...The text states that the “authoritative parenting style is characterized by high degrees of demandingness and responsiveness”. These parents are likely to show a large amount of affection and warmth for the child, respect the child's individual freedom and independence, clearly communicate expectations while giving the child some degree of choice, and have high standards for mature behavior from the child (Bojczyk, Shriner & Shriner. (2012). Authoritative parents are both difficult and understanding. "They monitor and impart clear standards for their children's conduct. They are assertive, but not intrusive and restrictive. Their disciplinary methods are supportive, rather than punitive. They want their children to be assertive as well...
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...Parenting Style and the Psychological Wellbeing in Young Adults Name: Course Instructor: Abstract This study examines the effects of opinion of parenting styles; (I will use PS to denote Parenting Styles) on the psychosocial success; (I will use PSS to denote psychosocial success) of emerging adults; (I will use EAs to denote emerging Adults). PSS was described as the successful resolution of the responsibilities hypothesized by Erikson’s juncture theory of psychosocial advancements (Erikson, 1975). The procedures of Psychosocial Development founded on Erikson’s hypothesis; (Hawley, 1988), the PAQ or Parental Authority Questionnaire (Buri 1991), coupled with the Internal-External level of Rotter (1966) were fulfilled by 334 undergraduates (ages 18-25). Examination revealed relations between • Authoritative style of parenting and PSS. • Maternal authoritative upbringing and internal Rotter’s hypothesis. • External Rotter’s hypothesis and maternal permissive and totalitarian PS. The link between paternal PS and PSS was also restrained by Rotter’s hypothesis. EAs’ PSS may be influenced both directly by their acuity of the PS they stumble upon earlier in life and circuitously through assumptions which may also be inclined by apparent PS. Introduction Arnett (2000) has recommended that the period of life spanning from age 18 to 25 be regarded as a distinctive life stage termed as Emerging Adulthood or Young Adulthood....
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... PROPOSED TOPIC: THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTING STYLES ON ASSERTIVENESS NAME: ABDALLAH MUNIRA INDEX NUMBER: 10272035 SUPERVISOR: DR ADOTEY ANUM CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY As we grow up, we learn to adapt our behavior to accommodate the norms of our societies. We model ourselves upon those around us, example parents, teachers, peers and other influences such as television and magazines. In the early years of a child’s life, parents are the most influential people until his teen years where peers replace parents. Children therefore model themselves to conform to the norms of their parents. Example in a typical Ghanaian society, it is a norm for children to obey their elders without challenging their opinions and judgments regardless of the situation. Internalizing these norms reflect in aspects of the child’s personality such as his self-concept and assertive skills, a norm like not expressing your opinions, feelings and beliefs openly and honestly is likely to hinder assertiveness in an individual. This study investigated the effects of parenting styles on assertiveness. Assertiveness is the act of expressing genuine feelings, standing up for your legitimate rights and refusing unreasonable requests. It is the simple act of...
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...Chapter 2 Early Childhood Development Theories Abstract Developmental theories are useful towards understanding how children learn and grow, and by what means their trajectories can be supported. Most theorists agree that both biology and experience are key factors that shape developmental outcomes. Risk and protective factors are said to contribute to development and often can be modified through intervention efforts. The prevention model emphasizes a foundation of supports and services aimed to foster healthy development. Keywords Secure base behavior • Emotional regulation • Egocentric • Accommodation • Assimilation • Equilibrium • Zone of proximal development • Positive reinforcement • Negative reinforcement • Punishment • Parenting styles • Modeling • Ecological theory • Risk and protective factors • Prevention model Theories of development provide a framework for thinking about human growth, development, and learning. If you have ever wondered about what motivates human thought and behavior or how personalities form, understanding these theories can provide useful insight into both the individual and societal influences on early development. The next section will briefly review the major developmental theories that help to explain how development unfolds, sources of vulnerability and protection that influence child development, and how the course of development may be altered by prevention and intervention efforts. Understanding factors which may support or...
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...1590/S0102-79722010000200002 DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY The influence of gender and birth order on parenting practices Gender and birth order the moderators parenting Izabela Tissot Sampaio Antunes Federal University of Santa Catarina * , Mauro Luís Vieira ABSTRACT This study evaluated gender and birth order as moderating variables of parenting practices and perception of parental preference from the point of view of the children. Participated in the survey 322 adolescents between 13 and 17 years. Parenting Styles Inventory (ESI) and a questionnaire developed by the authors: two instruments for data collection were used. Data were analyzed by non-parametric statistics (MannWhitney and Kruskal-Wallis). By analyzing the results, it was found that: (a) the gender of the children interferes significantly in rates of parenting style, (b) the first-born had significantly higher risk of suffering from negative parenting practices, and (c) the perception of preference parenting is influenced by gender and birth order of the children. Keywords: Gender, Birth Order, Parental Educational Practices. ABSTRACT This study Aimed at Assessing gender and birth order influence on parenting and Perceived parental favoritism from the children perspective. The participants were 322 adolescents aged between 13 and 17 years old. Two instruments were used to collect data - Parenting Styles Inventory and a questionnaire developed by the authors. Nonparametrical statistics (Mann-Whitney...
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...personalities than one another. Despite these challenges, researchers have uncovered convincing links between parenting styles and the effects these styles have on children. During the early 1960s, psychologist Diana Baumrind conducted a study on more than 100 preschool-age children (Baumrind, 1967). Using naturalistic observation, parental interviews and other research methods, she identified four important dimensions of parenting: * Disciplinary strategies * Warmth and nurturance * Communication styles * Expectations of maturity and control Based on these dimensions, Baumrind suggested that the majority of parents display one of three different parenting styles. Further research by also suggested the addition of a fourth parenting style (Maccoby & Martin, 1983). The Four Parenting Styles 1. Authoritarian Parenting In this style of parenting, children are expected to follow the strict rules established by the parents. Failure to follow such rules usually results in punishment. Authoritarian parents fail to explain the reasoning behind these rules. If asked to explain, the parent might simply reply, "Because I said so." These parents have high demands, but are not responsive to their children. According to Baumrind, these parents "are obedience- and status-oriented, and expect their orders to be obeyed without explanation" (1991). 2. Authoritative Parenting Like...
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...Influence of Parenting Styles on Junior Secondary School Students' Performance in Social Studies in ilorin Emirate AbdulRaheem Yusuf, Ayorinde Samuel Agbonna and Hamdalat Taiwo Yusuf Department of Arts and Social Sciences Education, University of llorin, llorin Abstract The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of parenting styles on junior secondary school students' performance in social studies in llorin Emirate, Nigeria. The study used questionnaire and Proforma to collect data on parenting styles and students' performance. The data on junior school certificate and parenting styles were analyzed using frequency count, percentages and chi- square to answer the research questions and test the hypotheses raised in the study. The results showed that the parenting styles adopted had influence on the performance of the students. In addition, it was observed that students from authoritative parenting had better performance than students from other parenting styles. It was recommended among others that parents should adopt authoritative parenting style to enhance optimal performance of the students. In addition, the school should create structures and strengthen the existing ones that would provide parent training intervention. Introduction The relationship between a student and his or her parents has been noted to have an influential impact on not only the studen t performance in school but also in his/her life generally. Parenting styles have been...
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...the Parenting Styles on the Behavior of Psychology Students in Centro Escolar University Year 2012-2013 An Undergraduate Research Presented to the Faculty of School of Science and Technology In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course Communication Skills 14 (Technical Writing) by: Anne Kristine G. Francisco Kathlene Marie S. Tambo Michelle R. Aranda March 2013 CHAPTER 1 The Problem and Its Background Introduction Parenting is a complex activity that includes many specific behaviors that work individually and together to influence child outcomes. Although specific parenting behaviors, such as spanking or reading aloud, may influence child development, looking at any specific behavior in isolation may be misleading. Many writers have noted that specific parenting practices are less important in predicting child well-being than is the broad pattern of parenting. Most researchers who attempt to describe this broad parental milieu rely on Diana Baumrind’s concept of parenting style. The construct of parenting style is used to capture normal variations in parents’ attempts to control and socialize their children (Baumrind, 1991). Two points are critical in understanding this definition. First, parenting style is meant to describe normal variations in parenting. In other words, the parenting style typology Baumrind developed should not be understood to include deviant parenting, such...
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...RUNNING HEAD: CULTURE AND PARENTING Culture and parenting Introduction Parenting is the first and likely most important mechanism through which culture is reproduced (Cauce, 2008). Every child is born into a certain circumstance and learns through interactions with the surroundings. Parents are generally the first and key people in a child’s life, so it should come as no surprise that parenting has influences on the development of children’s temperament, which later impacts their school performance. This article is going to explore how parenting varies among different ethnic groups including Asian Americans, African American, Latinos, and European Americans. More specifically, what factors should be included when considering the parenting characteristics of a unique ethnic group and what implications might they have for schooling today. Theories Two of the modern theories that are concerned with cultural influences on human development are Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory and Ecological Systems Theory proposed by Urie Bronfenbrenner. First, Vygotsky’s theory defined culture as the values, beliefs, customs, and skills of a social group. His Sociocultural Theory focuses on how culture is transmitted to the next generation. According to Vygotsky, social interaction – in particular, cooperative dialogues with more knowledgeable members of society – is necessary for children to acquire the ways of thinking...
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...abundant amount of child rearing advice that could be found in anything from books to magazines, journals, and public health pamphlets. This surplus of often-contradictory information frequently caused undue parental anxiety and stress. One 1920’s mother who was overwhelmed by all the wisdom confessed, “I just try to do what you say, but I am a nervous wreck just trying to stay calm.” Although parental pressure and anxiety has been seen as a recurrent grievance through every generation, stress levels have progressively increased to what they are now. An analysis of the child rearing advice given in the early part of the 20th century and that of the new millennium revealed the following things: a steady progression from an authoritarian type of discipline to that of a more authoritative type, the emergence of a paternal role in child rearing, the apparent difference in personality traits of adults that were raised under particular parenting methods, and several distinct reasons for the change in the advice being given. Even before the start of the seventeenth century, experts were concerned with how, if even at all, parental love and child rearing practices affected a child’s personality. Prior to the late 1940’s specialists believed that the previous two factors did not directly affect the behavior of the child. Eventually, experts began to see how parental factors actually influence a child’s development. According to Berk (2008), “Parents can foster children’s competence – by building...
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...their offspring. Adopting a proper method requires parents to carefully consider as their decisions will have lifelong effects on children’s growth. Some people say that it is essential to apply harsh discipline to educate children so that they obey rules and stay away from wrongdoings, while others believe that such parenting styles can adversely affect children’s mental development and turn their childhood to unforgettable nightmares. With its drawbacks outweighing benefits, the imposition of iron discipline in raising kids is counterproductive, causes unforgettable sufferings in their memories and negatively affects the whole society. Firstly, it is believed that firm discipline is not an effective way to teach their kids because it only has temporary effects and shows parents’ inability to teach their kids. According to the article “Family Discipline Incidents: An Analysis of Parental Diaries”, “corporal punishment is a failed communication attempt” (Kremer 251-63). It is said that when parents fail to make kids to obey rules, they resort to physical punishments to stop kids from repeating mistakes. However, have parents who implement tough teaching styles ever thought of the possible consequences of their actions? Do kids truly learn something under the control of rod or harsh scolding from their parents? There is a high probability that so scared are children that they are not able to realize their problematic actions, let alone drawing any lesson from these mistakes...
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...a Parenting Styles Questionnaire- Analysis QUESTIONS: | | | |Questions |Percent Response | |What is your age? |15-6.7% were of this age | | |16-93.3% were of this age | |What is your gender? |Male:47% | | |Female:53% | |Which of the following best describes your religious |Muslim:60% | |affiliation? |Hindu:16.7% | | |Christian-Catholic:3.3% | | |Christian-Other:6.7% | | |Atheist/Agnostic:3.3% | | |Buddhist:3.3% | | ...
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...English 1001- Rhetorical Analysis Essay: You Deserved Rejection! Or At Least Your Essay Did… In the article, “To (All) the Colleges That Rejected Me”, Suzy Lee Weiss addresses a multitude of reasons why she believed herself along with others were not accepted into various colleges. Published on March 29, 2013, it is one of many articles Weiss has contributed to The Wall Street Journal. The Wall Street Journal viewed at wsj.com is a business focused, English language international newspaper based in New York City where her article is placed under the commentary. It is clear from the essay that being rejected from her dream school was her kairos event that prompted and gave her the motivation for this writing that is important to her. Weiss--a senior at Taylor Allderdice High School in Pittsburgh—has written this among many other articles posted in the NY Daily News and others. Presenting her thesis early in her article, Weiss creates a foundation for the six arguments she establishes in defense for her claim that colleges lied to her; however, due to her lack of specific examples, statistics, and false claims, she fails to support her argument sufficiently. In her article, Weiss strengthens her ethos and logos drawing in on her very own feelings and thoughts for the varied audience of wsj.com. With her supporting evidence, she entreats the viewers to realize the devastation caused by Ivy League colleges telling applicants to “Just be yourself”. She goes on to claim this...
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...INDEX 1. Tables p. 2-6 2.1. Table 1: Biographical Information of Parents p.2 2.2. Table 2: Biographical Information of Children p.2 2.3. Table 3: Authoritative child-rearing style p.2 2.4. Table 4: Authoritarian child-rearing style p.3 2.5. Table 5: Permissive child-rearing style p.3 2.6. Table 6: Uninvolved child-rearing style p.4 2.7. Table 7: Kind of prosocial behaviour: Empathy p.4 2.8. Table 8: Kind of prosocial behaviour: Awareness of p.4 wrong-doing 2.9. Table 9: Kind of prosocial behaviour: Cooperation p.5 1.10 Table 10: Kind of prosocial behaviour: Helping p.5 behaviour 1.11 Table 11: Kind of prosocial behaviour: Awareness p.5 of someone else’s problem 1.12 Table 12: Kind of prosocial behaviour: Accommodating p.6 others 1.13 Table 13: Total scores for prosocial behaviour p.6 1.14 Table 14: Total scores for child-rearing styles and p.6 prosocial behaviour 2. Question one: Report p.7 3. References p.8 Table 1 Research participant | Age | Gender | Ethnic group | Marital status | Working or stay-at-home-parent | Average time spend with child per week | Number of children | 1 | 29 | Female | White | Married | Stay-at-home | 40 Hours | one | 2 | 36 | Female...
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...Sydney L. Guy Dr. Chabot November 10, 2013 English 1302.T.11 Parenting Styles Every day persons engage in others who have been conveyed up in different dwellings than they have been raised in. The new people they meet converse, proceed, and respond differently than what that individual may anticipate. These outsiders act this way, not by alternative, but by the way they were raised. Parents around the world have numerous distinct ways and traditions that they bring their young kids up in that these parents believe will arrange their children for the genuine world. There are three different kinds of parenting methods that are prevalent in this generation. Authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative parenting methods each have distinct characteristics and effect the way their young kids grow up and evolve and are classified accordingly in the society today. “Old-fashioned rules help your children understand where they stand, what they are allowed to do, and what is expected of them. Unlike permissive parents who always want to be liked, authoritarian parents expect to be respected” (Llyod). Authoritarian parenting is dictatorial, unjust, and rough. With obedience being the first priority, authoritarian parents are strict with their children. These parents do not display much warmth or nurture towards their children and are inclined to be requiring yet not responsive.”These parents support one-sided communication where they establish rules without explanation and expect them...
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