...Influence of Parenting Styles on Junior Secondary School Students' Performance in Social Studies in ilorin Emirate AbdulRaheem Yusuf, Ayorinde Samuel Agbonna and Hamdalat Taiwo Yusuf Department of Arts and Social Sciences Education, University of llorin, llorin Abstract The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of parenting styles on junior secondary school students' performance in social studies in llorin Emirate, Nigeria. The study used questionnaire and Proforma to collect data on parenting styles and students' performance. The data on junior school certificate and parenting styles were analyzed using frequency count, percentages and chi- square to answer the research questions and test the hypotheses raised in the study. The results showed that the parenting styles adopted had influence on the performance of the students. In addition, it was observed that students from authoritative parenting had better performance than students from other parenting styles. It was recommended among others that parents should adopt authoritative parenting style to enhance optimal performance of the students. In addition, the school should create structures and strengthen the existing ones that would provide parent training intervention. Introduction The relationship between a student and his or her parents has been noted to have an influential impact on not only the studen t performance in school but also in his/her life generally. Parenting styles have been...
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...Parenting Style and the Psychological Wellbeing in Young Adults Name: Course Instructor: Abstract This study examines the effects of opinion of parenting styles; (I will use PS to denote Parenting Styles) on the psychosocial success; (I will use PSS to denote psychosocial success) of emerging adults; (I will use EAs to denote emerging Adults). PSS was described as the successful resolution of the responsibilities hypothesized by Erikson’s juncture theory of psychosocial advancements (Erikson, 1975). The procedures of Psychosocial Development founded on Erikson’s hypothesis; (Hawley, 1988), the PAQ or Parental Authority Questionnaire (Buri 1991), coupled with the Internal-External level of Rotter (1966) were fulfilled by 334 undergraduates (ages 18-25). Examination revealed relations between • Authoritative style of parenting and PSS. • Maternal authoritative upbringing and internal Rotter’s hypothesis. • External Rotter’s hypothesis and maternal permissive and totalitarian PS. The link between paternal PS and PSS was also restrained by Rotter’s hypothesis. EAs’ PSS may be influenced both directly by their acuity of the PS they stumble upon earlier in life and circuitously through assumptions which may also be inclined by apparent PS. Introduction Arnett (2000) has recommended that the period of life spanning from age 18 to 25 be regarded as a distinctive life stage termed as Emerging Adulthood or Young Adulthood....
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... PROPOSED TOPIC: THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTING STYLES ON ASSERTIVENESS NAME: ABDALLAH MUNIRA INDEX NUMBER: 10272035 SUPERVISOR: DR ADOTEY ANUM CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY As we grow up, we learn to adapt our behavior to accommodate the norms of our societies. We model ourselves upon those around us, example parents, teachers, peers and other influences such as television and magazines. In the early years of a child’s life, parents are the most influential people until his teen years where peers replace parents. Children therefore model themselves to conform to the norms of their parents. Example in a typical Ghanaian society, it is a norm for children to obey their elders without challenging their opinions and judgments regardless of the situation. Internalizing these norms reflect in aspects of the child’s personality such as his self-concept and assertive skills, a norm like not expressing your opinions, feelings and beliefs openly and honestly is likely to hinder assertiveness in an individual. This study investigated the effects of parenting styles on assertiveness. Assertiveness is the act of expressing genuine feelings, standing up for your legitimate rights and refusing unreasonable requests. It is the simple act of...
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...the Parenting Styles on the Behavior of Psychology Students in Centro Escolar University Year 2012-2013 An Undergraduate Research Presented to the Faculty of School of Science and Technology In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course Communication Skills 14 (Technical Writing) by: Anne Kristine G. Francisco Kathlene Marie S. Tambo Michelle R. Aranda March 2013 CHAPTER 1 The Problem and Its Background Introduction Parenting is a complex activity that includes many specific behaviors that work individually and together to influence child outcomes. Although specific parenting behaviors, such as spanking or reading aloud, may influence child development, looking at any specific behavior in isolation may be misleading. Many writers have noted that specific parenting practices are less important in predicting child well-being than is the broad pattern of parenting. Most researchers who attempt to describe this broad parental milieu rely on Diana Baumrind’s concept of parenting style. The construct of parenting style is used to capture normal variations in parents’ attempts to control and socialize their children (Baumrind, 1991). Two points are critical in understanding this definition. First, parenting style is meant to describe normal variations in parenting. In other words, the parenting style typology Baumrind developed should not be understood to include deviant parenting, such...
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...personalities than one another. Despite these challenges, researchers have uncovered convincing links between parenting styles and the effects these styles have on children. During the early 1960s, psychologist Diana Baumrind conducted a study on more than 100 preschool-age children (Baumrind, 1967). Using naturalistic observation, parental interviews and other research methods, she identified four important dimensions of parenting: * Disciplinary strategies * Warmth and nurturance * Communication styles * Expectations of maturity and control Based on these dimensions, Baumrind suggested that the majority of parents display one of three different parenting styles. Further research by also suggested the addition of a fourth parenting style (Maccoby & Martin, 1983). The Four Parenting Styles 1. Authoritarian Parenting In this style of parenting, children are expected to follow the strict rules established by the parents. Failure to follow such rules usually results in punishment. Authoritarian parents fail to explain the reasoning behind these rules. If asked to explain, the parent might simply reply, "Because I said so." These parents have high demands, but are not responsive to their children. According to Baumrind, these parents "are obedience- and status-oriented, and expect their orders to be obeyed without explanation" (1991). 2. Authoritative Parenting Like...
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...Chapter 2 Early Childhood Development Theories Abstract Developmental theories are useful towards understanding how children learn and grow, and by what means their trajectories can be supported. Most theorists agree that both biology and experience are key factors that shape developmental outcomes. Risk and protective factors are said to contribute to development and often can be modified through intervention efforts. The prevention model emphasizes a foundation of supports and services aimed to foster healthy development. Keywords Secure base behavior • Emotional regulation • Egocentric • Accommodation • Assimilation • Equilibrium • Zone of proximal development • Positive reinforcement • Negative reinforcement • Punishment • Parenting styles • Modeling • Ecological theory • Risk and protective factors • Prevention model Theories of development provide a framework for thinking about human growth, development, and learning. If you have ever wondered about what motivates human thought and behavior or how personalities form, understanding these theories can provide useful insight into both the individual and societal influences on early development. The next section will briefly review the major developmental theories that help to explain how development unfolds, sources of vulnerability and protection that influence child development, and how the course of development may be altered by prevention and intervention efforts. Understanding factors which may support or...
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...Everyone has there own way of parenting. One will always agree or disagree with the way someone handles their children or child. I see it as social media, because despite whether it's negative or positive you are judging. When it comes to parenting styles, I immediately think of the two A's which is authoritative and authoritarian. When a parent is using the parenting style authoritarian, they are basically being firm and strict, but when it come to being authoritative I see it as being relaxed and being able to trust your child. Those are the two main parenting styles that are constantly talked about. For this assignment, I will go into depth about two other parenting styles. The neglectful and the permissive style of parenting. Both parenting...
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...abundant amount of child rearing advice that could be found in anything from books to magazines, journals, and public health pamphlets. This surplus of often-contradictory information frequently caused undue parental anxiety and stress. One 1920’s mother who was overwhelmed by all the wisdom confessed, “I just try to do what you say, but I am a nervous wreck just trying to stay calm.” Although parental pressure and anxiety has been seen as a recurrent grievance through every generation, stress levels have progressively increased to what they are now. An analysis of the child rearing advice given in the early part of the 20th century and that of the new millennium revealed the following things: a steady progression from an authoritarian type of discipline to that of a more authoritative type, the emergence of a paternal role in child rearing, the apparent difference in personality traits of adults that were raised under particular parenting methods, and several distinct reasons for the change in the advice being given. Even before the start of the seventeenth century, experts were concerned with how, if even at all, parental love and child rearing practices affected a child’s personality. Prior to the late 1940’s specialists believed that the previous two factors did not directly affect the behavior of the child. Eventually, experts began to see how parental factors actually influence a child’s development. According to Berk (2008), “Parents can foster children’s competence – by building...
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...RUNNING HEAD: CULTURE AND PARENTING Culture and parenting Introduction Parenting is the first and likely most important mechanism through which culture is reproduced (Cauce, 2008). Every child is born into a certain circumstance and learns through interactions with the surroundings. Parents are generally the first and key people in a child’s life, so it should come as no surprise that parenting has influences on the development of children’s temperament, which later impacts their school performance. This article is going to explore how parenting varies among different ethnic groups including Asian Americans, African American, Latinos, and European Americans. More specifically, what factors should be included when considering the parenting characteristics of a unique ethnic group and what implications might they have for schooling today. Theories Two of the modern theories that are concerned with cultural influences on human development are Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory and Ecological Systems Theory proposed by Urie Bronfenbrenner. First, Vygotsky’s theory defined culture as the values, beliefs, customs, and skills of a social group. His Sociocultural Theory focuses on how culture is transmitted to the next generation. According to Vygotsky, social interaction – in particular, cooperative dialogues with more knowledgeable members of society – is necessary for children to acquire the ways of thinking...
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...I’ve always wondered what kind of child I was. Through this self analysis I’ve found out quite a few things about my younger self. As a child I exhibited a secure style of attachment, according to my mother. My separation and reunion isn’t quite binary as I lived in a large family as part of collectivist society. This allowed me to have multiple caregivers whenever I was distressed. My mother specifically recalls a time in which she had to leave and started to cry, however quickly after she saw my cousin pick me up which soothed me. There was an outlier with one of my caregivers, my uncle, Bob. Whenever he would take care of me, I was energetic and excited, as I normally was. When Bob would leave, I would not be soothed as easily and would...
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...INDEX 1. Tables p. 2-6 2.1. Table 1: Biographical Information of Parents p.2 2.2. Table 2: Biographical Information of Children p.2 2.3. Table 3: Authoritative child-rearing style p.2 2.4. Table 4: Authoritarian child-rearing style p.3 2.5. Table 5: Permissive child-rearing style p.3 2.6. Table 6: Uninvolved child-rearing style p.4 2.7. Table 7: Kind of prosocial behaviour: Empathy p.4 2.8. Table 8: Kind of prosocial behaviour: Awareness of p.4 wrong-doing 2.9. Table 9: Kind of prosocial behaviour: Cooperation p.5 1.10 Table 10: Kind of prosocial behaviour: Helping p.5 behaviour 1.11 Table 11: Kind of prosocial behaviour: Awareness p.5 of someone else’s problem 1.12 Table 12: Kind of prosocial behaviour: Accommodating p.6 others 1.13 Table 13: Total scores for prosocial behaviour p.6 1.14 Table 14: Total scores for child-rearing styles and p.6 prosocial behaviour 2. Question one: Report p.7 3. References p.8 Table 1 Research participant | Age | Gender | Ethnic group | Marital status | Working or stay-at-home-parent | Average time spend with child per week | Number of children | 1 | 29 | Female | White | Married | Stay-at-home | 40 Hours | one | 2 | 36 | Female...
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...researchers have found that these children have a more difficult temperament as they grow into toddlers and young children. One study has shown that if the mother was depressed while she was pregnant, her 18-year-old child is more likely to suffer from depression, too, after allowing for many possible confounding factors, including postnatal depression. Researchers have to figure out a way to reduce stress and depression in woman while pregnant so they won't pass it on to their children. Annotated Bibliography: Late Childhood 3 McHale, S. M., Kim, J., Dotterer, A. M., Crouter, A. C., & Booth, A. (2009). The Development of Gendered Interests and Personality Qualities From Middle Childhood Through Adolescence: A Biosocial Analysis. Child Development, 80(2), 482-495. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01273.x This study charted the development of gendered personality qualities and activity interests from age 7 to age 19. And gender development, and tested whether changes in testosterone moderated links between time use and gender development.The first goal of this study was to chart the course of gender development in girls and boys across middle childhood and adolescence in two key domains: gendered personality qualities, specifically, stereotypically feminine, expressive qualities such as sensitivity and kindness. Gender is central in human development. Whether ‘‘it’s a girl’’ or ‘‘it’s a boy’’ is a topic of interest for parents-to-be, and an increasing body of work evidences...
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...my passion is. Despite the numerous papers, multitudes of exams, tremendous amount of course work, and athletics I believe I have done well. One of the many demanding classes this semester was English 101. In this rigorous course, students were asked to gain rhetorical knowledge, engage in critical writing, perform research writing, and improve their style and grammar. These goals are closely related to those of the WPA Outcomes published by the Council of Writing Program Administrators. The WPA...
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...their offspring. Adopting a proper method requires parents to carefully consider as their decisions will have lifelong effects on children’s growth. Some people say that it is essential to apply harsh discipline to educate children so that they obey rules and stay away from wrongdoings, while others believe that such parenting styles can adversely affect children’s mental development and turn their childhood to unforgettable nightmares. With its drawbacks outweighing benefits, the imposition of iron discipline in raising kids is counterproductive, causes unforgettable sufferings in their memories and negatively affects the whole society. Firstly, it is believed that firm discipline is not an effective way to teach their kids because it only has temporary effects and shows parents’ inability to teach their kids. According to the article “Family Discipline Incidents: An Analysis of Parental Diaries”, “corporal punishment is a failed communication attempt” (Kremer 251-63). It is said that when parents fail to make kids to obey rules, they resort to physical punishments to stop kids from repeating mistakes. However, have parents who implement tough teaching styles ever thought of the possible consequences of their actions? Do kids truly learn something under the control of rod or harsh scolding from their parents? There is a high probability that so scared are children that they are not able to realize their problematic actions, let alone drawing any lesson from these mistakes...
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...other types of physical punishment do some parents use? Dr. Kazdin: The task is to help children change their behavior, and physical punishment is not needed to accomplish that. Developing positive opposite behaviors, i.e., the desired behaviors that the parent wants, is much more effective. Gershoff reports that Straus and Stewart (1999) found that 94% of American parents spank their children by the ages of 3 or 4. Primarily they spank children up to age 5, one to two times per month. Gershoff notes too that the US Department of Health and Human Services (2001) indicated that 13 of every 1000 children are abused or neglected. Thinking that spanking leads to abuse, Gershoff investigated the effectiveness of spanking by conducting a meta-analysis. Holden, Baumrind, and Parke respond to her article, and she replies. However, attitudes in many countries changed in the 1950s and 60s following the publication by pediatrician Benjamin McLane Spockof Baby and Child Care in 1946, which advised parents to treat children as individuals, whereas the previous conventional wisdom had been that child rearing should focus on building discipline, and that, e.g., babies should not be "spoiled" by picking them up when they cried. The change in attitude was followed by legislation. Since July 1979, 34 countries around the world (at 2013) have outlawed domestic corporal...
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