormones regulate the body's growth, metabolism and sexual development and function. * Pancreas: is a glandular organ that secretes digestive enzymes...
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...The pancreas is a large gland behind the stomach and next to the small intestine. The pancreas aids digestion by releasing digestive enzymes into the small intestine, and it releases insulin and glucagon hormones into the bloodstream to aid the body to use food for energy (Pancreatitis Causes, Symptoms, 2013). Pancreatitis is a serious disease in which the pancreas becomes inflamed. This occurs when the protein and lipid digesting enzymes become activated before they are released into the small intestine and begin attacking and digesting the pancreas itself (Zelman, 2010). This results in severe necrosis and edema of the pancreas. There are two types of pancreatitis: chronic and acute, which occur more often in women than in men (Zelman, 2010). In men, pancreatitis is often associated with alcoholism or peptic ulcers, while in women it’s associated with gallbladder disease (Zelman, 2010). Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation that only last a short time and most people recover completely after receiving proper treatment. If severe pancreatitis occurs, it may cause damage to vital organs such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys due to infection, serious tissue damage, and cyst formation (Pancreatitis Causes, Symptoms, 2013). Chronic pancreatic is a long lasting inflammation of the pancreas usually after an episode of acute pancreatitis. It may also occur due to heavy alcohol drinking, but damage to the pancreas may not cause symptoms for many years (Cuhna, 2014). Symptoms...
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...Anatomy of the hepatobiliary: 1) Pancreas: ➢ The pancreas is an elongated accessory digestive gland that is located between duodenum on the right and spleen on the left. It crosses the L1-L2 level of the transpyloric plane. i. Function: a) Exocrine: releases pancreatic juice from the acinar cells for digestion through the main pancreatic duct and accessory duct. b) Endocrine: Releases insulin and glucagon from the B and Alpha Islets of langerhans cells directly into the blood. ii. Compartments: a) Head: • The head of the pancreas embedded onto the C-shaped of the duodenum just to the right of the superior mesenteric artery. • The embedded is just below the transpyloric plane. • The uncinate process is just the extending process of the head of the pancreas that are posterior to the superior mesenteric artery • The pancreatic head is superior to IVC, right renal artery and vein,left renal vein and abdominal aorta. b) Neck: • The neck of the pancreas is anterior to the superior mesenteric artery and vein. • Besides, inferior mesenteric vein form with splenic vein to form portal hepatic vein. • It is cover by peritoneum adjacent to stomach c) Body: • The body is continuation of the neck of the pancreas left of the sup mesenteric vessels and overlies aorta and L2 vertebrae just above the transpyloric plane and runs to the omental bursa. • The anterior surface...
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...The Gross Structure of Body Systems The Gross Structure of Body Systems Contents page: Cardiovascular: Page 1 Respiratory: Page 2 Digestive system: Page 3 Renal: Page 4 Nervous system: Page 5 Endocrine: Page 6, 7 Reproductive system (both genders): Page 8 Musculoskeletal: Page 9 Section through bone: Page 10 Skin: Page 11 Immune System: 12 Lymphatic System: 12 Cardiovascular: The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and about 5 litres of blood that the blood vessels transport. The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and cellular waste products throughout the body. The cardiovascular system is powered by the body’s hardest-working organ, which is the heart. The heart: The heart is a muscular organ about the size of a closed fist that functions as the body’s circulatory pump. It takes in deoxygenated blood through the veins and delivers it to the lungs for oxygenation before pumping it into the various arteries (which provide oxygen and nutrients to body tissues by transporting the blood throughout the body). The heart is located in the thoracic cavity medial to the lungs and posterior to the sternum. Arteries: The arteries are the blood vessels that deliver oxygen to the blood from the heart to the tissues of the body. Each artery is a muscular tube lined by smooth tissue and has three layers: •The intima, is the inner layer lined...
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...The Endocrine System OBJECTIVES Give the functions of the endocrine system Define hormones, endocrine and exocrine glands Enumerate and state the location of the endocrine glands of the body Explain the role of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in endocrine function Describe how hypothalamus regulates hormone secretion from the pituitary Describe how the pituitary gland regulates the secretion of hormones from other endocrine glands Describe the different endocrine glands of the body based on the following: Structure Hormones produced Target cells for each hormone Principal action of each hormone WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM? Identify the 2 major types of endocrine conditions and give examples of each OVERALL FUNCTION OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM FUNCTIONS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Water balance Uterine contractions & milk release Growth, metabolism, & tissue maturation Ion regulation Heart rate & blood pressure regulation Blood glucose control Immune system regulation Reproductive functions control REGULATION OF EFFECTORS TO MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS 1 HORMONES Comes from the greek word hormaein which means “to excite” Mediator molecules released by the glands of the endocrine system Overview of the Endocrine System System of ductless glands that secrete hormones Hormones are “messenger molecules” Circulate in the blood Act on distant target cells Target cells respond to the hormones for...
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