...Lab 2: The Density of Pennies Brennan Woodward Lab partner: Stephen Akinniranye Section 22 September 15, 2014 Brennan Woodward 15 September 2014 Section 22 Experiment 2: Density of Pennies Introduction The composition of the penny has gone through several changes throughout its life, having 6 composition changes. The penny was composed of pure copper when it was started but due to rising prices of copper it was moving to a cheaper composition. As time went by the composition transitioned away from pure copper into mixtures of copper and other metals, or an alloy. From the years 1837 to 1962 the composition underwent an alternation from a bronze metal to copper and zinc alloy1. After tin’s removal and somewhere in the time range of 1962 to the present time, the penny’s metal alloy changed to a 95% copper and 5% a second metal. The present composition of the penny is 2.5% copper and 97.5% of the second metal. The purpose of the lab was to explore the physical properties of matter through density and to find the identity of the second unknown metal. Density is an intensive physical property that can be used to determine an unknown substance, where the amount of the substance does not affect the density. Even though two objects may...
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...in a Penny? Determination of the Amount of Copper in a Penny Abstract: Introduction: Prior to 1982, pennies consisted of 95% copper. That year, Congress changed the amount of copper in pennies to 2.5% copper by mass. Both the copper and zinc in pennies can be separated out according to the reactions: Cu(s) + 4HNO3(aq) + 2H2O(l) → Cu(H2O)42+(aq) + 2NO2(g) + 2NO3-(aq) Zn(s) + 4HNO3(aq) + 2H2O(l) → Zn(H2O)42+(aq) + 2NO2(g) + 2NO3-(aq) These reactions produce the complex ions of Cu and Zn: Cu(H2O)42+ and Zn(H2O)42+. Complex ions are made of a central atom covalently bonded to two or more anions or molecules called ligands. Ammonia can be replace the water...
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...Blooming Clothing .193 Case 11.3 Blooming Clothing A bumpy path to exports It was nine o'clock on a misty Irish morning in February 1995. Martha O'Byrne cycled down the narrow avenue to the clothing factory of which she was managing director and the main shareholder. Wheeling her bicycle into her small office, she wondered if Janet Evans had called yet. Janet, the chief buyer with the Mothercare chain of stores in the UK, had promised to phone her that morning, to let her know if she would be placing a further order with her company. Listening to the messages on her answering machine, Martha remembered the path that she had taken to establish her own enterprise. Blooming Clothing, the small company that Martha O'Byme owns and manages, is situated in the Liberties, an aid and historic part of Dublin, Ireland. Established in 1985, the firm employs 80 people manufacturing maternity wear for the Irish and export markets. Martha O'Byrne had come to this business by an unusual route. Having established herself as a successful merchant banker, she had been considering setting up her own business for same time. 'Women, I think, can have a mid-life crisis at the menopause, but I got mine when I was 28', she recalls. In 1984, a shopping trip with her pregnant sister-in-law revealed that the maternity wear available on the Irish market was dowdy and depressing. In that moment, the idea for Blooming Clothing was conceived. Martha resigned from her position in the investment bank in 1985...
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... You end up having $9.43 but you don’t have the extra Penny to buy all of your items so you have to put back an item to purchase the rest of your food. If only the penny didn’t exist so your total could be rounded down to $9.40 so you could purchase all of your snacks. The United States should ban the use of the Penny because of its high cost to produce, its large space it takes up, and the little amount that it's worth. The first piece of evidence that supports the topic of the U.S. banning the penny comes from source one. “Pennies cost more to make than they are worth, it costs $2.41 to produce the Penny in the U.S.” Pennies are a waste of money to produce and they should be banned from the United States currency. Another reason is that overall the U.S. lost over $60.2 Million dollars in 2011 from producing the Penny, it takes way more money to produce it then it is worth and it needs to stop, and the amount of money being wasted producing the Penny and it is adding up to this day. Therefore,...
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...thought about the kids who benefit from penny drives? If you have then you know how important pennies are. One reason that the penny should stay in use is that the help charities. Also, they keep prices low. But, a lot of people think they’re useless. These reasons prove that the U.S. should keep the penny. One reason that the penny should stay in use in the because they keep prices low. One example is the supporters of the penny point out that if the U.S. stops using the penny cash transactions will have to be rounded up to the nearest nickel. This would make people pay more than what they would have if we have the penny. Also, prices show that if cash sales get rounded up to the nearest nickel, that would cost consumers more than $600,000 a year. According to the “Federal Reserve Bank,” low-income Americans are more likely to pay with cash. They would be hit hard if prices were rounded up to the nearest nickel. This reason is why pennies keep prices low. But, there are other reasons that the U.S. should keep the penny....
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...cities to memorials across the suburbs. Such is the case with our attentive preservation and production of pennies. Although some would argue to simply eliminate such an “obsolete” coin, many more would beg to differ. Contrary to popular belief a single cent resembles and represents much more than mere currency, for it embodies several crucial aspects such as history, legacy, culture, and economic prosperity. Firstly, penny production provides an economic advantage to the state of Tennessee. Those who attack production such as U.S representative Jim Kolbe do not do so out of moral righteousness, rather they act out of ulterior motives., “Kolbe’s home state of Arizona is rich in copper – which makes up a bigger percentage of the larger – denomination coins that might be more heavily used if the penny were discontinued.” (Source A) Banning production of the penny in such example would prove detrimental to Tennessee’s economy, a state which relies on the famous penny. Furthermore, there are a few individuals who seem to have a grudge...
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...The penny debate In the articles ¨Penny wise, or 2.4 cents foolish¨ and ¨The ever changing penny¨ The author of the article ¨Penny wise, or 2.4 cents foolish¨ Develops the opinion/ the POV that People aren't pennies to great use and i know this because the author uses Language to show how he expressed his feelings/ others about pennies. In the text it says,¨Pennies take up to much space on our dresser at home¨. That means that some people think that pennies takes up to much space everywhere you go or wherever its at. This supports that the author is (AGAINST) pennies because the author / people think that we should round up or down so people don't use pennies as money. In the article ¨The ever changing penny¨. The author of the article Develops...
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...For years, there has been a heated debate about the lincoln faced one cent piece that we all know as the penny, and if it should stop being minted. There has been countless arguments about if the penny should stop being minted, people want the penny to stop being minted due to it being heavy and hard to carry, the coin itself not being worth enough, but, the biggest and the most real argument for the penny to stop being produced is this, it costs the U.S. thousands and millions to produce pennies every year, we lose this kind of money every year because it costs more to actually mint the penny than the penny is actually worth. It costs 1.5 cents to create a penny, to quote one of my sources, Penny Wise, or 2.4 Cents Foolish? by Jeff Sommer, it says, “‘From the standpoint of economics, that’s just a total waste of money,’ Mr. Velde says.”....
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...Many people of America want to get rid of the penny as we know it, but most people want to keep the penny for many reasons. Think about it. If we didn’t have the penny, what would happen when you needed one more cent when you are checking out from the grocery store? We should keep the American penny for as long as we can. First off, let’s talk about the charities. Many charities are built on pennies and pennies alone! If we take penny away from our society, most of these foundations will be no more! For example, the epilepsy foundation has a campaign that you can give your spare change to. Do we really want to take these foundations away? Secondly, most if not almost all of our American society believes we should keep the penny for a variety...
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...The United States makes about 80 million pennies a year. Which cost roughly 134 million dollars. Pennies cost way more to make, then they are worth, so what is the purpose of keeping them. Personally I think pennies are a big waste of money and are very useless. When you are shopping or just looking for money you never look for pennies usually you don't even have them because you often throw them away or you tell the cashier to keep the change. This is because you do not want to deal with them. Pennies end of on the ground or making holes in your pockets eventually. William Safire argues that “pennies disappear because they are literally more trouble than they are worth’’(1). I think this is so accurate, I mean you can not buy anything with...
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...THE POWER OF THE PENNY Only in America, with its epidemic commercialism has consumerism risen to the echelons of the ridiculous and bizarre. Bargain hunting is ubiquitous, seen in its many forms and transmutations: couponing, run deals, clearance blasts. You name it- we are running for it. The constant revolving door of new merchandise in stores being marked down to clearance has resulted into what I call the “Penny Phenomena.” Clearance gets clearanced and an overwhelming push for new inventory created a wormhole straight thru Shopper’s Paradise. Thanks to a beautifully flawed pricing system where merchandise automatically goes through a series of markdowns, all the way down to the lowest decimal known to man- a penny. But c’mon, 1 cent!? Where will that take you? It used to be and always- nowhere. No one in proper headspace would think you can go far with a penny or a bunch of pennies jingling in your pocket. But go ahead, type in #pennyfinds, #pennyhunting, #pennydeals on Instagram and you will be taken to a nether space in the universe full of amazing, whowudathunk deals. The purchasing power of a singular coin has marked the online collective consciousness and “pennyhunters” boast of a ludicrous following on social media. We’re not talking about cheap crap either. $200 designer shoes for a penny! Ding! A Rag & Bone sweater that retails for $350 for a penny? Ding, ding! A Dyson vacuum for $0.01 cents? Ding, ding, ding! Toys, clothes, shoes, jewelry, appliances, home...
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...Benjamin Franklin once famously said ‘a penny saved is a penny earned’, but with changing times a penny saved may now be 1.5 cents wasted. Pennies are the smallest coin now in American circulation, but it may be time to upgrade to the nickel and leave the penny behind. The US government have removed small-denomination coins before, and like France and Britain before us, the penny needs to move the way its half-cent predecessor did. (Source C) Not only do pennies waste taxpayer money but they increase the environmental problem and are nearly useless in everyday life. Virtually nobody carries pennies around in their pocket for payments, unless they have just received some in change from a previous purchase. Oftentimes, we throw them in a penny jar at the counter, valuing not carrying them over owning them. Outside a collector’s scope, pennies are all but...
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...Pennies: Timeless Treasure or Copper Cumber Take a moment and imagine this: one of your parents has asked you to run to the store to grab a carton of milk. You think to yourself, I really want to get back and finish homework so I can go out with friends, but this should not take to long. You get to the store and obtain milk, and finally walk up to the cash register. Then, you notice the line, which is outrageously long. An old lady has dropped her pennies. As she scrambles for her pennies, you think to yourself, This is just great! Pennies have been an indispensable part of the US currency and are a marvelous way to commemorate President Lincoln. However, the penny is useless and only wastes precious time being of such a low value;...
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...the note they will find the challenge: Each player must put on all of the articles in this dryer AT ONCE and have their picture taken. When everyone is finished with the task your team will receive the next clue. DETOUR!! Detour clue card reads:You are on your way to winning this race,Hopefully this detour won’t slow your pace.From two challenges you must choose,Make sure to choose wisely and you can’t lose! | | The challenge details read: Ok players, here are the two challenges, remember you only have to complete one. You also have the option of changing your mind at any point and switching challenges. Here are your options: Option A: Your job is to find a penny marked with the year the birthday girl (or guy) was born. Check anywhere you can. Each of you will be given a quarter to help trade for pennies if you choose this...
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...Pennies can be easily found on the floor, a wallet, or under furniture. Thes are all examples of where you can find a penny. But the problem is pennies still that use or are they just obsolete. The thing is that one of those two things that were mentioned may be true.but the pennies should not be used. Nowadays are pennies still important. The author of “Penny Anti” by John Fund thinks not and it may be true because nowadays not lot of people use pennies they just toss them off or leave them lying around. Nowadays it costs more to make pennies than they really are. Now the government spends $100 million to make pennies each year. This year, the U.S. Mint will churn out 4.3 billion. That is a lot of pennies just so they can be tossed...
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