...Stardust is the NASA spacecraft that took samples of the Wild 2 comet. This craft returned samples that showed sampled of glycine, an amino acid used to make proteins. The mission took place in January of 2004 and the data was sent back to Earth in January 2006. These results were the first to prove that there are life ingredients in space. This proof restarts the issue of whether our species was created by a meteor or comet that came to Earth and left these similar samples. It’s perfectly logical to think believe if this one comet had these particles that many more could too. That they could be remnants of other planets or celestial bodies even. Dr. Carl Pilcher, Director of the NASA Astrobiology Institute which co-funded the research said, “The discovery of glycine in a comet supports the idea that the fundamental building blocks of life are prevalent in space, and strengthens the argument that life in the universe may be common rather than rare.” This is simply a hint of possibilities for what could be out there. Through this two-year journey much was accomplished. These accomplishments give scientists and astronomers even more of a reason to look into space in search for many things from life to more life ingredients. If our science today can accomplish something like this then the limitations are endless for future scientists and what they can find. Professor Donald E. Brownlee said it best when he said, “The discovery of amino acids in the returned comet sample...
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...of life on Earth: That life came from space. This theory is referred to as the “panspermia” theory because it presumes that life may be seeded from space throughout many worlds and many solar systems. By implication, the panspermia theory supposes that life should be common wherever there are physical conditions that are capable of supporting life. This report addresses the possibility that life may have originated in space rather than on Earth, and considers the evidence in support of the various theories about how that may have happened, if it did. Such theories are called “panspermia” theories from the Greek for “all seeds”—the seeds of life existing everywhere in space. One of the critical issues in any discussion of life from beyond the Earth is how we define life at all. In most scientific circles, the modern definition of life has become “life as we currently recognize it” rather than “any possible type of life imaginable.” Yet even the definition of what we declare to be recognizable is constantly updated as we discover life here on Earth that survives in extreme conditions of heat, radiation, extreme acids, unusual chemistries (sulfur-based), and even inside rocks buried deep underground. The bottom line condition for life “as we know it” seems at this point to be the presence of liquid water at least at some time in the past, if not the present. (Sonali S. Joshi 2008) Panspermia Theories of the Origin of Life Most theories of the origin of life assume that...
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...Describe the two theories for how life began on earth: • the two theories are called panspermia and formation of chemicals on earth Panspermia • Gravity pulled down meteorites, causing organic molecules to be present on earth Formation of Chemicals on Earth • Life began here on earth by the formation of organic molecules. The early earth environment had no free oxygen and therefore was a good environment for the formation of organic molecules in the primordial soup Identify the theory that Oparin formulated to explain the formation of organic molecules on earth. (chemosynthesis theory) • Oparin formulated the theory that the conditions of earth contained all the necessary chemicals combined with electrical storms and Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic have membrane-bound organelles. Can be single or multicellular organisms. Prokaryotic do not, therefore the DNA is in the cytoplasm. Prokaryotic are unicellular organisms Explain why fossilization is a rare event It is a process that happens over thousands of years, and requires the animal to be buried under layers of sediment, but not so much that the bones are squashed. The sediment above it must harden, and a cast must be formed. This occurs when water washes through and dissolves bones. The minerals must be left behind and take the place of the bones. The chances of there being perfect conditions for this to take place are highly unlikely. Chances of predation, being squashed...
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...ummary of the three (3) current competing theories of the origin of life on Earth: It arrived from an extraterrestrial source; it originated as a heterotroph; it originated as an autotroph. Scientists to this day do not know how life came about on Earth. Yet, they continue to study many kinds of evidence and continue their research. At present there are three competing theories one how life on Earth came about. Life arrived here from an extraterrestrial source. Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius popularized the idea of panspermia in the early nineties; the concept that life arose outside the Earth and that living things were transported to Earth to seed the planet with life. According to this passage, his theory does not explain how life arose originally, even though it had little scientific support at that time. His theory has been revived and modified after gaining new evidence from the examinations of meteorites and space explorations. Organic molecules are found in many meteorites, and this suggests that life may have existed elsewhere in the solar system. An analysis of a meteorite found in Antarctica in 1996 suggested that from its chemical make up, it was a portion of Mars, also the presence of complex organic molecules and small globules resembles those found on earth. Yet scientists no longer agree that their structures are from microorganisms even though many may disagree. Explorations on Mars’s surface failed to find evidence of life. But in June and July of...
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...things comes from other living things. In this new era, there are three competing theories on the origin of life on Earth, which is extraterrestrial source, heterotrophy origin and autotroph origin. Extraterrestrial life is defined as life that was not created from earth. In other words, the universe has been formed with life existence on other planets outside of Earth. The theoretical life form of prokaryotes begins with civilizations far more than humanity. This measurement was done through the Drake equation, where a probabilistic argument was used to estimate the number of active, communicative extraterrestrial civilizations in the Milky Way galaxy. Furthermore, there are hypothesis that have supported this suggested that the panspermia theory of life on Earth did not originate on our planet, but was transported here from somewhere else in the universe. While this idea may seem factual, some evidence suggests that an extraterrestrial origin of life may not be such an outrageous idea. Evidence that support this theory are as follows, meteorites from Mars to Earth were found with complex organic molecules may have supported life, an additional evidence is drawn when Mars were discovered that bodies of water might had previously existed that there is life on Earth. An additional hypothesis involves chemical evolutions which propose that inorganic matter changed into organic matter. It is proven that since most planets lack oxygen and earth is one of the planets then the...
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...Crick and Walter Gilbert in 1986. He discovered that RNA could be changed to DNA if you reverse the transcription. He said that RNA was needed for all life, and if evolved or mutated it could create new life, He proved this by testing the effects on something without RNA. One woman even wrote a book completely about his theory, called “Life Itself”. The Community Clay Hypothesis was written by Cairns Smith in 1982. His hypothesis was saying that he could take genetic material and store it in certain types of clay. This means some clays could’ve held the first cells and eventually started the process of evolution. But it does have some flaws, it doesn’t solve the problem of the evolution of the genetic code. The Panspermia Hypothesis was first talked about in Greek times in as early as 500 B.C. by the Greek philosopher Anagorax. It stated that everything always existed but in very small fragments spread everywhere infinitely. The theory was later taken and built upon in the 1700’s and 1900’s. Recent support was a meteorite from mars that contained nanobacteria, which could mean mars was once a part of earth or once also had life. In summary there are many theories made by scientists, some can be connected and some are completely alone and have nothing in common with any other. Some are more believable than others and some are crazy. But the only real reason they make these theories is so they have an answer to what happened rather than living...
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...A Summary of the Three (3) Current Competing Theories of the Origin of Life on Earth: It Arrived from an Extraterrestrial Source; It Originated as a Heterotroph; It Originated as an Autotroph. Summary of the three (3) current competing theories of the origin of life on Earth: It arrived from an extraterrestrial source; it originated as a heterotroph; it originated as an autotroph. Scientists to this day do not know how life came about on Earth. Yet, they continue to stuerwtdy many kinds of evidence and continue their research. At present there are three competing theories one how life on Earth came about. Life arrived here from an extraterrestrial source. Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius popularized the idea of panspermia in the early nineties; the concept that life arose outside the Earth and that living things were transported to Earth to seed the planet with life. According to this passage, his theory does not explain how life arose originally, even though it had little scientific support at that time. His theory has been revived and modified after gaining new evidence from the examinations of meteorites and space explorations. Organic molecules are found in many meteorites, and this suggests that life may have existed elsewhere in the solar system. An analysis of a meteorite found in Antarctica in 1996 suggested that from its chemical make up, it was a portion of Mars, also the presence of complex organic molecules and small globules resembles those found on earth....
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...timeline of the history of Earth, about 4,400 million years ago the earliest water had made it's way to Earth's atmosphere. If we look shortly after that, about 4,100 millions years ago, we find that the eariest life had been formed only shortly after the earliest water had made it's way to Earth's atmosphere. If we look even further after these events, we begin to notice the milestones the Earth has made regarding its development of life. We begin to notice the earliest oxygen being formed, the earliest sexual reproduction, the emergence of dinosaurs, mammals, flowers, all the way until we reach the earliest human life. There are many theories as to how life and organic compounds came to Earth. One of these major theories is known as Panspermia, which is the theory that organic compounds were first brought to Earth by meteoroids from space. This theory has more evidence backing it up as old meteorites have been found that contain organic compounds we believe played a role in beginning life on Earth. Another piece of evidence is that water has a role in suporing life on Earth because without water, life forms such as humans and animals such as lions would not have been able to sustain themselves and live on Planet Earth. Without water on Earth, none of us would be here today! Water is so important in supporting life as it allows everything and everyone on the Earth to thrive and be able to sustain themselves. My reasoning for all my evidence is the fact that humans look for...
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...Acknowledgments With warm thanks to Jason Kaufman for his superb guidance and insightful editorial skills; Blythe Brown for her tireless research and creative input; my good friend Jake Elwell at Wieser & Wieser; the National Security Archive; the NASA Public Affairs Office; Stan Planton, who continues to be a source for information on all things; the National Security Agency; glaciologist Martin O. Jeffries; and the superb minds of Brett Trotter, Thomas D. Nadeau, and Jim Barrington. Thanks also to Connie and Dick Brown, the U.S. Intelligence Policy Documentation Project, Suzanne O'Neill, Margie Wachtel, Morey Stettner, Owen King, Alison McKinnell, Mary and Stephen Gorman, Dr. Karl Singer, Dr. Michael I. Latz of Scripps Institute of Oceanography, April at Micron Electronics, Esther Sung, the National Air and Space Museum, Dr. Gene Allmendinger, the incomparable Heide Lange at Sanford J. Greenburger Associates, and John Pike at the Federation of American Scientists. Author's Note The Delta Force, the National Reconnaissance Office, and the Space Frontier Foundation are real organizations. All technologies described in this novel exist. If this discovery is confirmed, it will surely be one of the most stunning insights into our universe that science has ever uncovered. Its implications are as far-reaching and awe-inspiring as can be imagined. Even as it promises answers to some of our oldest questions, it poses still others even more fundamental...
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...Dan Brown Deception Point Deception Point by Dan Brown Acknowledgments With warm thanks to Jason Kaufman for his superb guidance and insightful editorial skills; Blythe Brown for her tireless research and creative input; my good friend Jake Elwell at Wieser & Wieser; the National Security Archive; the NASA Public Affairs Office; Stan Planton, who continues to be a source for information on all things; the National Security Agency; glaciologist Martin O. Jeffries; and the superb minds of Brett Trotter, Thomas D. Nadeau, and Jim Barrington. Thanks also to Connie and Dick Brown, the U.S. Intelligence Policy Documentation Project, Suzanne O’Neill, Margie Wachtel, Morey Stettner, Owen King, Alison McKinnell, Mary and Stephen Gorman, Dr. Karl Singer, Dr. Michael I. Latz of Scripps Institute of Oceanography, April at Micron Electronics, Esther Sung, the National Air and Space Museum, Dr. Gene Allmendinger, the incomparable Heide Lange at Sanford J. Greenburger Associates, and John Pike at the Federation of American Scientists. Author’s Note The Delta Force, the National Reconnaissance Office, and the Space Frontier Foundation are real organizations. All technologies described in this novel exist. “If this discovery is confirmed, it will surely be one of the most stunning insights into our universe that science has ever uncovered. Its implications are as far-reaching and awe-inspiring as can be imagined. Even as it promises answers to some of our oldest questions, it poses still...
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