...Theory, Research, Practice and Policy (2011) Marian Reiff, Dorothy, M. Castille, KristinaMuenzenmaier, & Bruce Link Topic of the study: Childhood Abuse and the Content of Adult Psychotic Symptom Fathimath Shafa (3249) Abnormal Psychology -PSYCHOLOGY 4501 Missouri University of Science and Technology Dr. Mojgan Shadbash Psy.D., Clinical Psychology, Germany 1. Introduction Childhood sexual abuse and childhood physical abuse have been regarded as to cause psychotic symptoms or schizophrenia. The symptoms of previous trauma starts to display in adulthood. This particular research explores the connection between childhood abuse and the content of adult psychotic symptoms. The researcher managed to explain this relationship in multiple pathways despite the complexity of the body. About 54% of the schizophrenic patients reported having sexually abused during childhood and it is important to know how the psychotic symptoms might be related to early traumatic events considering the high prevalence rate. This research accommodates some of the other researches done on this area, in one of the research, they have mentioned specific approaches that were used to investigate the association between psychotic symptoms and the two subjects. Psychotic symptoms have been linked to range of severe experiences of childhood sexual abuse such ass malevolence, sexual themes, and olfactory sensations. Moreover, it contains subordinate relationships. This research further investigates...
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...Abstract: This is a case study regarding the effects of chronic alcohol abuse in Patient F43, F referring to the patient’s gender as Female; 43 referring to the age of the patient. Patient F43’s problems with alcohol are further complicated by anorexia nervosa, depression, and bipolar disorder, all of which were known to exist before any problems associated with drinking had developed. As a result of chronic alcohol abuse, Patient F43 is exhibiting signs of alcohol dementia and Korsakoff Syndrome, a brain disorder associated with the thiamine deficiency as a result of long-term heavy drinking. A reliance on primary and secondary evidence from renowned medical and psychological sources will be implemented to direct and assist the patient in understanding her condition as well as steps which should be taken in order to alleviate the symptoms experienced as a result of chronic drinking and nutrient deficiencies. This case study provides a critical review of the effects of alcoholism as traditionally defined within the medical or "disease" model of alcoholism. A detailed case study of memory deficiency is presented. The sequence of events in this case study is used to illustrate the possibilities of side effects of chronic alcohol abuse, namely Korsakoff syndrome. Highlights of the medical model of Korsakoff syndrome are then presented, with particular attention devoted to the key concepts of anterograde and retrograde amnesia. Lastly, suggestions for treatment and prevention...
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...Crimes against the elderly in socially organized and disorganized communities Table of Contents Introduction 4 Defining Elderly Abuse 7 Traditional Societies 8 The length of the problem 9 Institutional Settings 9 Risk factor for Elder Abuse 10 Individual factors 10 Factors of Relationship 11 Factors of Community and Society 12 The result of elder abuse 14 Domestic Settings 14 Treatment in institutions 14 Preventing Elder Abuse 15 Feedback from national level 16 Responses from local people 18 Social Service 19 Health Care 20 Legal Proceeding 21 Campaign to generate public awareness 22 Recommendations 23 Greater Knowledge 23 Causes of the abuse 24 Impact of abuse 24 Evaluating the process 24 Stringent laws 24 Basic Rights for Elders 25 Traditions 25 Other preventive measures 26 Conclusion 27 Reference 28 Introduction The history of elderly abuse is not a very new phenomenon. It can be traced back from a very early age if we flip through the sociological status of yesteryear. However with the passage of time and further defining a goal to reform child abuse and domestic violence, the objective of elderly abuse has also been considered in the agenda. Unlike other form violence, the elderly violence has come into limelight with the progress of public health and criminal justice. The issue of these two forms has paved a way to view, analyse and curb the issue on violence towards senior citizens of a society. This paper...
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...understood, but further studies in methadone maintenance with opioid dependence will prove that methadone maintenance prevents cravings and withdrawal symptoms and helps an addict to maintain their sobriety while trying to overcome their addiction. In this paper the author will discuss the scientific method and several studies that have been conducted on the use of methadone in the treatment of substance abuse. The scientific method is a set of principles and procedures that researchers use to develop questions, collect data and reach conclusions. (Cherry, 2013). In Psychology the goals of the scientific method is to seek and describe behaviors and explain why the behaviors occur. (Cherry, 2013). Researchers also strive to create research that can be used to predict and change human behavior. (Cherry, 2013). The four steps of the scientific method are, (1) forming a testable hypothesis, (2) devising a study and collecting data, (3) examining the data and reaching conclusions and (4) reporting the findings of the study. (Cherry, 2013). All the research articles discussed in this paper used the empirical research method. This type of research is based on experimentation or actual observation; it is conducted to test a hypothesis. The researchers observed and measured the behaviors of the participants using a quantitative research method by collecting data and reporting the data using numbers. (Frankfort-Nachimas, C. & Nachimas, D. 2008). The first study,...
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...Abstract: This is a case study regarding the effects of chronic alcohol abuse in Patient F43, F referring to the patient’s gender as Female; 43 referring to the age of the patient. Patient F43’s problems with alcohol are further complicated by anorexia nervosa, depression, and bipolar disorder, all of which were known to exist before any problems associated with drinking had developed. As a result of chronic alcohol abuse, Patient F43 is exhibiting signs of alcohol dementia and Korsakoff Syndrome, a brain disorder associated with the thiamine deficiency as a result of long-term heavy drinking. A reliance on primary and secondary evidence from renowned medical and psychological sources will be implemented to direct and assist the patient in understanding her condition as well as steps which should be taken in order to alleviate the symptoms experienced as a result of chronic drinking and nutrient deficiencies. This case study provides a critical review of the effects of alcoholism as traditionally defined within the medical or "disease" model of alcoholism. A detailed case study of memory deficiency is presented. The sequence of events in this case study is used to illustrate the possibilities of side effects of chronic alcohol abuse, namely Korsakoff syndrome. Highlights of the medical model of Korsakoff syndrome are then presented, with particular attention devoted to the key concepts of anterograde and retrograde amnesia. Lastly, suggestions for treatment and...
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...psychiatric patients who had been abused growing up would show greater dissociation symptoms than patients who had not been abused growing up. Earlier studies have suggested that a high rate of patients with dissociative issues have a history of adolescence physical or sexual abuse. The study portrayed in this paper was intended to figure out the commonness of dissociative side effects in the populace and to duplicate past studies which inferred that a history of physical and sexual abuse is discovered ordinarily around individuals who are hospitalized for mental or psychiatric issues. The subjects comprised of 98 inpatients (counting just the individuals who finished the study) spanning in age from 18-60 years who were "consecutively admitted to all units of a psychiatric teaching hospital, excluding admissions to the chemical dependency unit" (Chu & Dill, 1990, p. 887). Patients completed three self-report instruments. The Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) was used to measure dissociative symptoms. The Symptom Check List- 90- R was used to assess general psychiatric symptoms. The Life Experiences Questionnaire (LEQ), which makes inquiries about youth trauma, was used to assess the extent of adolescent physical and sexual abuse. Diagnoses, presenting symptoms, and treatment history information were likewise acquired for each subject. A relationship was then directed to search for relationships between history of misuse and levels of separation. This study, hence joins...
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...slapped on with tons of side effects. The positive almost gets buried underneath a fog surrounding anything medicine related. Antidepressants often have backlashes such as inducing suicidal thoughts, but through careful monitoring of the treatment, it can be prevented. Often times, antidepressants have negative effects at first because the patient's brain and body are not used to it, but afterwards the effects subside and the patient feels much better. During these first stages of taking medication, it is crucial for friends, family and the doctor to pay attention to any changes in the patient as well as symptoms of any side...
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...Elder Neglect and Abuse The latter years of a person's life have been called the "golden years" unfortunately the numbers of elders being abused are growing each year. Gray-Vickrey (2001) reports that neglect occurs in 49 percent of substantiated elder abuse cases, emotional abuse is found in 35 percent of cases, financial abuse is found in 30 percent of cases, and physical abuse or use of physical force is found in 25 percent of cases. The U.S. Department of Justice estimates more than half a million of our nation’s elders are mistreated each year, of course the numbers may be three times higher since few cases of abuse are reported or investigated (Axmaker, 2003). Experts estimate the number of older adults who are mistreated annually at more than two million (Swagerty, 1999, p.2804). A U.S. National Elder Abuse Incidence Study confirmed that reported elder abuse cases are only the "tip of the iceberg" (National Center on Elder Abuse, 2003). The study also shown that two-thirds of the offenders were adult children or spouses. Additionally, elders are being abused in nursing homes, hospitals, or other institutions; in one study, 36 percent of nursing home staff stated that they had witnessed at least one physical abuse incident with an elderly patient (Nelson, 2002). Clearly, elder mistreatment or abuse of the elderly is a growing social occurrence. Unfortunately, our elder population is considered to be easy targets because they are perceived to be fragile and defenseless...
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...beyond their capacity to control it, regardless of all rules of common sense. According to Alcoholics Anonymous UK, who say they have no unique definition for alcoholism, it may be described as a physical compulsion, together with a mental obsession. Apart from having an enormous craving for alcohol, an alcoholic often yields to that craving at the worst possible times. The alcoholic knows neither when nor how to stop drinking. Definition - an alcoholic is a person, while alcoholism is the illness. An alcoholic suffers from alcoholism. Alcoholism is a long-term (chronic) disease. Alcoholics are obsessed with alcohol and cannot control how much they consume, even if it is causing serious problems at home, work, and financially. Alcohol abuse generally refers to people who do not display the characteristics of alcoholism, but still have a problem with it - they are not as dependent on alcohol as an alcoholic is; they have not yet completely lost their control over its consumption. Moderate alcohol consumption will not generally cause any psychological or physical harm. However, for some individuals, social drinking eventually leads to heavier and heavier alcohol consumption, which does cause serious health and psychological problems. Alcoholism in the UK - one in every 13 people in the United Kingdom is an alcoholic, according to the NHS (National Health Service) statistics. Even among people who are not dependent on alcohol, a sizeable proportion drinks too much. In...
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...A risk means that there is a chance of hazard. It can be low, medium, high or it can be lead to serious body harm. In health and social care, vulnerable individuals using the services are at risk of harm, abuse, exploitation, injury, suicide, violence, aggression and potentially more. It is therefore the responsibility of health care workers to continuously assess risks and to minimise the risk. In health care settings, individuals with learning disability, mental health issues, dementia, visual or hearing impairment and stroke are among those who are at a relatively greater risk of harm, abuse, exploitation or hazard as they may be unable to resist or...
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...females, prevalence estimates within clinical settings have varied from 3 percent to 30 percent, depending on predominant characteristics of the sampled population” (DSM-IV-TR). Although higher prevalence rates occur with substance abusers, people admitted with a substance related disorder cannot be diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder unless the signs of it were present as a child. If the substance abuse also occurred during childhood, then both substance abuse disorder and Antisocial personality disorder should be diagnosed (DSM-IV-TR). A study performed by Catherine F. Lewis, M.D., examined the relationship between violent behavior, substance abuse and dependence in 41 incarcerated women diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder and the prevalence of specific substance abuse. The study showed that out of the 41 women diagnosed with ASPD, more than half of them met the criteria for alcohol dependence (56.1%), most of them (70.1%) had dependence of at least one drug, and (52.6%) had intravenous drug dependency (Catherine F. Lewis, Oct. 2011). This is a study that shows that...
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...clinical protocols because they are said to be stable and reliable components of the practical nursing experience (McEwin & Willis, 2011, p. 47). The observed phenomena may or may not have had research studies associated with them in the past to concretely define them, and therefore the notion of concept development and analysis arose to clarify the meanings of the phenomena encountered in one’s practical setting. McEwin and Ellis define concepts as “terms that refer to phenomena that occur in nature and thought” (McEwin & Willis, 2011, p. 47). Furthermore, concepts can be concrete, nonconcrete, variable, and non-variable in manner and described in words or phrases. Concept analysis is utilized to clarify vague concepts in nursing that may be overused and unclear and also to promote a mutual understanding amongst colleagues (Falan, 2010). For the purpose of this assignment, an article found in the Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences regarding the concept of abuse in healthcare was selected for concept analysis. The aim and objective of the article selected was to analyze the concept of abuse in healthcare and to distinguish it from similar concepts such as, patient satisfaction, medical error, and personality threat (Bruggemann, Wijma, & Swahnberg, 2012). Abuse in health care is said to be “an emerging concept” (Bruggemann et al., 2012, p. 123), and a phenomenon that requires further...
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...to the patient that the environment around them is not real (Berger, 2005). DID patients can experience buildings, walls, sculptures, etc. changing in color, size, and shape. Because of this symptom, individuals with DID my not be able to recognize loved ones and friends. Those symptoms are only a few out of the many. Like stated above there can be a plethora of symptoms that my alert for other disorders, but in fact, are symptoms of DID. Even with all of these symptoms it is possible to seek treatment. Something also believed to be a myth that treatment did not help or it made it worse (Tartakovsky, 2013). This is in fact false, there are treatment options available to help treat DID patients. Treatment today is an option for people with this dissociative disorder. Although, DID is shrouded in mystery, Swartz (2001) states, that most DID treatment consist of hypnosis and psychotherapy. Therapists that treat these individuals try to make contact with many of the different alters. This helps the therapist to understand each alters role and function in the life of the...
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...Ethics in a Hospital Setting Darlene V Nickerson Columbia Southern University Abstract Business ethics in a hospital setting includes a review of many areas. Ethical considerations include the areas of patient care, nursing ethics, physician ethics, patient privacy, and medical billing practices. This paper will touch on ethical concerns for each of these topics. Keywords: hospitals, ethics, patient care, nursing, physicians Business Ethics in a Hospital Setting When beginning a discussion of business ethics in a hospital setting it is important to take a broad approach. Because a hospital is a business and also a treatment facility, the ethical concerns must be considered not only for areas such as billing and privacy but also for ethics related to the appropriate care of patients, nursing ethics, and physician ethics. The ethics of the treatment methods employed based on the patient’s condition must also be considered. Ethics and Patient Care I believe that when discussing the ethical implications of patient care it is helpful to review a real-world scenario. One highly publicized case involved Terri Schiavo and her husband’s fight to stop her tube feedings as there was no hope for her recovery (VandeKieft, 2005). One reason for the high visibility of this case in the media occurred because the patient's husband and the patient's family disagreed on the diagnosis (VandeKieft, 2005). Terri suffered a cardiac arrest due to severe hypokalemia (low potassium levels)...
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...comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, and the treatment used to reduce and eliminate symptoms may have a baring on the “correct” classification. Kleptomania, listed in the DSM-IV as an impulse control disorder not elsewhere classified, is a psychiatric condition still poorly understood and subject of only a few systematic studies (Presta, Marazziti, Dell‘Osso, Pfanner, Pallanti, & Cassano, 2002). Kleptomania is characterized by the persistent impossibility to resist the drive to steal objects. Kleptomania should be distinguished from shoplifting, in which the action is usually well-planned and motivated by need or monetary gain. Often a kleptomaniac steals things he or she could have easily bought or things that are not expensive. The objects stolen are not stolen for their immediate utility or monetary value; on the contrary, the person will most likely discard them, give them away, or collect them. This behavior is usually associated with a sense of satisfaction during and immediately after its accomplished. Stealing is not done to express anger or vengeance nor is it a response to delirium or hallucination (Cardoso, 1997). Most patients with this disorder seem to be women; their mean age is about 36 and their mean duration of illness is roughly 16 years. Some individuals report the onset of kleptomania as early as age five,...
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