...a clear definition of Game Theory. This definition stated business decision however, Martin (1978) stated that Game theory has proved useful in only war and economic. He states, “I see that at least three ways in which game theory has proved ‘useful’. First, it has led to practical advice on tactical decision-making in certain well defined situations, especially in military areas involving missile tracking and similar task (where the theory of differential games has led to results equivalent to control theory). Second, it has provided an occupation and amusement for thousands of government bureaucrats, mathematicians, psychologists, and others who have found plenty of funds to study Game Theory, develop its mathematics ramifications and play around with bargaining and simulation games. Third, it has provided a perspective for looking at military and political choices that builds in many values of the status quo, that can be adapted to give nearly any results desired, and which has the...
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...not know is that your own behavior can be subtly influenced by her choice of items when you're in that space—without your even realizing it. In studying this effect, Christian Wheeler, associate professor of marketing, has found that certain types of objects can in fact elicit very specific kinds of behavior. Wheeler and three other researchers, including Aaron Kay and Lee Ross from Stanford's psychology department, carried out a number of studies in which they exposed individuals to objects common to the domain of business, such as boardroom tables and briefcases, while another group saw neutral objects such as kites and toothbrushes. They then gave all of the participants tasks designed to measure the degree to which they were in a cooperative or competitive frame of mind. In every case, participants who were "primed" by seeing the business objects subsequently demonstrated that they were thinking or acting more competitively. The effect was the strongest when they had to respond in situations that were deliberately ambiguous. When questioned, however, participants denied that being exposed to business-related objects had influenced their behavior in any way. "People are always trying to figure out how to act in any given situation, and they look to external cues to guide their behavior particularly when it's unclear what's expected of them," Wheeler says. "When there aren't a lot of explicit cues to help define a situation, we are more likely to act based on cues we pick up...
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...Companies today are combining in record numbers. Executives pursue mergers, acquisitions, and joint ventures as a means to create value by (1) acquiring technologies, products, and market access, (2) creating economies of scale, and (3) establishing global brand presence. There is an underlying belief that most markets can provide revenues to three large suppliers; when more than three exist the urge to merge is irresistible. That said, the business world seems littered with integrated companies that have lost value for shareholders. The question that inevitably arises is: "What forces are powerful enough to counteract the value-creating energy of economies of scale or global market presence?" Culture has emerged as one of the dominant barriers to effective integrations. In one study, culture was found to be the cause of 30 percent of failed integrations.1 Companies with different cultures find it difficult, if not often impossible, to make decisions quickly and correctly or to operate effectively. What is "culture"? Culture consists of the long-standing, largely implicit shared values, beliefs, and assumptions that influence behavior, attitudes, and meaning in a company (or society). This definition has several important implications: Culture is implicit. People who share in a culture find their culture challenging to recognize. The most insightful cultural observers often are outsiders, because cultural givens are not implicit to them. Culture influences how people behave...
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...PRESCHOOL Just look at this→think of examples for all of them Chapter 7: Physical & Cognitive Development • Growth & ability of the body Right/ left handedness emerges early Bone ossification Gross motor skills • Brain lateralization—certain cognitive functions are located more in 1 hemisphere of brain than other→ become more pronounced during preschool years o Right vs. Left hemisphere specialization • Left hemisphere- speaking, reading, thinking & reasoning • Right Hemisphere- Spatial relationships, pattern recognition & emotional expression (global processing) o What are examples of skills associated with the right and left hemisphere? o Some specialization of each hemisphere, BUT each can perform most tasks of the other. EX: right hemisphere does some language processing and does important role in language comprehension • Piaget’s preoperational stage of cognitive development (early childhood: 2—6) o Children at this time increase in use of symbolic thinking, mental reasoning, use of concepts.. Representational thought • EX: seeing moms car keys(symbol) prompts u to ask “are we going to the store?” • Primarily defined by limitations. Characterized by centration o Aren’t capable of operations→ organized/formal mental process that develops in school-aged children o Confuses own POV w/ others & cant consider multiple characteristics of stuff o Period of centration- concentrating on 1 limited aspect of stimulus & ignoring other stimulus. (EX: a cat w/ dog...
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...V SEMESTER B.A.LL.B.(HONS.) COURSE ARTICLE SUBMISSION A Critical Analysis of Evolution of Cooperative Federalism and Obstacles Ahead for Its Development For the academic year 2014-15 Prepared & Submitted by: Submitted To : Bharat Singh (12BAL112) Ms. Alinkrita Tripathi Acknowledgment This study is the culmination of the efforts of a number of individuals and organizations. I gratefully acknowledge the support and inspiration of which helped me to accomplish this project. I gratefully acknowledge all the sources from which this report has been enriched. Though I have taken all efforts to make the report flawless, I take responsibility for any mistake appearing inadvertently. DECLARATION I hereby declare that the project work entitled “A Critical Analysis of Evolution of Cooperative Federalism and Obstacles Ahead for Its Development” submitted to the Institute of Law Nirma University, is a record of an original work done by me under the guidance of Ms. Alinkrita Tripathi who is the Assistant Professor in ILNU. The results embodied in this thesis have not been submitted to any other University or Institute for the any award or degree. A Critical Analysis of Evolution of Cooperative Federalism and Obstacles Ahead for Its Development India is the largest democracy which is reason of pride for every Indian. Democracy always reflects view of majority, so now question arises what about those people who are in minority or culturally diverse but still they are...
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...The social activities are more akin to a more structured play time. As opposed to all of the children doing what they please independently, they play games that require cooperation, trust, and being able to put themselves in other’s shoes. This is to help promote healthy social development in children and stimulate growth in empathy for the future. At 3:10 the parents should begin to show up and once they have the goodbye activity begins. For this final activity, the children all line up at the front of the class and one by one tell the class what their favorite part of today was, whether it was an activity they did, something they learned, or a game they played during playtime with their friends. Upon completion children and parents may leave on their own time but can stay no later than 3:45...
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...demand is elastic, a change in price is reflected as an even major change in demand. The extent of the variation is higher as higher is the substitution degree of a product for another. We can say two firms are competing when a price increase by one firm, drives its customers to the other firm. P.E. P (find higher prices). Relevant Geographic Market Imports and Transportation costs. b. Difficulties when defining a market Product differentiation is usually due to small characteristics of the product. e.g. Diet coke belongs to cola market, light cola market and soft drinks market. The idea of competitors today is completely different from the one we had in the past. Sometimes we need to look outside the industry. e.g. go by car with 4 persons vs go alone by train. 1.3.2. Market Structure: # and characteristics of firms in a market. a. Concentration in the market Concentration Index Simple measures to define the market are really useful to take antitrust decisions. It takes into consideration, the number and size of the firms. b. Measuring Market Structure - K-firm concentration ratio Once you have defined the market and relevant players, we define their MS%. Combined share of the k largest firms in the market. Ck = i , si is the MS of firm i and Ck Є [k/n, 1] Sort the companies by their order (1st, 2nd, …). Then we sum the largest firms MS%, e.g. C4= 4 largest firms in the market. If companies are similar in terms of MS, we are dividing the market in n slices, each...
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...think of negotiating power as being determined by resources like wealth, political connections, physical strength, friends, and military might. In fact, the relative power of two parties depends primarily upon how attractive to each is the option of not reaching agreement.” “Getting to Yes, Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In” • Negotiation Settings & Examples Many places… • Personal life • Professional life • Etc. Throughout the day… • Driving, walking, etc. • Overcoming challenges • Making decisions Instances… • employment negotiations, dining, buying a car, selecting travel itinerary, resource consumption, settling disputes, etc. Interpersonal Dynamics & Forces at Play • • • • • • • • Assumptions – not explicit BATNA (Alternatives) – Always have options! Relationship (l-t vs. s-t) - getting the better of another?? Options (creativity) – no one solution, needle in haystack Communication...
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...SCHEMES OF WORK – COMMERCE (GRADE TEN) SCHEMES OF WORK – COMMERCE (GRADE TEN) WEEKLY SCHEDULE(3 periods a week) | TOPICS AND CONTENT | LEARNING OBJECTIVES- Students will be able to: | TEACHINGSTRATEGIES | SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES | RESOURCES | ASSESSMENT | 1. Introduction to Commerce | | | | | | 1 | A) Organizational Structure of Commerce | 1. Define the terms within the organizational structure. 2. Draw up and complete the organizational structure of commerce. | Graphic OrganizerMnemonic Strategies | Question and AnswerIllustrationsBingo | Wall ChartsMini chart print outs Commerce Textbooks: (Listing of texts attached) | Quizzes:-Chart completion-DefinitionsBingo Games | | B) Needs and Wants | 3. Distinguish between needs and wants. 4. Discuss the role played by producers in the satisfaction of consumer needs and wants | SPAR ( Spontaneous Argumentation)Graphic Organizer | DiscussionsQuestion and Answer | Commerce TextbooksPowerPoint PresentationInternetLaptop | Assignment-categorizing needs and wants. | 1 | C) Economic Systems | 5. Identify and explain types of economic systems | Graphic Organizer | Questions and Answers | Chart PrintoutsCommerce Textbooks | Quiz | 1 | D) Direct and Indirect Production | 6. Distinguish between direct and indirect production 7. List and explain the commercial occupations. | Graphic OrganizerCooperative learningMnemonic Strategies | Role playDiscussionsGraphic Organizer | Commerce Textbooks | Assignment-categorizing...
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...CHAPTER 13 GAME THEORY AND COMPETITIVE STRATEGY EXERCISES 3. Two computer firms, A and B, are planning to market network systems for office information management. Each firm can develop either a fast, high-quality system (High), or a slower, low-quality system (Low). Market research indicates that the resulting profits to each firm for the alternative strategies are given by the following payoff matrix: | | |Firm B | | | |High |Low | | |High |50, 40 |60, 45 | | | | | | |Firm A | | | | | |Low |55, 55 |15, 20 | a. If both firms make their decisions at the same time and follow maximin (low-risk) strategies, what will the outcome be? With a maximin strategy, a firm determines the worst outcome for each action, then chooses the action that maximizes the payoff among the worst outcomes. If Firm A chooses High, the worst payoff would occur if Firm B chooses High: A’s payoff would be 50. If Firm A chooses Low, the worst payoff would occur if Firm B chooses Low: A’s payoff would be 15. With a maximin strategy, A therefore chooses High. If Firm B chooses Low, the worst payoff would...
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...included, so you'll need to use the time-line to look back at 8 months for examples. Psychosis is doing just great. He is learning new things every day and showing remarkable motor skills. Developmentally she appears to be progressing well with many of the skills important for his age. He organizes his toys by color or size, has a good memory for the location of previously hidden objects when playing games with us, and is able to solve simple problems with little or no help. 2. Analyze your baby's temperament in more detail at 18 months than you did at 8 months. How would you describe your baby in terms of the five aspects of temperament utilized by the Virtual Child program (activity, sociability, emotionality, aggressiveness vs. cooperativeness, and self control)? Has @NAME's temperament been stable over the first 18 months? A blurb defining and providing examples of the five aspects of temperament is provided at 12 months, but you should seek out further explanations of temperament from your textbook. Explain how the concept of goodness of fit (also discussed in the blurb on infant temperament) applies to your interactions with your child. Emotionally he is happy and easy to deal with. The issue she had with relating more with his mother has abated somewhat, and he seems almost equally comfortable with both of us. He still has some trouble with meeting new people, but the intensity of his reactions has eased, and he warms up more quickly. He gets along well...
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...Children’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment |Functional Health Pattern Assessment |Toddler |Preschool-Aged |School-Aged | |(FHP) |Erickson’s Developmental Stage: |Erickson’s Developmental Stage: |Erickson’s Developmental Stage: | | | | | | | |Autonomy vs. Shame and |Initiative vs. Guilt |Industry vs. Inferiority | | |Doubt | | | |Pattern of Health Perception and Health | | |. | |Management: |1. Dependent upon parents and caregivers|1. Normal Heart Rate is 40-70 beats |1. Ability to accept responsibility for | | |for teaching, modeling perceptions and |per minute. |some aspects of personal care. | |List two normal assessment findings that |good practices where health care is |2. Curiosity regarding...
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...ASSIGNMENT OF CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT SUBMITTED TO:- Dr.(cdr) SATISH SETH SIR SUBMITTED BY:- VENKATESH KUMAR PGDM 6-A ROLL NO-60 Q1. What is meant by the term culture? In what way can measuring attitudes about the following help to differentiate between cultures: centralized or decentralized decision making, safety or risk, individual or group rewards, high or low organizational loyalty, cooperation or competition? Use these attitudes to compare the United States, Germany, and Japan. Based on your comparisons, what conclusions can you draw regarding the impact of culture on behavior? Ans:- culture is defined as the shared patterns of behaviors and interactions, cognitive constructs, and affective understanding that are learned through a process of socialization. Culture is the acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and generate social behavior. This knowledge forms values, creates attitudes, and influences behavior (Hodges, 2005). Centralized versus decentralized cultures are different in which the top managers or leaders make all the important decisions in a centralized culture and in a decentralized culture, the decisions are made throughout the levels. Safety and risk in some cultures are frowned upon because the...
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...------------------------------------------------- Red River College ECE Program ECED-2009 Research Essay Assignment Value: 30% Select a topic related to Early Childhood Education for this assignment. The list on the following page may be helpful for some ideas, although you are not restricted to these topics. Approve your topic with your instructor by: _______ . Duplication of topics will not be allowed, and topic choice is on a first-come, first-served basis. Search for resources related to this topic. Check the Learning Centre, as well as the Library. Conduct an Internet search. For your paper, you need a minimum of 4 current (less than 8 years old) references. Include a minimum of one of each of the following: - book - scholarly journal article (from EBSCOHOST or other scholarly database) - reliable internet source. Use the APA style of documentation (see text) to write a 3 - 4 page paper. Include an introduction, thesis statement, body (that includes background information and at least 3 points of discussion), a conclusion, and a reference page. The reference page is not included in the length. You will also complete a 5 minute presentation to the class based on your research. Refer to Considerations for Effective Presentations. Use peer editing as part of your writing process. That is, when you have a draft completed, ask at least one peer to provide feedback using the peer editing rubric. Be mindful of the peer’s schedule...
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...Abstract The decisions that businesses make to adjust “pricing, output, expansion, advertising, marginal revenue, and profit conditions of every other firm in the market”. (Thomas, Maurice 2010, p. 561). An oligopoly is described in the book as a “few relatively large firms, each with a substantial share of the market and all recognize their interdependence.” (Thomas, Maurice 2010, p. 512). Meaning, direct competitors understand their internal decisions will affect not only their profits and placement in the market, but also greatly their competitors. Price cutting or expensive advertisement plans will affect the firm’s profit margins, but also with strategically place the competing firm in a position to react. Even in small towns or multiple businesses in the same industries from restaurants to retail, need to be aware of how their decisions affect their own business, but also their market. Decisions should be systematically made and will economically affect a business along with the anticipation of competitor’s reaction to their precise move. Oligopolies are everywhere and can be detected from wheat that is managed by large agriculture groups to cell phone companies. Oligopolies How do firms in the industry compete? Managers within interdependent industries make decisions that will affect not only their firm, but they must consider the reaction to their competitor as well. Without this consideration, the rival’s reaction will certainly affect his or her...
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