Premium Essay

Physical Manipulatives

Submitted By
Words 958
Pages 4
Physical Manipulatives
Manipulaitves can be classified into two: concrete or physical manipulatives and virtual manipulatives. Domino (2010) categorized these physical manipulatives in three types. First, manipulatives can be objects that are familiar in everyday life, such as beads, buttons, coins, dice, and popsicle sticks. Second, manipulatives can be objects that are commercially manufactured and have multiple possible educational applications but exist primarily for some other purpose such as children’s building blocks, jigsaw puzzles, Legos, and Tinker Toys. Third, manipulatives can be objects that are specifically designed to be used in teaching mathematics, such as attribute blocks, base-ten blocks, color tiles, Cuisenaire rods, geoboards, …show more content…
It is crucial for instructional materials to include hands-on learning materials (Hawkins, 2007). Hawkins further stated that the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Principles and Standards for School Mathematics (in NCTM 2000) advocates the significance of using manipulatives, visual representations and mathematical modeling. In the study conducted by Hawkins (2007) to examine the use of mathematical manipulatives in learning fraction concepts, four experimental group classes used manipulatives and textbooks and four control group classes did not use manipulatives. However, the results of the study revealed that there is no significant difference on the mathematics achievement between the experimental and the control groups on the posttest …show more content…
can allow young children to extend physical experience and to develop an initial understanding of sophisticated ideas like the use of algorithms”. In essence, virtual manipulatives have some of the advantageous properties of several different forms of representation, as well as some additional advantages brought about by their technological properties (Moyer-Packenham, P.S., Salkind, G., & Bolyard, J.J. (2008). Virtual manipulatives often provide explicit connections between visual and symbolic representations, a feature which was found to benefit learning (Suh & Moyer,

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Massage Technique

...before antibiotics (before about 1960 for prostatitis), doctors performed massage when their patients had prostatitis. In some cases it was enough to cure them of the disease. ... it fell out of common practice with the advent of antibiotics." Reflexology Reflexology is based on the principle that there are reflexes in the hands and feet that relate to every organ, gland, and system of the body. Shiatsu Shiatsu is a type of alternative medicine consisting of finger and palm pressure, stretches, and other massage techniques. There is no convincing data available to suggest that shiatsu is an effective treatment for any medical condition. A hot stone massage Manual therapy Also known as manual therapy, manipulative therapy, or manual & manipulative therapy, this is a physical treatment primarily used on the neuromusculoskeletal system to treat pain and disability. It most commonly includes kneading and manipulation of muscles, joint mobilization and joint manipulation. Stone massage A stone massage uses cold or water-heated stones to apply pressure and heat to the body. Stones coated in oil can also be used by the therapist delivering various massaging strokes. The hot stones used are commonly Basalt stones (or lava rocks) which over time have become extremely polished and smooth. As the stones are placed along the recipient's back, they help to retain heat which then deeply penetrates into the muscles. Structural integration Structural Integration's aim is to unwind the...

Words: 1105 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Small Medium Enterprises

... Facilities at In Balance Defence Phase 6, Lahore, Pakistan www.InBalance.com InBalance@hotmail.com (92)-042-35885725 (92)-042-35885727 In Balance Wellness Club The Brain Gym is a new concept being introduced and it basically involves Brain Gym exercise equipments like the NeuroActive Bike and simple exercise movements helping in stimulating mental cognitions which as a whole refer to the, educational model of drawing out and honoring the individual, value of goal setting and noticing, importance of movement as it relates to optimal living and learning. The Brain Gym will be aimed at bringing improvements in areas of; * Concentration and Focus * Memory * Academics: reading, writing, math, test taking * Physical coordination * Relationships * Self-responsibility * Organization skills * Attitude Wellness Centre includes: * Lifestyle coaching * Professional nutritional and health counseling * Childcare courses for mothers * Personal training * Yoga * Aerobics * Meditation * Simple exercises * Physiotherapy * Gym Spa Therapies include: * Simple massage therapy * Hot stone massage * Aromatherapy * Pregnancy massage * Facials * Hands and feet massage * Hair and scalp massage What is a Wellness Club? A wellness club focuses on fulfilling...

Words: 322 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

California Pe

...of Education Reposted September 17, 2010 Physical Education Model Content Standards for California Public Schools Kindergarten Through Grade Twelve California Department of Education Reposted September 17, 2010 Publishing Information When the Physical Education Model Content Standards for California Public Schools, Kindergarten Through Grade Twelve was adopted by the California State Board of Education on January 12, 2005, the members of the State Board were the following: Ruth Green, President; Glee Johnson, Vice President; Ruth Bloom, Don Fisher, Ricky Gill, Reed Hastings, Joe Nuñez, Bonnie Reiss, Suzanne Tacheny, and Johnathan Williams. This publication was edited by Sheila Bruton and Faye Ong, working in cooperation with Dianne Wilson-Graham, Consultant, Professional Development and Curriculum Support Division. It was prepared for printing by the staff of CDE Press: the cover and interior design were created and prepared by Paul Lee; typesetting was done by Jeannette Reyes. It was published by the Department, 1430 N Street, Sacramento, CA 95814-5901, and was distributed under the provisions of the Library Distribution Act and Government Code Section 11096. © 2006 by the California Department of Education All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-8011-1605-6 Acknowledgments The following educators were appointed by Jack O’Connell, State Superintendent of Public Instruction, to assist in the development of the Physical Education Model Content Standards under the provisions...

Words: 19347 - Pages: 78

Premium Essay

Manual Therapy Research Paper

...therapy is a specific type of physical therapy that is used with the hands instead of a machine or a device (Daul, 2006). With the use of the hands, therapists can minimize the level of discomfort for those who suffer from chronic pain related issues, such as the back and joints (Daul, 2006). Manual therapy is offered through many forms of services that can be accessed by a client, that is tailored for everyone. Several examples of manual therapy are osteopathic medicine, chiropractor,...

Words: 1348 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Its Good Paper

...Today’s Physical Therapist: A Comprehensive Review of a 21st-Century Health Care Profession Prepared by the American Physical Therapy Association January 2011 Foreword The American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) created Today’s Physical Therapist: A Comprehensive Review of a 21st-Century Health Care Profession to provide accurate information for government entities and the public about the history, role, educational preparation, laws governing practice, standards of practice, evidence base of the profession, payment for physical therapy services, and workforce issues unique to the physical therapy profession. As government, private health care entities, and provider groups pursue solutions to the considerable health care provision challenges the United States faces, it is imperative that accurate information about the qualifications and roles of specific providers, in this case physical therapists, be available to inform all entities as they engage in these discussions. APTA is the national professional association representing more than 77,000 physical therapists, physical therapist assistants, and students nationwide. The association acknowledges and thanks the Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy, the national organization representing 51 boards of physical therapy licensure, for input and assistance with this document. © 2011 American Physical Therapy Association. All rights reserved. i | American Physical Therapy Association Table of Contents ...

Words: 62204 - Pages: 249

Premium Essay

Vulnerability Assessment

... System penetrators and ‘crackers’ know that people, and their desire to be helpful, or their ability to emote, are the weakest links in any program designed to protect information systems. Attackers can trick or persuade their way into systems in any number of ways via remote and physical means, and convince users to reveal information of interest that can cause harm to an organization. A typical social engineering attack can be segmented into physical and psychological stages. The physical segment of the social engineering operation could include phone calls, or returned phone calls from employees back to the attacker (an example of reverse social engineering) that volunteer information, ‘dumpster diving’ for company specific information that can be used to simulate a rapport or relationship with the company if questioned by an employee or security, emails with surreptitious links requesting unique information such as PIN’s or user names, or physical proximity and entry by impersonating an authorized person. The psychological stage of a social engineering attack takes place after the physical foot printing of the organization by using the bona fides that were learned while gathering physical intelligence to manufacture relationships with persons or the company, or by asserting false authority by impersonating persons or departments within the company. Employees are lulled into complying because they assume that the person is who they say they are, or represents whom they...

Words: 1868 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Competitors/Substitutes in Marketing

...Competitors/Substitutes Analyzing Competitive Forces • Threat of intense segment rivalry Currently in the home security industry, there is intense competition for growth in the market, making the threat of intense rivalry high. Market growth for security is rising because of various safety factors and consumers wanting their families and assets protected. By adding an insurance feature to our existing product line, ADT Security & Insurance can significantly lower its threat of segment rivalry because it takes out our direct competition. In order to keep this threat low, we will need to stay proactive in the market with our new extension and continue to increase our customer loyalty and branding, while continuing to create innovative new ideas for enhancing our services and maintaining a high competitive advantage. • Threat of new entrants At the present time, the threat of new entrants into the home security market is high. It has been recently reported that existing companies such as Verizon and Comcast are currently attempting to enter the home security market, offering some of the same products and services as ADT Security, along with competitive price points (www.verticalresearchpartners.com). There are however a few barriers that may slow their attempt. Although these companies are well-established names in the cable/telecom industries, with the current economic standings the way they are, gaining revenue to add, advertise and market...

Words: 1523 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Hipaa - How the Security Rule Supports the Privacy Rule

...health care providers that conduct certain health care transactions electronically.  The Rule requires appropriate safeguards to protect the privacy of personal health information, and sets limits and conditions on the uses and disclosures that may be made of such information without patient authorization. The Rule also gives patients rights over their health information, including rights to examine and obtain a copy of their health records, and to request corrections. (HHS, 2003) HIPAA security rule: The HIPAA Security Rule establishes national standards to protect individuals’ electronic personal health information that is created, received, used, or maintained by a covered entity. The Security Rule requires appropriate administrative, physical and technical safeguards to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and security of electronic protected health information. (HHS, 2003) Typically ePHI is stored in: • Computer hard drives • Magnetic tapes, disks, memory cards • Any kind of removable/transportable digital memory media • All transmission media used to exchange information such as the Internet, leased lines, dial-up, intranets, and private networks.(wv.gov, 2012) How the Security Rule Supports the Privacy Rule: According to HIMMS, The HIPAA Security Rule and Privacy Rule should work together. The Privacy Rule defines how the information should be used, providing rules for disclosure and access. The Security Rule defines the safeguards an entity must...

Words: 1624 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

Home Automation

...History The early days of home automation have emerged in the mid-1980s. It all starts with the miniaturization of electronic and computer systems. Second, the development of electronic components in household products has significantly improved performance, streamlined and reduced the costs of energy consumption equipment. The appearance on the market of communication services such as high-performance digital networks is not foreign to the emergence of innovative systems-oriented communication and exchange in the building and out of it . It is in order to provide more comfort, security and ease of use in building management that automation has had its premises. The observation of various work done since 1985 shows a development of automation in three areas: • The specification of the PLC: the products are diversifying in order to be a strong fit with customer needs; • Interfaces support: a growing effort is provided to make the man / machine interface more efficient and enjoyable; • Communication tools in the home: cable, internet and telephony are factors that are changing every day interactions between people and between them and the machines. There are just over 20 years of SECURISCAN THOMSON was the first home automation system installed in a house. But current technology did not exist and the installation was not a pioneer success. Since then, considerable advances have occurred to help the man in the life of every day. A multitude of products have been created by...

Words: 1654 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

Sofc

...Acta mater. 48 (2000) 4709–4714 www.elsevier.com/locate/actamat GADOLINIA-DOPED CERIA AND YTTRIA STABILIZED ZIRCONIA INTERFACES: REGARDING THEIR APPLICATION FOR SOFC TECHNOLOGY A. TSOGA1*, A. GUPTA1, A. NAOUMIDIS1 and P. NIKOLOPOULOS2 Institut fur Werkstoffe und Verfahren der Energietechnik (IWV1), Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52425 ¨ ¨ Julich, Germany and 2Chemical Engineering Department, University of Patras, GR 265 00 Patras, Greece ¨ 1 Abstract—For solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) operating at intermediate temperatures the adjacency of the state-of-the-art yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte with ceria-based materials to both anodic and cathodic sides is regarded as crucial for the effectiveness of the cell. Solid-state reaction, however, and interdiffusion phenomena between YSZ and ceria-based materials can cause degradation of the electrolyte. When a gadolinia-doped-ceria (GDC) layer is used to protect YSZ against interaction with Co-containing cathodes, an unfavorable solid state reaction at the YSZ–GDC interface can be efficiently suppressed when a thin ( 1 µm thick) interlayer with nominal composition of Ce0.43Zr0.43Gd0.10Y0.04O1.93 is incorporated at the interface. When ceria is to be employed at the electrolyte–anode interface to reduce polarization losses, use of a ceria–40% vol Ni cermet is recommended, since suppression of the reactivity between YSZ and ceria can also be achieved in the presence of Ni. © 2000 Acta Metallurgica Inc. Published by Elsevier...

Words: 3741 - Pages: 15

Premium Essay

Term Paper

...climbing, individual movement techniques, litter relays, buddy carries, water can PT, obstacle and confidence courses, etc. Remember that the aforementioned examples help us manipulate the amount of training effect desired for given training events. These tools allow us to train Soldiers with low risk of injury. It also provides leaders with a broad base of techniques to improve Soldiers’ physical performance. The example below will provide you with an idea of what your schedule should look like. It shows that the unit’s physical training program is aggressive. It has a very strong battle-focus, is challenging, and offers a lot of variety, as each of yours should as well. In the example training schedule, MSE overload occurs in Week 2 during the TOC equipment circuit, sandbag circuit, and weight training session since each event achieves temporary muscle failure (TMF). Following the FITT factors, MSE training occurs three times per week, intensity is at TMF, the type of training varies, and training time is never less than 50 minutes. Again, these are ideally aspects that your physical training schedule should incorporate as well. Notice that during the four-week training period, Ability...

Words: 261 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Richard Simmons and Slim Fast

...Richard Simmons or Slim Fast: Which Method Would You Choose? Dana Butler COM/155 July 21, 2013 Denise Axtell Richard Simmons or Slim Fast: Which Method Would You Choose? Many people may believe that Richard Simmons and Slim Fast are the same type of weight loss method. They do have similarities. They have differences, as well. While some people would say that they did not lose weight using these plans, Richard Simmons and Slim Fast both work well in their own way. These are two very popular weight loss methods. They can be used separately. They can also be used in conjunction with each other. Using either one of these two weight loss methods is a step in the right direction for anyone who needs to lose a large amount of weight. Using one of these weight loss methods will also work well for someone who just needs to lose those last few pounds to fit into that cute little bikini this summer. Both of these weight loss methods have been popular for many years. This would suggest that both methods have been quite successful...

Words: 1365 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Child Abuse

...CHILD ABUSE First of all, let me introduce the term child abuse to you. All the physical, sexual, emotional mistreatment or neglect of children is called child abuse. It can occur in a child's home, schools, community, or anywhere the child interacts with. There are four major categories of child abuse: neglect, physical abuse, psychological/emotional abuse, and child sexual abuse. The factors allows child mistreated continue happening can be multiple. Parents with documented substance abuse, most commonly alcohol, cocaine, and heroin, were much more likely to mistreat their children, and were also much more likely to reject court-ordered services and treatments. Additionally, unemployment and financial difficulties are also associated with increased rates of child abuse. In 2009 CBS News reported that child abuse in the United States had increased during the economic recession. It gave the example of a father who had never been the primary care-taker of the children. Now that the father was in that role, the children began to come in with injuries. Recently, the wellbeing of children has been given close attention to by governments of different countries. Sadly, the reality is not so idealistic. According to the researches of the world health organization, there are about 80% to 93% children suffering from some form of physical abuse at their homes, more than 275 million children had witnessed family violence every year, and more than 126 million child labor working under...

Words: 386 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Access Controls

...have internet access and 45,000 servers. All employees communicate using smartphones and e-mail. Many employees work from home and travel extensively. Administrative, Logical/technical, Hardware and Software are recommended for this company. With the size of the company, they need many rules set to maintain security. With communication through email and extensive travel, they also need to be secured. Traveling is a risk because they might leave sensitive things behind, security ensures nothing is revealed. 4. Backordered Parts is a defense contractor that builds communications parts for the military. All employees communicate using smartphones and e-mail. Software and physical are recommended for this company. Since they communicate through e-mail, they need secure access in order to communicate. Physical control is needed since they are handling parts for the military. 5. Confidential Services Inc. is a military-support branch consisting of 14,000,000 computers with internet access and 250,000 servers. All employees must have security clearances, and they communicate mainly using BlackBerry devices and...

Words: 335 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Best Practices for Network Security

...Best Practices for Network Security DaMarcus Forney American Military University June 19, 2013 Best Practices for Network Security It's no secret that there are millions of networks around the world. Today, networks are relatively easy to create. A network can be something as simple as two computers or hosts being connected together. They can also be very complex and consists of thousands of different network objects such as routers, servers, printers, and workstations. The Internet has revolutionized the way networks can be used. It has created endless possibilities for network technology as a whole and it's users. The first networks were intranet networks. All of the objects running on a intranet, including the infrastructure itself were locally owned and managed. As more and more information was being stored on intranets the need to secure them became more important. The good thing about intranets is that majority of the threats associated with them are internal, making them easy to secure. This can not be said about external networks such as the Internet. The Internet introduced threats that can reside from anywhere in the world. This put greater focus on network security. Securing networks that have access to the Internet is a never ending job. The sad part about securing a network is that a network will never be 100 percent secure. There will always be risks associated with every type of network. One can reduce those risks...

Words: 2391 - Pages: 10