...other injury to the head. It is the most common but least serious type of brain injury.” (NHS UK, 2014) A concussion can occur when something/someone comes in contact with the head leading the brain to hit off the skull with force. People who regularly play competitive team sports such as American football and rugby have a higher risk of concussion as it is a full contact sport. The physiological response with concussion include headaches often described as similar to migraines in that they cause a throbbing pain on one side or the front of the head. The person may also feel dizzy, sick and fatigue along with having sensitivity to loud...
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...Running head: Muscle Repair after Injury Muscle Repair after Injury Dee Gooseby Exercise Science Lenoir-Rhyne University Date Submitted: December, 2013 Introduction One of the most common injuries in sports of both genders is the tearing of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament, ACL. Each year there are over 200,000 reported cases of a torn ACL (Kim & Smith, 2009). Out of the 200,000 reported cases, an ACL reconstruction was performed in 175,000 of them with the majority of the procedures ending successfully, but failure rates averaged from three percent to high as 10% - 25% (Bogunovic, 2013). An ACL injury usually occurs while doing a move you have performed over a 100 times (Kidzworld). In other cases, a torn ACL is normally caused by getting hit extremely hard on the side of your knee, overextending the knee joint or by quickly stopping and changing direction while running (Kim & Smith, 2009). The ACL is the ligament that connects the tibia to the femur, and when it becomes torn it usually swells and produces a sharp pain immediately. Since the ACL is a pivotal aspect to a person’s knee, it is very important for scientists and doctors to figure out a sufficient way to heal it. Normally when an ACL is diagnosed as torn, the first step of the healing process is to go through a couple weeks of rehab before surgery to help strengthen the quadriceps and hamstring muscle. The most common ACL procedure consists of taking a ligament from the patella tendon or the use...
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...Speech 101 10/24/11 Topic – My meniscus injury and the processes in which I went through Intro – About a year and a half ago I was training pretty hard to get into shape for the fire academy here at rio hondo. I would run atleast 5 miles a day to keep good cardio, haha I don’t do much of any running any more. Well, One of those days I went on an uphill run with a 20lb weight pack and experienced some pain in my left knee, about a month later It still hurt so i went to the doctor and after an MRI it was determined that I may have torn my meniscus and I would not be able to attend the academy until it healed. Today im going to go over some knowledge I gained about these types of injuries by experiencing one first hand. Body – 1. First off I am going to start with some quick anatomy on the largest joint in your body .inside there are 4 ligaments that holds the bones together. ACL PCL MCL LCL you have your KNEE CAP and then your MENISCUS. The meniscus is a rubbery, C-shaped disc that cushions your knee. Each knee has two of them, one at the outer edge of the knee and one at the inner edge, they serve to spread and cushion the weight across the knee. A tear in the meniscus can either be bad or much worse depending on the location because the outside of the menisci has really good circulation but the inside has almost no circulation at all making this knee injury a very uncertain window to recover from, some can recover in a month, others like me can take over a year. In...
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...There are four ligaments within the knee joint that are influenced by knee ligament damage: the anterior, posterior, medial and lateral cruciate ligament (ACL), (PCL), (MCL) and (LCL). Complications: *Osteoarthritis, in which joint cartilage deteriorates and its smooth surface become tough. *Arthritis may happen even if you have surgery to remodel the ligament. *numbness in the front of the knee that typically requires no additional treatment. *Infection, rarely occurs about 1% of the time. *Stiffness or loss of motion happens less than fife percent of the time with modern rehabilitation techniques and rarely needs further surgical treatment. Prognosis: In case of torn ligament does not heal sufficiently, may suffer from instability in the joint, and will have higher chance to re-injury. The MCL usually responds very good to non-surgical treatment,even though surgery may be needed in rare cases. Counting on the severity of the injury, a duration of rest, bracing and physical...
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...any physical contact between teams. Even though this is a non-contact sport, injuries happen due to running into others, landing or jumping wrong, and overuse of muscles. Due to this, research has been conducted on the percentage of injuries and the best ways to prevent specific injuries. There are different ways for prevention and some positions are more at risk than others. In volleyball, it is more important to take steps to prevent ankle injuries that overuse or knee injuries. The ankle is most prone to injury and occurs most often, when playing volleyball, because of previous study and the effects the injury has had on playing time. Ankle injuries are 40 percent of acute...
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...Running head: Meniscus Tears Meniscus Tears Kaitlyn Hutchins Liberty University Meniscus Tears Description of Injury The meniscus is separated into two separate menisci. A medial, more crescent shaped menisci, and a lateral, more circular one. The meniscus is responsible for lubricating and nourishing the knee joint and assisting with joint biomechanics by mainly providing shock absorption during weight bearing. Injuries to a healthy meniscus are usually produced by a compressive force coupled with transverse-plane tibiofemoral rotation as the knee moves from flexion to extension during rapid cutting or pivoting (Brindle, 2001, 160). Meniscus tears can be considered acute or chronic depending on the mechanism of injury and the participants injury history. The patient may even be able to continue participation in activities but will notice a significant loss of the range of motion in the knee joint and a feeling that the knee is “giving out”. In many cases, it is the medial meniscus that is more commonly injured due to the fact that it is much less stable because of its crescent shape, and because it is also attached to the medial collateral ligament. Mechanisms of Injury The possible mechanisms of injury for meniscus tears varies from rapid cutting or changing of directions while running, to extreme compressive force to the lower leg region causing unnatural stress on the menisci. There are three different types of tears to the menisci which include a “bucket handle”...
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...What do Parents and Coaches need to Know? The pressures of club soccer are not only positive they can also be damaging to both families and their teens. An article by Dovepress wrote, “Pressure for early specialization to maximize athletic skills for future social, financial, and educational rewards is generated by parents, coaches, neighbors, society, and colleges” (Merkel). Parents and coaches play a large role in their teen’s life, and need to be aware of the types of physical and mental injuries that affect their teens. Parents also need to be aware of the pressures that they are not only putting on their teens but also the pressures that the family will come across. Physical and Mental Injuries After a game, does your teen complain of a popping noise in their knee, discomfort when walking, pain or swelling in their knee? There has been a trend in females who play soccer of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries. An ACL injury is a sprain or tear in a ligament in the knee, and if this injury is not...
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...threatening condition although it can affect considerably the quality of life. OA can be classified depending on the number of joints affected, the site which it affects and also the type. By type, one means whether it is inflammatory, generalised (affects many joints) or erosive (David & Lloyd, 1998). Osteoarthritis may also be divided into primary idiopathic or secondary. In primary OA there are no preceding injuries or trauma which could have caused it. The main cause is repetitive stress on the joint and cumulative changes to the joint surfaces. It is typically found in women over the age of forty five which repeatedly stress the same joints such as the knees and hips. Secondary OA, on the other hand, is caused by a previous condition, injury or disease. Injury to the joint, gout, rheumatoid arthritis and even obesity may eventually lead to the development of secondary OA (Koopman, 2000) Osteoarthritis Affecting the Knee Joint The knee is the most susceptible joint for development of osteoarthritis. As previously mentioned in the section discussing knee anatomy, the knee is formed by three combined compartments: the lateral tibiofemoral compartment, the medial tibiofemoral compartment and the patellofemoral compartment. As osteoarthritis very rarely affects the joint uniformly, degeneration may be occurring in any one of the different...
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...Gauntlet Cast (thumb spica): from below the elbow to the proximal palmar crease. 3 Short and Long-leg Cast for the lower limbs. 4 Body Cast: Encircles the trunk stabilizing the spine. 5 Spica Cast: Incorporates the trunk and extremity. 6 Shoulder spica: encloses trunk, shoulder, and elbow. 7 Hip spica: encloses trunk and a lower extremity and can be single or double. Single extends from nipple line to include pelvis and one thigh while double includes both thighs and lower legs. 8 Cast-brace: External support about a fracture that is constructed with hinges to permit early motion of joints, early mobilization, and independence. 9 Cylinder Cast: Can be used for upper or lower extremity e.g. fracture or dislocation of knee or elbow dislocation. Complications of Casts * Pressure of cast may cause necrosis, pressure sores, and nerve palsies. * Compartment syndrome * Cast syndrome associated especially of body cast, resulting to nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distention; superior mesenteric artery syndrome, resulting in diminished blood flow to the bowel and intestinal obstruction; Acute anxiety reaction symptoms associated with confinement in a space. * Thrombophlebitis * Psychological reaction (e.g., depression) associated with immobility, dependence, and loss of control. Nursing...
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...them, with regard to landing from a jump. By inducing fatigue in our subjects, observing their landing mechanics and applying the results to the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) Test we will be able to tell just how much of an effect fatigue can have on the subjects. The implications being that if the results differ significantly an athlete should work on their landing mechanics in order to help prevent a future injury. 1. Fatigue...
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...when physicians, nurses, social workers, pharmacists and others work together in new ways. While physicians may service as team leaders, they and other team members share responsibility, authority and mutual goal improving quality while lowering costs” (Butcher, L. 2013). The patient’s case scenario for this team based is elderly woman, in her early eighty’s’, who’s had both knee replaced. “Knee replacement also known as Knee athroplasty, can help relive pain and restore function in severely knee joints. During knee replacement, a surgeon cuts away damaged bone and cartilage from your thighbone, shinbone and kneecap and replaces it with an artificial joint or metal alloys, high-grade plastics and polymers” (mayoclinic.com. 2013). This patient is at along term care facility and has been living there for a few months since the last knee replacement. Due to the replacements, patient now cannot walk and has no strength in both legs, which has caused major depression. Laying in bed majority of the time has caused bedsores to the buttocks. “Bedsores, also called pressure sores or pressure ulcers, are injuries to skin and underlying tissues that result from prolonged pressure on the skin. Bedsores most often develop on skin that covers bony areas of the body, such as the heel, ankles, hips or buttocks” . Patient also has type 2 diabetes, which is a chronic condition that affects the way your body metabolizes sugar...
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...Client/Patient Initials: LH Sex: F Age: 47 Occupation: Registered Nurse Health History/Review of Systems Neurological System headaches, head injuries, dizziness, convulsions, tremors, weakness, numbness, tingling, difficulty speaking, and difficulty swallowing etc., medication): Neurologically JP is intact. Alert ox3 clear speech with no hesitations, c/o headaches and dizziness occasionally, upon arising in the am. She admits being “little stressed to family situations” and rotating shifts (DAYS/NIGHTS). Suggested to seek EAP (Employee Assistance Program) at work Head and Neck (pain, headaches, head/neck injury, neck pain, lumps/swelling, surgeries on head/neck, medications: LH has full ROM to neck and head, closes her eyes and able to hold her arms and hands out without swaying. LH takes Motrin 800mg for headaches. Motrin (ibuprofen) is a no steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by reducing hormones that cause inflammation and pain in the body. This medicine may also cause serious effects on the stomach or intestines, including bleeding or perforation (forming of a hole). These conditions can be fatal and can occur without warning while you are taking Motrin, especially in older adults. Nursing Drug Handbook (2013) Eyes (eye pain, blurred vision, history of crossed eyes, redness/swelling in eyes, watering, tearing, injury/surgery to eye, glaucoma testing, vision test, glasses or contacts, medications: LH has myopia and astigmatism. She wears glasses for correction...
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...Client/Patienton Initials: LH Sex: F Age: 47 Occupation: Registered Nurse Health History/Review of Systems Neurological System headaches, head injuries, dizziness, convulsions, tremors, weakness, numbness, tingling, difficulty speaking, and difficulty swallowing etc., medication): Neurologically JP is intact. Alert ox3 clear speech with no hesitations, c/o headaches and dizziness occasionally, upon arising in the am. She admits being “little stressed to family situations” and rotating shifts (DAYS/NIGHTS). Suggested to seek EAP (Employee Assistance Program) at work Head and Neck (pain, headaches, head/neck injury, neck pain, lumps/swelling, surgeries on head/neck, medications: LH has full ROM to neck and head, closes her eyes and able to hold her arms and hands out without swaying. LH takes Motrin 800mg for headaches. Motrin (ibuprofen) is a no steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by reducing hormones that cause inflammation and pain in the body. This medicine may also cause serious effects on the stomach or intestines, including bleeding or perforation (forming of a hole). These conditions can be fatal and can occur without warning while you are taking Motrin, especially in older adults. Nursing Drug Handbook (2013) Eyes (eye pain, blurred vision, history of crossed eyes, redness/swelling in eyes, watering, tearing, injury/surgery to eye, glaucoma testing, vision test, glasses or contacts, medications: LH has myopia and astigmatism. She wears glasses for correction...
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...Joint Pain Joints form the connections between bones. They provide support and help you move. Any damage to the joints from disease or injury can interfere with your movement and cause a lot of pain. Joint pain is a matter of serious concern, primarily because joints play a huge role in the overall functioning of the human body. Joint pain is the result of an injury, infectious disease, or medical condition or is the result of structural damage within the joints. There are many different types of painful joints, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, bursitis, gout, strains, sprains, etc. Joint pain is extremely common. Knee pain is the most common, followed by shoulder and hip pain, but joint pain can affect any part of your body,...
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... This latest dilemma stirred up various amounts of controversies around the news and public. Several meetings and discussions took place on how the officials should officiate and make the decisions of how crucial and legal the degree of the hit made on the field. These new rules and fines should remain in the NFL to help ensure the players’ safety and cause fewer injuries to NFL players giving them concussions and other injuries that could possibly affect their future. The rebels of these new rules obviously express a variety of arguments of why they disagree with them. Numerous amounts of football fans, players, and coaches state that these new rules take the excitement away from the game causing all the football game to become dull and make them lose interest and love for the game. They also protest that the rules will too, take the physicality away from the game and players will not be able to play how the game is supposed to be played. Those against this movement by the NFL argued that these rules might force defenders to aim lower when tackling, and could cause more knee injuries and career-ending injuries, and making the game even more dangerous. First of all, The NFL is not trying to take away the excitement away from football but yet trying to make the game safe and set examples. The NFL affects all levels of play from peewee football all the way through college. Ray Anderson, NFL football operations executive, said that the league is looking to...
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