...Borderline personality disorder is a disordered behavior pattern that develops by early adulthood, and is characterized by multiple types of psychological instability and impulsiveness, often involves intense and frequent mood changes, fear of abandonment, and a risk of suicide according to Merriam-Webster.com. In Oldham’s article “Personality Disorders” he states that in many important ways, we are what we do. It is easier to determine the “what” of our personality rather than the “why”. We all have unique personalities and no two people are the same, for instance like our fingerprints. Individuals’ temperament is a key component of a person’s developing personality, along with the shaping and molding influences of family, caretakers, and environmental experiences. Personality disorders are diagnosed by a classical system of descriptive psychopathology within a framework adopted by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and published in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) (). The DSM has had many revisions with the latest revision being published in 2000. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV-TR) is used to diagnose psychiatric illness. The DSM-IV TR has a multiaxial approach that includes five dimensions. Axis I: Clinical Syndromes, Axis II: Personality and Mental Retardation, Axis III: Medical Conditions, Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems, and Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning...
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... 1. Psychometric Tests: Psychometric testing is a commonly used assessment tool. It is often used for professional and managerial roles and can be administered using paper and pencil, and online. Timing, instructions, content, scoring and interpretation are all standardised. Psychometrics can provide a range of information about an individual from how effectively they process numerical information to how they are likely to behave when put in a challenging situation. Psychometric assessment looks at a candidate’s: * Aptitude – problem solving skills; dexterity; verbal and numerical ability; abstract and mechanical reasoning * Personality traits / work style – assertiveness, reaction under pressure, communication skills * Motivation – energy, drive and job satisfaction factors * Long-term potential How can employers use psychometric tests effectively? Employers must pay attention to all the stages of test use in order to get the most from psychometrics. This begins with decisions about whether or not to use a psychometric test, how they actually select the right one and, finally, how they go about using it. Before using any psychometric tool, you must be clear that it is appropriate and, in the case of selection, relevant to the role. At this point consideration should also be given to how the information will be used and what will happen to it afterwards...
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...The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is a reference work consulted by psychiatrists, psychologists, physicians in clinical practice, social workers , medical and nursing students, pastoral counselors, and other professionals in health care and social service fields. The book's title is often shortened to DSM , or an abbreviation that also indicates edition, such as DSM-IV-TR, which indicates fourth edition, text revision of the manual, published in 2000. The DSM-IV-TR provides a classification of mental disorders, criteria sets to guide the process of differentialdiagnosis , and numerical codes for each disorder to facilitate medical record keeping. The stated purpose of the DSM is threefold: to provide "a helpful guide to clinical practice"; "to facilitate research and improve communication among clinicians and researchers"; and to serve as "an educational tool for teaching psychopathology." The multi-axial system The third edition of DSM , or DSM-III , which was published in 1980, introduced a system of five axes or dimensions for assessing all aspects of a patient's mental and emotional health. The multi-axial system is designed to provide a more comprehensive picture of complex or concurrent mental disorders. According to the DSM-IVTR, the system is also intended to "promote the application of the biopsychosocial model in clinical, educational and research settings." The reference to the biopsychosocial model is significant, because it indicates that...
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...PSY 100 STUDY GUIDE EXAM #3 CHAPTER 8 Memory Retrieval Serial Position Effect: Recall is superior for the items at the beginning and end of a list Primacy Effect: superior recall for items at the beginning of a list Recency Effect: superior recall for items at the end of a list Retrieval Cues Recall: individual must retrieve previously learned information (essay test) Recognition: individual only has to identify (“recognize”) learned items (multiple choice test) Encoding Specificity Principle: associations formed at the time of encoding or learning tend to be effective retrieval cues (ex. Mnemonics, semantic encoding) Priming: activating particular connections or association in memory Flashbulb Memories: memories of emotionally significant events that people often recall with more accuracy and vivid imagery than everyday events Factors involved in forgetting Challenges of Forgetting 1. Absent-mindedness: inattention to details produces encoding failure 2. Transience: storage decay over time 3. Blocking: inaccessibility of stored info Challenges of Distortion 4. Misattribution: confusion about source of info 5. Suggestibility: lingering effects of misinfo 6. Bias: belief-colored recollections Challenge of Intrusion 7. Persistence: unwanted memories Proactive Interference: info learned earlier interferes with recall or newer material; material that was learned earlier disrupts the recall of material learned later Retroactive Interference:...
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...studies have found that 20-30% of those individuals with ADHD also meet criteria for anxiety and depressive disorders (Jensen et al., 2001). Heterogeneity. Previous editions of the DSM have targeted diagnostic homogeneity through aggressive subtyping of disorders. For example, in DSM-III (APA, 1980) diagnostic criterion sets for personality disorders were broadly monothetic, requiring the presence of all criteria to provide diagnosis. However, this proved problematic for clinicians, as most patients do not neatly present with identical symptom profiles. Given this dilemma, subsequent revisions of the DSM utilized polythetic criterion sets, requiring only a subset of diagnostic criteria be satisfied for diagnosis (e.g., 5 of 8 optional criteria). While polythetic criterion sets acknowledge the reality of disorder heterogeneity, it does not resolve the problems associated with symptom (and possible etiological) diversity (Widiger & Trull, 2007). The widespread heterogeneity present within a syndromal classification system poses a number of concerns for the field of psychopathology. For example, seemingly minor shifts in diagnostic criteria throughout revisions of the DSM have at times resulted in substantial shifts in prevalence rates for specific disorder (Widiger & Trull, 2007). Given the variable presentations within a disorder category, available therapeutic and psychopharmacological interventions are far from a “one-size fits all” solution. In converse, many therapeutic and psychopharmacological...
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...Mary Forehandv (o.J.) Bloom’s Taxonomy.- Georgia. Web: http://projects.coe.uga.edu/epltt/index.php?title=Bloom%27s_Taxonomy (10.2.2012) Bloom's Taxonomy From Emerging Perspectives on Learning, Teaching and Technology Jump to: navigation, search Mary Forehand The University of Georgia Independent Chapter Review As an educator I find it interesting to teach and learn. I like to ask questions as a roadmap to my teaching experience. You did a fine job with the introduction for that. Yet, I would want a little more information in the introduction. This site is a wonderful Cliff Notes to Bloom’s Taxonomy. The reference page is most helpful. However, I would also add a booklist for your reader. You only had one picture of the theory. I would challenge you to include more pictures and graphs for your reader. It just make things fun for us to see and feel. What about links to other sites so we can enhance our education in the learning process. Linda Dunegan, Ph.D. (c) CB Healing Institute, http://cbhealinginstitute.com/ Contents [hide] • 1 Introduction • 2 History • 3 What is Bloom's Taxonomy? • 4 Revised Bloom's Taxonomy (RBT) • 5 Terminology Changes • 6 Structural changes • 7 Changes in Emphasis • 8 Why use Bloom's Taxonomy? • 9 How can Bloom's Taxonomy Be Used? • 10 Summary • 11 Bloom - Biography • 12 References • 13 Bibliography • 14 Additional Resources • 15 Citation Introduction One of the basic questions facing educators has always been "Where...
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...History of the MMPI According to Roger L. Greene (2011), the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), MMPI-2, and MMPI-2RF are the most widely used self-report measures of psychopathology. The history of the MMPI dates back to the early history of self-report personality inventories. Personality assessments had its first major stimulus during World War I when assessment procedures were needed to screen a large population. Woodworth and Poffenberger responded by developing the Woodworth Personal Data Sheet, which was designed to detect mental instability. This inventory, however, had no theoretical perspective or a systematic method for the selection the questions. Even so, the inventory did identify WWI recruits that would need to be further interviewed for sufficient mental stability to enlist for the army. Another early, well-known personality inventory similar to the Woodworth Personal Data Sheet is the Bernreuter Personality Inventory (Greene, 2011). This inventory started a trend to measure multiple dimensions of personality. Although heading in the right direction, the scale was critiqued and shown to be an invalid measure of personality. Most early personality inventories were generally unsuccessful due to the lack of empirical data and lack of validation. In the 1930s, Starke Hathaway and J. C. McKinley sought to develop a multifaceted inventory, now known as the MMPI, which would improve on the shortcomings of previous tests (Greene, 2011). Hathaway and...
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...Personality and Individual Differences 43 (2007) 2105–2115 www.elsevier.com/locate/paid Narcissism, vanity, personality and mating effort Vincent Egan *, Cara McCorkindale Department of Psychology, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, Scotland, United Kingdom Received 10 November 2006; received in revised form 19 June 2007; accepted 27 June 2007 Available online 15 August 2007 Abstract The current study examined the relationship between narcissism and vanity, and the degree these are predicted by the ‘Big Five’ personality traits and mating effort (ME) using a sample of 103 females recruited from a large beauty salon. Narcissism correlated with vanity at 0.72 (P < 0.001), and was associated positively with extraversion (E), ME and the subscales of vanity; narcissism was associated negatively with neuroticism (N) and agreeableness (A). Vanity correlated positively with E, conscientiousness, both subscales of narcissism, and ME, and negatively with N and A. A composite narcissism–vanity score was produced using principal components analysis, and used along with scores from the NEO-FFI-R to predict mating effort. The narcissism–vanity composite, low A and E significantly and independently predicted mating effort (adjusted R2 = 0.28, F(9.96) = 7.74, P < 0.001). These results show that mating effort is additionally predicted by narcissism as well as self-reported personality. Ó 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Narcissism; Personality;...
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...1949, with a final draft published in 1956 (Krathwohl, 2002). Initially, the term taxonomy was unfamiliar as an education term and misunderstood, receiving little attention at the time (Krathwohl, 2002). The revised framework, was developed 45 years later by Anderson and Krathwohl in 2001 in order to fit the more outcome-focused modern educational objectives (Huitt, 2011). The differing frameworks are illustrated and you can see the similarities between the two. They are arranged in a hierarchy from less to more complex. I like the acronyms used here from LOTS (lower order thinking skills) to HOTS (higher order thinking skills). Further to revision of the taxonomy, Anderson and Krathwohl added a conceptualisation of knowledge dimensions (as shown) within which these processing levels are used (Huitt, 2011). The further cognitive dimensions are significant when thinking about metacognitive activity (thinking at the highest level). As you can see, Bloom’s taxonomy provides a solid ground in order to understand the need to broaden the depth of thinking and learning (Eber & Parker, 2007). Within this unit, we have been looking carefully at the benefits of...
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...in the research, development, and implementation of assessment centers. The guidelines are a statement of the considerations believed to be most important for all users of the assessment center method. For instance, the use of job-related simulations is a core concept when using the method. Job simulation exercises allow individuals to demonstrate their abilities in situations that are important on the job. As stressed in these guidelines, a procedure should not be represented as an assessment center unless it includes at least one, and usually several, job-related simulations that require the assessee to demonstrate a constructed behavioral response. Other important areas include assessor selection and training, using ‘competencies’ as dimensions to be assessed, validation, participants’ rights, and the incorporation of technology into assessment center programs. The current guidelines discuss a number of considerations in developing and using assessment centers in diverse cultural settings. 1. Purpose staff of an assessment center; and (4) guidance on the use of technology in assessments. T his document’s intended purpose is to establish professional guidelines and ethical considerations for users of the assessment center method. These guidelines are designed to cover both existing and future applications. The title ‘assessment center’ is restricted to those methods that follow these guidelines. These guidelines will provide:...
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...Operational Level Paper E1 ENTERPRISE OPERATIONS (REVISION SUMMARIES) Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Topic Organisations Corporate Responsibility and Ethics The International Economy Information Systems Managing Information Systems Operations Management Quality Management Marketing Buyer Behaviour Human Resource Management Management Theory and Motivation The Legal Environment Page Number 3 13 17 27 35 45 55 61 73 79 93 101 E1 revision summaries 1 E1 revision summaries 2 Chapter 1 Organisations E1 revision summaries 3 Key summary of chapter Private sector organisations Sub-sectors of the economy not directly controlled by the government or state private business and households. Examples • • • • Private businesses e.g. self employed sole traders or partnerships. Companies (corporations) e.g. separate legal identity with limited liability for shareholders (owners). Private banks and building societies. Non-governmental organisations e.g. trade unions, charities, clubs etc. e.g. Public organisations Sub-sectors of an economy, or organisations, owned and directly controlled by the state or government. Examples • • • Local authorities. State owned industries e.g. the UK post office. Public corporations e.g. the British Broadcasting Company (BBC). Characteristics of public organisations • • • • Ultimately accountable to government. Goals and guidelines determined by government. Not-for-profit motive (NPO). Funded by the general public...
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...experience it only in the ways their internal structure allows. On the other hand, social constructionism deemphasizes individual knowledge construction and instead stresses that human understandings spring from ongoing relationships. Through discussion and interaction with each other, people negotiate and reach consensus about what is real and true. Discourses, defined as ways of talking about reality, shape human experience. As people use discourses in novel ways over time, shared constructions of reality evolve. Whether individually or socially focused, constructivist theories stress human involvement in knowledge construction, maintaining that people can only know the world indirectly via their constructions. SEE ALSO Constructivism; Personality; Psychoanalytic Theory;...
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...Perception of and Addiction to Online Games as a Function of Personality Traits Searle Huh University of Southern California and Nicholas David Bowman Michigan State University Online Publication Date: April 26, 2008 Journal of Media Psychology, V 13, No. 2, Spring, 2008 Abstract With the growing popularity of online video games, there have been anecdotal reports suggesting that these games are highly addictive, with some gamers spending in excess of 40 to 50 hours per week playing. Thus, research into the individual characteristics that lead to excessive play is warranted. This paper examines two individual variables – personality and perceptions of media – and explores how they relate to online game play, specifically online game addiction. By presenting a revised metric for online game addiction, this paper explores the relationship between addiction and both personality and perception. Online addiction is presented in this paper as a process addiction with four unique factors: perceived social sanctions, excessive play, uncontrollable play, and displacement. Both personality and perception are found to be significantly associated with online game addiction. These results are interpreted and discussed, and future research direction is suggested. Keywords: online game addiction, Big Five personality traits, media perception, MMOs Perception and Addiction of Online Games as a Function of Personality Traits Computer games as a leisure activity have become...
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...Email: ojohn@socrates.berkeley.edu; sanjays@socrates.berkeley.edu To appear in L. Pervin and O.P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford (in press). 2 Taxonomy is always a contentious issue because the world does not come to us in neat little packages (S. J. Gould, 1981, p. 158). Personality has been conceptualized from a variety of theoretical perspectives, and at various levels of abstraction or breadth (John, Hampson, & Goldberg, 1991; McAdams, 1995). Each of these levels has made unique contributions to our understanding of individual differences in behavior and experience. However, the number of personality traits, and scales designed to measure them, escalated without an end in sight (Goldberg, 1971). Researchers, as well as practitioners in the field of personality assessment, were faced with a bewildering array of personality scales from which to choose, with little guidance and no overall rationale at hand. What made matters worse was that scales with the same name often measure concepts that are not the same, and scales with different names often measure concepts that are quite similar. Although diversity and scientific pluralism are useful, the systematic accumulation of findings and the communication among researchers became difficult amidst the Babel of concepts and scales. Many personality researchers had hoped that they might devise the structure that would transform the Babel into a community speaking a common...
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...pression Affects College Students How Depression Affects College Students Nikki M. Broadnax Elementary Education Major Abstract The age group of depressed college students is 18 – 32 many students find the adjustment from high school to college difficult. Even the student that seems most at ease with their new lifestyle will often confess to moments of missing their familiar high school friends, family and other comforts of home. A study by UCLA reports that more than 25-30 percent of college freshmen say they feel overwhelmed most of the time in the beginning stages of college. Some students, however, find themselves feeling much more than simply overwhelmed. 2006 college seniors surveyed, the numbers has increased 50% since the 1970s. Unthinking depression has its peak in females between the ages of 18-40, and for males between 21-40, emphasize that depression occurs at all ages. The difference between adult and childhood pictures of depression have been attributed to an inability of the child to verbalized his or her affective state incomplete superego development, and absence of consistent self-representation. How Depression Affects In College Students More than 18 million adults, almost a tenth of the United States population above the age of 17-23, have been found to demonstrate symptoms of a depressive disorder each year (Rosack, July 8, 2010) Depression is defined as a state of intense sadness or despair that has progressed to a level that...
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