1) What are the branches and sub-branches of philosophy, and what kind of questions does each one deal with? Give examples. * Metaphysics * Ontology deals with questions about the nature of things * Teleology deals with questions about the purpose of things

* Axiology * Ethics deals with questions about right and wrong * Aesthetics deals with questions about beauty

* Epistemology * deals with questions concerning what we can know, and how we can know it

2) What do sport philosophers strive to do? What traits and skills are important for them to possess? * Define & clarify what sport is and what its purpose is. * Understand the value and meaning sport has for human beings * Systematically determine which actions are morally right or wrong within & in relation to sporting contests * Understand what we can know about sport & what sport can teach us. Traits * Awareness * Curiosity * Desire for Truth * Openmindedness * Fairness * Courage * Practicality * Sport Knowledge

Skills * Organization * Communication * Observation * Reflection * Imagination * Critical Thinking * Analysis * Synthesis

3) How do philosophers develop and use definitions? What elements do strong definitions possess?

* Distinguish between types of acts and recognize if it can be more than one * Elements- necessary and sufficient conditions that define whether it is a certain act * determine when a type of activity is a sub-category of another type * recognize when an activity can be categorized as more than one type of activity * N- required characteristic S-complete to the point you can distinguish 4) State and explain the definition of play Suits arrives at in “Words on Play.” Are all instances of play autotelic activities according to Suits? Are play and autotelic activities identical? Explain why or why not?

“X is play if and only if X has made a temporary reallocation to autotelic activities of resources primarily committed to instrumental purposes” * Yes * All play is autotelic; if you are playing, you are participating in an activity for its own sake. * Autotelicity is a necessary condition for play * No. * Autotelic activities are intrinsically valued activities; activities done for their own sake. * It’s a habit of language to refer to autotelic activities as “play”. * Not all autotelic activities are play activities, because… * There is more to the concept of play than autotelicity.

5) According to Suits in “Words on Play,” which participant(s) in his hypothetical tennis match is/are playing? Briefly explain Suits’ reasoning in relation to each participant.

* Prudence because she is an amateur, playing for the love of the game and taking time away from work

6) Under Suits’ definition of play, is it possible for organized Little League Baseball to be a play activity? Why or why not? Are there conditions under which Little League Baseball would not be a play activity? If so, give an example that demonstrates these conditions. 7) Explain the difference between work and game playing according to Suits.

* Work is a “technical activity” in which one attempts to use the most efficient means to achieve a specific goal. * In games, less efficient means are intentionally chosen over more efficient means to make specific types of activities possible. This is “gratuitous logic”.

8) What is the definition of game playing that Suits arrives at in “Construction of a Definition”? What are the 4 elements of a game according to him? How are these elements related to one another? * In games, less efficient means are intentionally chosen over more efficient means to make specific types of activities possible. This is “gratuitous logic”.

9) In addition to the 4 elements of games, what other characteristics must an activity have to be a sport according to “Early Suits” (1973)? Explain the difference between “athletic games” and “athletic performances” that Suits developed later in his career (1988). * All sports are games, but in addition: * Sports are games of skill * Sports require the use of physical skills * Sports have a wide, stable following * Athletic games are refereed activities * rules establish skills (means) that define games officials enforce rules * Athletic performances are judged activities * judges compare performances to ideals * ideals establish how skills should be performed

10) Describe the necessary and sufficient conditions that make an activity a sport according to Drewe.
Drewe (2003): Sports * require performance of gross physical skills * are competitions vs. other human beings or standards have institutional conditions

What is the brief definition of game playing that Suits arrives at in “Construction of a Definition”? Identify & explain the 4 elements of a game according to him? Using a game or sport example, show how these different elements are related to one another?
“the voluntary attempt to overcome unnecessary obstacles” * Pre-lusory Goal – “a specific state of affairs” existing separately from the game (e.g., putting the ball in the hole) * Lusory Means – means that may be legally used in pursuit of the pre-lusory goal (e.g., hitting the ball as it lies with a legal club) * Constitutive Rules – rules that set out the lusory means by prohibiting the use of more efficient means of achieving the pre-lusory goal and creating obstacles for players to overcome * Lusory Attitude – An acceptance of the rules that makes it possible for a game to be played