...PREVENTING INTRAVENOUS SITE INFECTIONS AND Preventing Intravenous Site Infections and Phlebitis Betina McCrosky WGU Evidence-Based Nursing Research WZT Task 1 Dec. 27, 2014 1 PREVENTING INTRAVENOUS SITE INFECTIONS AND Article A 1-2 Uslusoy, E., & Mete, S. (2008). Predisposing factors to phlebitis in patients with peripheral intravenous catheters: a descriptive study. Journal Of The American Academy Of Nurse Practitioners, 20(4), 172-180. doi:10.1111/j.17457599.2008.00305.x Introduction Authors of this investigative review wanted to research the predisposing factors in peripheral intravenous (IV) catheters causing phlebitis. Millions of patients hospitalized in the U.S. each year have had an IV or IVs’. The patients in this study received a variety of IV drugs and IV infusion solutions. Review of Literature Phlebitis rates from previous studies range from 41.8% to 68.8%. These studies also looked into consideration of predisposing factors such as age, gender, immunosuppression, aseptic techniques, medications and high osmolality solutions. The authors found conflicting correlations with age, gender and infusion rates being a cause for phlebitis. Catheter size, length of time it was in place, location (site) and the drugs infused had not been studied. Discussion of Methodology This is a descriptive comparative study. Standard protocol for this hospital: Sites are assessed and cared for with povidone iodine 10% every 24 h....
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...Evidence Based Practice: Aseptic Technique for Peripheral IV Insertion Name: Course: Instructor’s Name Date: Introduction The significance of asepsis in the intravenous IV therapy is integral in the modern patient care because of the increased patients number requiring IV therapy due to changes in patterns of prescription and the today’s illnesses which has acute nature (Bofah et al, 2012). Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation according to Bofah et al (2012), is a procedure in which patent’s skin is punctured with a needle allowing a device to be temporarily inserted into the hand or forearm veins in administering intravenous medications or fluids, although other body sites can be used. It is vital to use intravenous drugs in the management of the patients who are hospitalized. The infections linked to the intravenous therapy may affect the blood stream or the skin around the insertion site of the catheter (Bofah et al, 2012). For this reason, Bofah et al (2012) suggested that general infection control and universal precautions measures need to be taken into considerations when undertaking a clinical procedure. However, specific measures need to be taken into consideration when administering intravenous therapy especially those in the home setting and the vulnerable patients. Kampf et al (2013) conducted an observational intervention study on “Improving Patient Safety during the Insertion of Peripheral Venous Catheters. The aim of the study was to determine...
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...Evidence Based Practice: Aseptic Technique for Peripheral IV Insertion Name: Course: Instructor’s Name Date: Introduction The significance of asepsis in the intravenous IV therapy is integral in the modern patient care because of the increased patients number requiring IV therapy due to changes in patterns of prescription and the today’s illnesses which has acute nature (Bofah et al, 2012). Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation according to Bofah et al (2012), is a procedure in which patent’s skin is punctured with a needle allowing a device to be temporarily inserted into the hand or forearm veins in administering intravenous medications or fluids, although other body sites can be used. It is vital to use intravenous drugs in the management of the patients who are hospitalized. The infections linked to the intravenous therapy may affect the blood stream or the skin around the insertion site of the catheter (Bofah et al, 2012). For this reason, Bofah et al (2012) suggested that general infection control and universal precautions measures need to be taken into considerations when undertaking a clinical procedure. However, specific measures need to be taken into consideration when administering intravenous therapy especially those in the home setting and the vulnerable patients. Kampf et al (2013) conducted an observational intervention study on “Improving Patient Safety during the Insertion of Peripheral Venous Catheters. The aim of the study was to determine the...
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...Termination | Acct.Transfer | 5 Bus Days | Account Transfer requested | GSP.Kronos | 2 Bus Days | GSP Kronos | Hardware.Moves | 5 Bus Days | Hardware PC Moves | HW.Blackberry.New | 5 Bus Days | Phone New Blackberry | HW.Cellphone.New | 5 Bus Days | Phone New Cell Phone | HW.Moves | 5 Bus Days | Hardware Moves | HW.Network.New | 60 Days | Hardware New Network device | HW.PC.New | 5 Bus Days | Hardware New PC | HW.PC.Peripherals | 5 Bus Days | Hardware PC Peripherals | HW.PC.Refresh | 5 Bus Days | Hardware PC Refresh | HW.Phone.New | 5 Bus Days | Phone New Telephone | HW.Printers.New | 5 Bus Days | Hardware New Printer | HW.WirelessCard.New | 5 Bus Days | Wireless Aircards | LEH.Acct.Applications | 2 Bus Days | LEH Account Applications | LEH.Acct.New | 2 Bus Days | LEH Acct New | LEH.Acct.Term | COB | LEH Account Termination | LEH.HW.Blackberry.New | 5 Bus Days | LEH HW Blackberry New | LEH.HW.PC.NEW | 5 Bus Days | LEH PC New | LEH.HW.PC.Peripherals | 5 Bus Days | LEH HW PC Peripherals | LEH.HW.PC.Refresh | 5 Bus Days | LEH Hardware PC Refresh | LEH.HW.Printers.New | 5 Bus Days | LEH HW Printers New | LEH.Sec.Directory.Access | 2 Bus Days | LEH Security | LEH.SW.New | 5 Bus Days | LEH Software New Software | NW.IP.New | 5 Bus Days | New IP scheme | Phone.IM | 2 Bus Days | Account Creation Instant Meeting Card |...
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...Strategy Essay – Week 2 This week’s essay focused on finding a company that seems to be following a ‘parallelism’ strategy and assess whether it is working for them in terms of profit and response to environment. Beinhocker describes Parallelism as having multiple experiments allows you to take risks without ‘betting the farm’. The company I researched is called Grace Manufacturing, they took a radical step in changing their industry and product but a remarkable stroke of luck opened a new market for them and they managed to move and adapt to maximise the opportunity presented to them and taken on board this strategy moving forward. Grace started out in the 1966 as a contract manufacturer of etched steel parts, such as printers. They had developed a proprietary process for making precise steel shapes, which meant the edges of the steel being razor sharp and patented the process. However, sharpness was a liability and workers had to be careful handling the parts. With the emergence of dot matrix printers in the 1980’s, they realised their cash cow business was under threat and so looked into different areas. Grace didn’t take the natural progression to looking at adjacent areas such as dot matrix printers or other high volume complex machine pieces. Instead they realised they were good at making things sharp, so went into woodworking tools and developed the microplane in 1985. Grace had some success with the woodwork tools but in 1995 a new product category opened up for them...
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...Managing the Supply Chain - A Case Study Like many producers of computer peripheral devices, Digitprint Ltd. subcontracted manufacturing of its low-cost, high volume products to firms in China for subsequent shipment to distribution centers in Asia, Europe and North America. Digitprint’s logistics Manager was exploring options to improve both the cost and timeliness of Digitprint’s supply chain for a standard product, a basic laser printer. Moreover, he felt that any improvements for this product line likely could be applied to other product lines. For this printer, the supply chain was quite straightforward. Digitprint routinely had containerized shipments dispatched every two weeks from the subcontractor’s manufacturing plant, with the order size depending on the existing inventory levels in the North American warehouse. Demand for the product averaged 150 cases per week with a standard deviation of approximately 15 cases per week (each case contained one dozen printers and weighs 24 pounds). Because of poor transportation infrastructure in China, export and import customs-related delays and Digitprint’s desire to minimize shipping costs, the printers typically arrived 10 weeks later at the North American distribution center. The total cost of manufacturing was approximately $90 per printer. Senior management had adopted a general guideline of applying an annual carrying charge of 25% to all inventories to reflect shrinkage, obsolescence and opportunity costs....
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...Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Placement, Pediatric A peripheral intravenous (IV) catheter is a small, flexible tube that can be inserted into a vein. Your child may need an IV catheter in order to get fluids, blood, liquid nutrition, or medicine. Your child may also need an IV catheter if he or she needs to: • Have specific tests. • Give multiple blood samples. A peripheral IV catheter is usually placed in a vein in the hand or arm. However, the catheter may also be placed in veins in the scalp, leg, or foot. LET YOUR CHILD'S HEALTH CARE PROVIDER KNOW ABOUT: • Any allergies your child has. • All medicines your child is taking, including vitamins, herbs, eye drops, creams, and over-the-counter medicines. • Previous problems...
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...Peripheral artery disease (PAD) Involves thickening of artery walls, which results in a progessive narrowing of the arteries of the lower extremities. The arteries in the lower extreamites like for exapmle, the popliteal tibila or the peronela ateries are affected. According to Dirksen, S. R., Lewis, S. M., Heitkemper, M. M., Bucher, L., & Lewis, S. M. (2014). "Peripheral artert disease resutls from the deposit of cholesterol and lipids within the vessel wall and leads to progressive narrowing of the artery" Clinical manifestaions may include muscle pain that is caused by exercise and resoleve within 10 minutes of rest. the ischemic pain is a result of the build up of lactic acid from anaerobid metabolism. Diagnosis may include a doppler...
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...Integrative Design and Evaluation Jeanette Boxley American Intercontinental University Online Abstract When it comes to education and the new different type of technology that are available for use in the classroom, we as teachers must stay on top of the materials. Using these types of tools the teacher will be able to give the students the best possible education available for them. But these are only tools and teachers must be able to use them along with instructing the students on what the best way would be for each and every student in their classroom. Integrative Design and Evaluation Educational Technology Statistics Schools in 2003 did not have the computers needed to meet their student’s needs, out of all the schools in the United States the ratio of computers to students looked like this; there were 4 students for every computer. During this time frame there are only about 8% of the schools that would lend out laptops to the student body they had only about 5 computers available to lend out at that time. Also during this time frame about 10% of the public school system had some sort of hand held computer for both the students and the teachers to use during the school day (U.S. Department of Education). Out of all 50 states 48 of these included some type of technology standards in the years 2004-2005. During 2004-2005, out of the 50 states there were about 16 that offered or had some sort of charter school that were operating some type of cyber schooling...
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...animal models, by placement of loose chromic ligatures on the sciatic nerve in rat brought, that brought about behaviour that appeared analogous to human neuropathic pain conditions (Bennett and Xie, 1988). The pathological mechanism behind neuropathic pain is thought to be spontaneous activity in damaged sensory neurones. Chahine et al (2005) found that the release of hyperalgesic pro-inflammatory agents can result in changes in either expression or inappropriate regulation of sensory Nav channels, suggesting that Nav channels have an important rcontribution to neuropathic pain Central neuropathic pain Experienced as a symptom of CNS disorders such as stroke and multiple sclerosis. Peripheral neuropathic pain Experienced as a symptom of disorders associated with peripheral nerve damage such as mechanical injury, diabetic neuropathy, (Usual Treatment) Anti-depressants 1) tricyclic anti-depressants 2) Selective Serotnin re-uptake inhibitors Anti-convulsants Ion channel blockers (anti-dysrythmics) (Structure/function of opiod receptors) Discovered in 1973, confined to nervous tissue (Pert and Synder 1973) Areas of neuronal membrane which opiods bind to resulting in inhibition of the cell. Opiods refers to a substance that produces morphine like effects Four distinct types (Why targeting particular gpcr would be affective) Opiods excite neurons in the periagueductal gray-gate control theory...
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...------------------------------------------------- Unit B: Computer Hardware ATTENTION: Greetings Gentlemen! I am sending you some Review Questions about Unit B in your Computer Concepts Textbook. You will notice that there is a Reference Number (REF) that follows each question. These numbers refer to pages in your textbook where the answer to the question is found. For your End of Term 2 Exam, you will have questions from all of Unit A; however, you will have questions from Unit B primarily up through page 31 which concludes the content regarding Comparing Printers. Thus, you should focus your attention on the questions from Unit B with Reference Numbers from 26 to 31. However, you may find some questions from beyond page 31 because they contain basic information covered in previous objectives. Regards, Mr. Braswell TRUE/FALSE 1. A standard desktop computer uses a mouse as its primary pointing device. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 26-27 2. Trackpad is another word for trackball. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 27 3. A pointing stick is a pointing device that looks like an eraser. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 27 4. A microphone can convert spoken words or sound information into a digital format. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 27 5. A digital camera is not an input device. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 27 6. Most notebook computers use OLED monitors. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 28 7. Typically, the graphics card is built into a...
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...of patients with diabetes. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is found in 12 percent of insulin dependent diabetics and 32 percent of those who are not, equaling approximately 3 million people in the United States. (Chen et al. 2007) The number of patients with other neuropathies, such as autonomic, proximal, and focal, comprises the other 1 million diabetic neuropathy patients, most of whom suffer in pain from the dysfunction of the nervous system. (Chen et al. 2007) This disorder’s elusive nature is such that it can not only present in any part of the body but it can be completely without symptoms that the average patient would report to their physician. Since the patients themselves are less likely to naturally disclose their suffering through their assumption that their symptoms are not relevant to their diabetic condition, the physician’s role in the diagnosis and recognition of this disorder is even more critical. II. Definition and Types of Diabetic Neuropathy The most common type of diabetic neuropathy is peripheral, considered, more generally, sensorimotor. Peripheral neuropathy causes pain or loss of feeling in the toes, feet, legs, hands, and arms. (NIDDKD 2002) Specifically, distal symmetric polyneuropathy is the most common of peripheral types, causing nerve damage away from the center of the nervous system but equally on both sides of the body and in multiple places. Thus, the extremities are most affected. Peripheral neuropathy may cause not only pain...
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...specific patient who are tuberculin reactors or household members of recently diagnosed tuberculars or who are considered to be high risk. | * Contraindicated with allergy to Isoniazid, Isoniazid-associated hepatic injury or other severe adverse reactions to isoniazid, acute hepatic disease. * Use cautiously with renal impairment. | * CNS: peripheral neuropathy, seizures, toxic encephalopathy, optic neuritis and atrophy, memory impairment, toxic psychosis. * GI: nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, bilirubinemia, bilirubinuria, elevated AST, ALT levels, jaundice, hepatitis. * Hematologic: Agranulocytosis, hemolytic or aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, pyridoxine deficiency, pellagra, hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatinemia due to altered vitamin D metabolism. * Hypersensitivity: fever, skin eruptions, lymphadenopathy, vasculitis. * Others: gynecomastia, rheumatic syndrome, SLE syndrome | Assessment * History: allergy to Isoniazid, Isoniazid-associated adverse reactions; acute hepatic disease; renal impairment * Physical: skin color, lesions; orientation, reflexes, peripheral sensitivity, bilateralgrip strength, ophthalmologic examination; adventitious sounds; liver evaluation; CBC, LFTs, renal function tests, blood glucose.Interventions * Give on an empty stomach, 1 hr before or 2 hrs after meals; may be given with food if GI upset occurs. * Give in a single daily dose. Reserve parenteral dose for patients unable...
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...the motherboard, and the only part the user sees is the expansion plate containing multiple ports. An external device plugs into the existing port and then has multiple places to connect. When not part of a computer system, these devices are commonly known as splitters. Port expanders have several different types of ports available on the expander hardware. Below I have listed each type of port, picture of the port and its definition: * Ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies for local area networks. * IEEE 1394 interface is a serial bus interface standard for high-speed communications and isochronous real-time data transfer. * Parallel port is a type of interface found on computers for connecting peripherals. * PS/2 connector is a 6-pin Mini-DIN connector used for connecting some keyboards and mice to a PC compatible computer system. * Serial port is a serial communication physical interface through which information transfers in or out one bit at a time. * Universal Serial Bus (USB) is an industry standard developed in the mid-1990s that defines the cables, connectors and communications protocols used in a bus for connection, communication, and power supply between computers and electronic devices. * Video Graphics Array (VGA) connector is a three-row 15-pin DE-15 connector. The 15-pin VGA connector is found on many video cards, computer monitors, and high definition television sets. * Digital Visual Interface (DVI)...
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... Stereo Line In I. USB Ports J. Firewire 400 Port K. Ethernet Port Image by: (n.d.). Retrieved August 10, 2014, from https://www.google.com/search?q=i/o ports on a computer&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=lirnU7jSDISLyATb1oEY&ved=0CBwQsAQ&biw=1352&bih=634 (n.d.). Retrieved August 10, 2014, from https://www.google.com/search?q=i/o ports on a computer&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=lirnU7jSDISLyATb1oEY&ved=0CBwQsAQ&biw=1352&bih=634#q=memory stick (ms) micro drive (md) compact flash (cf) and secure digital (sd)&tbm=isch Memory Stick - Memory Stick is a removable flash memory card USB 1 - USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. High Definition Audio Ports - generally used to describe audio signals with bandwidth and/or dynamic range greater than that of Compact Disc Digital Audio. Used to plug in microphones or headphones. USB 3.4 - Version of the Universal Serial Bus (USB) standard for computer connectivity. SATA Ports is a computer bus interface that connects host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives and optical drives. The IEEE 1394 interface is a serial bus interface standard for high-speed communications. T Flash Memory Card ...
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