...PA theoretical exploration, both of the philosophy underpinning the Person-Centred Approach and of ‘the Approach in action in a psychotherapeutic context. Introduction Carl Rogers (1902 – 1987) is the pioneer of Person-Centred therapy. In this essay, I will discuss the approach, which revolved over 70 years of his life. His necessary and sufficient conditions which he said was all that was needed to self-actualize and become a fully functioning person. I will also talk about contributions from others and expansion of his theory and lastly, I will discuss the limitations of person-centred approach that may result in ineffective therapy. Philosophy of person-centred approach Carl Rogers developed person-centred therapy in the 1940s. He wanted to move away from therapist reliant to a therapeutic relationship where he had a more humanistic philosophy which is captured nicely by the metaphor of “how an acorn, if provided with the appropriate conditions will “automatically” grow in positive ways, pushed naturally towards its actualization as an oak.” Rogers was born in Illinois to a very strict religions family. He originally studied agriculture, then theology and finally psychology. Rogers approach was developed over four periods. The first being in the 1940s which saw the birth of “non-directive counselling”. Rogers became the leading figure in the third force of psychology known as the Humanistic psychology movement. His philosophy was that people are essentially...
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...home, and, if necessary, the individual’s doctor and advocate. I would also make a record of this, which I would sign and date.’ COMMENTARY FOR EVIDENCE FOR ACs 3.1 and 3.3 • Assessment Method: The assessor has used a clear open question with this learner ‘Tell me about…’ this encourages the learner to think about the importance of establishing consent when providing care or support and what steps to take if consent cannot readily be established. The assessment method is valid as it measures the learner’s understanding and knowledge of establishing consent when providing care or support • Quality of Evidence: The learner’s response is of a good quality because the learner reflects well own understanding of the importance of establishing consent: ‘…so as to include that individual with any decision-making, in order to ensure that they do not feel left out, ignored; in this way they can understand and agree to that element of their care or support…’ The learner also then explain the series of steps to take if consent cannot be readily established: ‘I would discuss the problem, that consent cannot be established, with the supervisor or manager of the home, and, if necessary, the individual’s doctor and advocate. I would also make a record of this, which I would sign and date’. • Breadth of Evidence: The learner has included a detailed explanation of how to establish consent when providing care or support. The learner’s evidence meets AC3.1 and 3.3 fully in terms of...
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...Carlow with their Person Centred Planning (PCP) approach to client care? ➢ What is the attitude of RehabCare to the concept of empowerment, and how does it fit into the implementation of the PCP process in RehabCare, Carlow? ➢ To what extent does PCP at RehabCare contribute to the underlying goal of greater social inclusion? CONTENTS TITLE PAGE……………………………………… P 1 CONTENTS PAGE………………………………... P2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………….. P3 INTRODUCTION………………………………….. P4 LITERATURE REVIEW………………………….. P5 METHODOLOGY…………………………………. P11 FINDINGS………………………………………….. P13 ANALYSIS…………………………………………. P16 CONCLUSION…………………………………….. P18 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………….. P20 APPENDIX (Interview Transcript)……………….. P22 THE END……………………………………………. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to take this opportunity to thank the management at RehabCare in Carlow, for being so helpful and informative. I would also like to thank the lecturer of this course, Ruth Casey, for all of her input and advice. Introduction Hereafter, I will discuss my participation in this endeavour in the third person, as the “researcher”. The researcher’s choice was to conduct a study of RehabCare in Carlow; and through the process of investigation in this organisation, an attempt was made to answer one main question, and two related sub-questions. Main Question: • How successful is RehabCare in Carlow with their Person Centred Planning (PCP) approach to client care...
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...Systematic Approach to Care through Effective Person-Centred Care Planning. The NHS places a strong emphasis on delivering person-centred care to patients. Patient-centred planning was adopted as national government policy in 2001 via the “Valuing People” paper and more recently as part of the “Valuing People Now” document (DOH,2009). Person-centred planning is now promoted as a key method in delivering the personalisation objectives of the Governments “Putting People First” programme for social care (DOH, 2007). The Coalition continues this commitment towards personalisation of care with its “Capable Communities and Active Citizens” document (DOH, 2010). One key area to ensure that care is delivered in a systematic person-centred way is through effective care planning that involves the patient in the process as a key stake holder. Several systematic models to nursing care are available that will facilitate practitioners in ensuring that all needs of the individual are identified and met. This essay will define what is meant by the term “person centred care”, will explore the systematic nursing models of care delivery and will highlight good practice in constructing person-centred care plans. This will be done using examples of an original care plan (constructed by the author for a real patient whose name has been changed) - and will draw upon information and evidence from a range of contemporary sources. It is appropriate in the context of this essay to firstly define...
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...Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients. Within this essay I will be discussing the advantages and disadvantages of Person- Centred Therapy and to try and establish if a therapist can treat all their clients using just this one method or would a multi-disciplinary approach be more attractive and beneficial for successful therapy. I will look at the origins of Person-Centred Therapy with emphasis taking place on Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. I will also be explaining the fundamental foundations required for this therapy to be seen as person centred. American psychologist, Abraham Maslow (1908 – 1970), a humanistic psychologist believed that every person has a strong desire to realise and reach their own individual potential and to than reach a level of ‘self-actualisation’. Abraham Maslow was best known for creating Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. The theory is based on individuals fulfilling their needs and to move towards ‘self-actualisation’. Abraham Maslow placed much emphasis on focusing on the individual’s positive qualities then treating them or the client being seen as a bag of symptoms. Self-actualisation is the fundamental concept to the Person-Centred Therapy developed my Carl Rogers. Abraham Maslow says all human beings have a tendency to want to move forwards, grow and to reach their full potential. When individuals move towards their true full potential, Maslow suggests this individual...
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...Module 1 Notes In this essay I will define what Person Centred Therapy (PCT) is and I will look at the origins of this therapy with particular reference to Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers and examine the fundamental elements necessary for the therapy to be seen as patient centred. I will compare the benefits and disadvantages of Person-Centred Therapy and try to establish whether a therapist can treat all clients effectively using just the one approach or whether it is more beneficial to the client for the therapist to use a more multi-disciplinary approach. To be able to discuss this subject, it is important to describe first what we mean when discussing PCT. Person-Centred Therapy, also known as client-centred, non-directive, or Rogerian therapy, is an approach to counselling and psychotherapy that places much of the responsibility for the treatment process on the client, with the therapist taking a non-directive role. PCT emphasises person to person relationship between the therapist and client and focuses on the clientâs point of view; through active listening the therapist tries This essay is intended to explore the statement that Person-centered therapy offers therapists all they need to treat clients. In order to do this I intend to further explore the opinions of other individuals practicing and researching counseling therapies. My first thoughts are that if the Person centered approach was sufficient, there might not have been such a great variety of...
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...Describe the factors that help or hinder person-centred care and interprofessional working in relation to a chosen incident. (Word Count 2,993) In this essay a consultation observed during a Primary Care placement will be described, with the aim of defining person centred care in relation to it. To protect confidentiality and in accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Council’s code of conduct (NMC, 2008), the names of persons or places are not referred to. The roles and responsibilities of the professions involved, the importance and difficulties of interprofessional collaboration and the effects of this on person centred care will also be explored. A conclusion will be drawn as to whether the event provided a person centred approach. The observed consultation (Appendix 1) took place in an elderly care clinic held in a hospital outpatient department. Outpatients Clinics are provided by the local NHS Primary Care trust on a regular basis as part of ongoing care for clients. A consultant, a nurse, the client and her carer were present. The client had an appointment to review her ongoing treatment of Parkinson’s disease. A publication to support the National Framework for older people (Department of Health, 2001) regarding the implementation of medicines endorses the monitoring of treatment to ensure the medication remains appropriate and to raise awareness of any adverse effects. The lady was in her eighties, frail and hard of hearing. A carer accompanied her from...
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...PYC4809 Section A 1. Person- centred Psychotherapy Carl Rogers (1920-1987) was one of the most influential pioneers and inspiration behind person-centred psychotherapy. Rogers and his colleagues where innovators that refined the concepts and methods of person-centred therapy and that would later become one of the most influential and controversial of therapeutic approaches. During the 1940’s Rogers developed nondirective counselling. His theory was developed in four stages over the span of his career. This was a new direction of counselling that highlights that the direction and locus of control in therapy were clearly centred in the client, shifting the power to the person seeking help away from the therapist. The client rather than the therapist determined the direction and goals of therapy and the therapist’s role was to help the client clarify feelings. He described his new approach in a speech in 1940, December 11 titled “Newer Concepts in Psychotherapy” as follows: “The aim of this newer therapy is not to solve one particular problem but to assist the individual to grow, so he can cope with the present problem...It relies much more heavily on the individual drive towards growth, health and adjustment...This newer therapy places greater stress on the emotional elements...then on the intellectual aspects....(It) places greater stress upon the immediate situation than upon the therapeutic relationship itself as a growth experience.”(David J. Cain, 2008...
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...will define what Person-Centred Therapy (PCT) is and will look at the origins of this therapy with particular reference to Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers and will examine the fundamental elements necessary for the therapy to be seen as patient centred. I will compare the advantages and disadvantages of Person-Centred Therapy and try to establish whether a therapist can treat all clients effectively using just the one approach or whether it is more beneficial to the client for the therapist to use a more multi-disciplinary approach. To be able to discuss this subject, it is important to describe first what we mean when discussing PCT. Person-Centred Therapy, also known as client-centred, non-directive, or Rogerian therapy, is an approach to counselling and psychotherapy that places much of the responsibility for the treatment process on the client, with the therapist taking a non-directive role. PCT emphasises person to person relationship between the therapist and client and focuses on the client’s point of view; through active listening the therapist tries to understand the client’s present issues and emotions. In PCT the client determines the direction, course, speed and length of the treatment and the therapist helps increase the client’s insight and self-understanding. A person whose name is given to this approach is Carl Ransom Rogers. He was an influential American psychologist, who, along with Abraham Maslow, was the founder of the humanist approach to clinical psychology...
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...Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the Therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients. Contents Introduction Carl Rogers. Background and Influences Theoretical Constructs Strengths and Weaknesses Conclusion Notes References Introduction In this essay I will be discussing the viability of Person-Centred Therapy as an exclusive method of treatment for clients. Without an appreciation of this approach it would be difficult to judge the merits of the claim as laid out in the main essay title. Therefore I will begin with an introduction to Carl Rogers, his background and influences. In this essay I will explore the main theoretical constructs. Following on from this I will look at the advantages of this approach and consider its success in treating psychological disorders. Although Carl Rogers inspired many, he was not without his Critics. Therefore I will include the difficulties and doubts expressed by other Practitioners in order to get an opposing viewpoint. I will end with my evaluation of the claim itself and the reasons why I have arrived at my conclusions. Carl Rogers Background and Influences Carl Rogers was born in Illinois, Chicago, in 1902. His parents were middle-class, respectable and hard-working. His Father was a Civil Engineer and his Mother a stay-at-home housewife. Carl was the fourth child in a family of six children. Rogers’...
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...in a good suburb and Oliver will go to private school. Anna does not have to work and they plan to try for a second child next year. Despite all of the positives in his life, Joel still feels unhappy. He loves his wife and son, but is feeling oppressed by the constant demands of parenthood and feels that is work is suffering because he has to commit more time at home. He enjoys work less than he did and he feels that his relationship with Anna is also suffering as he finds himself wanting to spend more time away from home and is stressed and frustrated with the situation and worries about whether he can really be a good father and husband. He is also disappointed in himself for not being able to have more control over his life.” *** Person centred therapy is based upon the belief that individuals are resourceful and capable of taking...
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...Understand person-centred approaches for care and support Person-centred values individuality; rights; choice; privacy; independence; dignity; respect; partnership; autocracy Person-centred approaches person-centred planning (PCP), particularly in relation to vulnerable individuals, e.g. individuals with learning disabilities, physical disabilities, mental health issues; person-centred thinking skills; total communication; essential lifestyle planning and person-centred reviews; Carl Rogers’ theoretical background to person-centred therapy; the four key principles of rights, independence, choice and inclusion; reflecting the unique circumstances of individuals; embedding person-centred values; the importance of individuality; appreciation of individual rights; enabling individuals to make decisions and choices; the importance of privacy; empowering individuals to maintain independence and dignity; treating individuals with respect; respecting persons’ diversity, culture and values; awareness of risk-taking in person centred approaches, enabling individuals to make informed decisions and understand the consequences e.g. the harmful effects of smoking, the benefits of taking prescribed medication, the advantages of immunisation Care and support documenting where day-to-day requirements and preferences for care and...
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...What is the client centred method? Explain why it is so widely used in the people profession. Corey (1996) identifies the importance of the psychotherapist Carl Rogers work in developing the client centred approach. Rogers, renowned internationally influenced many. He believed that for change to occur in client’s behaviour and thinking there was a great need for a non judgemental approach and an acceptance of the client by the therapist. Firstly Zimring and Raskin (1992) identified that there was different stages of progression in the client centred approach. Rogers (1940) initially named client centred therapy, non directive counselling because it was a contrasting method compared with the directive and traditional psychoanalytical methods. It challenged the main idea of counselling that the therapist should lead the session. Instead his approach was centred on reflection and clarification of the client. Merry and Lusty (1995) express that reflection emphasised the therapist to be listening and understanding the client rather than a passive activity which simply repeated what the client has said. Acceptance of the client’s ideas and feelings was an important influence in this method. According to Zimring and Raskin (1992) The approach was later renamed in the 1950’s as the client centred therapy for a variety of reasons, firstly, the client seemed a larger influence in the therapy rather than the non directive approach. Thorne (1992) looked at how his theory was developed...
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...Person centered and Gestalt Therapy The Gestalt approach to therapy emerged during the 1950’s and was developed by Frederick Perls (1893-1970). The aim of Gestalt therapy is to increase awareness, so that the client comes to resolution of unfinished business and the integration of the thinking, feeling and sensing processes. In Gestalt therapy the emphasis is placed on the present experience, the perception of the individual as a whole and the direct awareness of emotions and action. Gestalt therapists believe that the emotional problems and frustrations that are experienced by individuals are attributed to the lack of recognition and understanding of their own feelings. In addition to this Gestaltist believe that many individuals lose parts of themselves when they are confronted with the overpowering task of coping in society. The role of therapist in Gestalt therapy is to encourage the client to acknowledge their emotions. This is by the therapist supporting the client to express their current feeling and experiences. The main focus for the client in Gestalt therapy is to stay in the ‘here and now.’ This is very important because it allows client to stay focused in the present when it comes to their feelings and experiences. Looking at past situations, experiences and future goals is not permitted in therapy because it can cause anxieties that bring forth excessive problems. This is why the ‘here and now’ is emphasized. Also within gestalt therapy the therapist helps the...
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...“Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the therapist is all that he / she will need to treat clients” In order to evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy is all that is needed for a therapist to treat their clients, it is first necessary to look at the Therapy as a concept and the basic premise on which its theories rest, before looking at how this model effects change in the client, and then considering whether this approach is enough to achieve results in all types of client problems or whether indeed it is found to be somewhat lacking in its effectiveness for some or all cases along with some criticisms voiced by other writers and therapists who follow alternative models as a preference. . The Person-Centred or “Rogerian” model as it is sometimes referred to, was developed by an American, Carl Rogers (Jan 8 1902 – Feb 4 1987) who was one of the most influential psychologists of the 20th century. He was a humanist thinker and believed that all people are fundamentally good. He also believed that people have a self actualising tendency, or a desire to fulfil their own potential and become the best people they can be. He worked as a psychotherapist for most of his adult life and in developing his model he made some key assumptions. He believed that all individuals are capable of exercising free will and that human beings are basically good and if given the opportunity they will always strive towards goodness...
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