...Victim of a Sexual Assault Craig Smith American Intercontinental University Online Abstract This paper will discuss a victim of a sexual assault who did not report the act to her local police department immediately after it occurred, but has now sought the advice of legal consultation to find out her rights and if she could sue the offender for damages or pursue criminal prosecution as a result of the attack. Just in case the victim was afraid to report the assault she needs to know the Rape Shield Law expressly rule out the use of evidence of a victim's past sexual history to weaken that victim's credibility. This law is intended to protect victims from invasions of their privacy, and to encourage them to come forward without having to fear that their sexual history being used against them to hinder their case in any possible way [ (LaMance, 2011) ]. Being a Victim of a Sexual Assault After researching the issue of rape and victims’ rights it appears this will be a hard case to prove in both the civil and criminal courts systems. The accusation of rape usually comes down to he said, she said testimonies and because of that rape is a very sensitive subject to be addressed [ (Hill, 2012) ]. Rape is an assault that is so easily committed and often the term is misused and abused by people who want to get back at a spouse or lover. Some people even engage in consensual sex and when things don’t turn out the way they like they claim to be raped. These kinds of situations...
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...11, the first ever spaceflight that safely landed a human on the moon and the Holocaust where an estimated six million Jews were killed by the Nazi regime. Out of the hundreds of events that have occupied the length of the 20th century, none were more important as the evolution of police brutality and the civil rights movement. Who do you call when the police murder? A question probably asked by million of Americans in today's day and age. As time goes on it seems as if police brutality...
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...Women and Children’s Rights advocates but it was also an implied recognition of the insufficiency of laws protecting the rights of women and children in the country by the highest court of the land. Thus, three months after the promulgation of the People v. Genosa Decision, Republic Act No. 9262 or the Anti-Violence Against Women and their Children Act (AVAWC) was enacted. I. The Status of Women Experiencing Violence in the Philippines Abuse of women in the Philippines is not a new issue. Reports of violence against women have consistently been present in data gathered by concerned agencies and advocate groups. In 2008, the Philippine National Police reported 6, 905 and in 2009, a total of 9, 485 cases of violence against women respectively. Table 1. Cases of Violence Against Women Reported to the Police, 2008-2009 |Classification of Offenses |2008 |2009 |08-09 Inc/Dec | | |Number |Percent |Number |Percent |Number |Percent | |Rape |811 |11.7 |770 |8.1 |(41) |(5.1) | |Acts of Lasciviousness |445 |6.4 |485 |5.1 |40 |9.0 | |Threats |220 |3.2 |208 |2.2 |(12) |(5.5)...
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...Trade Unions Act violates the principles of freedom of association, and no such actions has been taken in order to amend these laws. Some other laws, not directly related to labour issues also place restrictions on freedom on association. For example, The Malaysian Penal code requires police permission for public gatherings of more than five people. 1.1 Restrictions on Union Formation, and de-registration of unions : The Director General of Trade unions (DGTU) has the power to supervise and inspect trade unions, and can refuse to register a trade union, without giving any valid reason for the refusal. The director general also has the power to withdraw any unions which do not register, or whose registration has been denied or withdrawn or are considered as illegal organizations. The Minister of Human Resources may also suspend a trade union for up to six months in the interests of national security or public order. 1.2 Banned from organising: The industrial unions are prohibited from organising employees in managerial and executive positions, or those involved with “Confidential” matters or performing security- related tasks. Although this part of the legislation is continuously misused by most employers to deny union membership rights, and often to demand the removal of experienced union leaders. Other than that, the government does not allow national unions in the electronics industry, which is the country’s largest industry sector, only in-...
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...IELTS Interactive self-study 200 Advanced Vocabulary Questions Book 2 Konstantinos Mylonas Series Editors: Dean Miller Dorothy Whittington 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS COPYRIGHT YOU MAY ALSO BE INTERESTED IN... INTRODUCTION INSTRUCTIONS PRACTICE EXERCISE 1. PRACTICE EXERCISE 2. PRACTICE EXERCISE 3. PRACTICE EXERCISE 4. PRACTICE EXERCISE 5. PRACTICE EXERCISE 6. PRACTICE EXERCISE 7. PRACTICE EXERCISE 8. PRACTICE EXERCISE 9. PRACTICE EXERCISE 10. REVISION EXERCISE 1. REVISION EXERCISE 2. REVISION EXERCISE 3. REVISION EXERCISE 4. REVISION EXERCISE 5. REVISION EXERCISE 6. REVISION EXERCISE 7. REVISION EXERCISE 8. REVISION EXERCISE 9. REVISION EXERCISE 10. 3 ABOUT 4 COPYRIGHT IELTS Interactive self-study 200 Advanced Vocabulary Questions 5 Book 2 Copyright © 2013 Konstantinos Mylonas All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this eBook on screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reversed engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of the publisher. For more information and additional resources, visit our web site at englishexpertsonline.com or our amazon.com page. 6 YOU...
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...Introduction ‘Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?’- The Satires of Juvenal Over the years, the New South Wales police have received expanded powers through a raft of legislative amendments. It is evident that in dealing with any given circumstance that arises during the execution of their duties, officers may rely on both the common law and statutory powers to give effect to powers such as a warrantless arrest. In context of this power, the common law concept of the breach of peace deserves particular attention due to the dangers of misuse or abuse in its interpretation by the police. This paper will discuss how the common law and the Law Enforcement (Powers and Responsibilities) Act (2002) (LEPRA) give lawful effect to arrest and other various powers against offences connected to a breach of the peace. Finally, it will assess whether there is any practical desirability and utility of codifying such a power. This will be achieved by critically evaluating whether the current state of the law with respect to police discretionary powers effectively prescribes a balance between the law enforcement culture and the continuing maintenance of civil rights and liberties. In doing so, it will conclude by examining the consequences and implications of codification. Development of ‘breach of the peace’ The breach of the peace is one of the earliest offences in common law whose provenance can be found through English law in the sanctity of the home unit where ‘every man was entitled to peace...
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...1 Introduction The mapping which follows was conducted over a period of six weeks during February and March 2003, including one week of preparation and one week of report writing. Regional working group members of Save the Children Sweden - Denmark (SCSD) in the respective countries took the responsibility for identifying and contacting organisations and individuals who are working to combat CSA, particularly those providing psychosocial support to children affected by abuse. A total of 34 organisations and individuals were met. Six days were spent in each country, except in Afghanistan, where only three days were spent. The six locations were Peshawar, Islamabad and Karachi. Organisations met included those working on child sexual exploitation and sexual health, and those working with communities of street children, MSM (men who have sex with men), and trafficked women and girls. Many groups could not be visited due to time limitations. Non-governmental organisations (NGOs), university psychology departments, community-based organisations (CBOs), international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) and donor agencies, as well as independent research consultants and a theatre animator | | | were amongst the contacts met. Interviews were held | | | with those at management level, heads of organisations, | | | coordinators of child protection units, trainers, | | | programme officers, field workers, therapists and | | | counsellors. Wherever possible...
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...RESEARCH ON THE TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE AND EFFECTIVE MEASURES FOR THE TREATMENT OF THE DRUG ABUSERS IN ASIAN COUNTRIES AN ANALYSIS OF INNOVATIVE MEASURES FOR THE TREATMENT OF DRUG ABUSERS PREFACE Crimes related to drug abuse and the illegal manufacturing and trafficking of drugs are serious problems for virtually every country. The abuse of drugs has an adverse impact, not only on the individual abuser, but also on the economy and society of a country as a whole. Drug use and the problems that accompany it have an extremely deleterious effect on the healthy development of young people, especially. Due to the rapid increase in drug related crime and drug abusers in Asian countries, the establishment of effective countermeasures for demand and supply reduction are a pressing issue. In light of the above-mentioned situation, the United Nations Asia and Far East Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders (UNAFEI); and the Research Division of the Research and Training Institute, Ministry of Justice jointly conducted a comprehensive study on drug abuser treatment, from 2002 to 2004, entitled “Research on the Trends in Drug Abuse and Effective Measures for the Treatment of the Drug Abusers in Asian Countries - An Analysis of Innovative Measures for the Treatment of Drug Abusers”. The Asian countries included in the study are: China (Hong Kong), Korea, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. This is the first phase of the study on drug abuser treatment; the second...
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...CASIRJ Volume 5 Issue 2 [Year - 2014] ISSN 2319 – 9202 ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONS BETWEEN CENTER AND STATE Ramesh kumar Ph.d scholar in public administration, kurukshetra university Narender joon LL.M, Kurukshetra university kurukshetra INTRODUCTION: The most operational irritants to Centre State Relations springs in administrative sphere & they have led to most slanderous accusation against executive functionaries and decision makers. It is an area in which seemingly detailed provisions of the Constitution have not helped much. In the modern administrative age, administration plays a very significant role by way of enforcing the law of promoting socio-economic welfare of the people. The pattern of administrative relationship between the Centre and the State, therefore, assumes a great significance in developing country like India. The Indian Constitution contains more elaborate provisions regarding the administrative relation between the Centre and the States than are to be found in any of the three federation of the U.S.A., Canada and Australia. The Constitution lays down a flexible and permissive and not a rigid scheme of allocation of administrative responsibilities between the Centre and State. The scheme is so designed as to permit all kind of co-operative administrative arrangement between the two levels of Government. It is notable, however, that though legislative and judicial power is defined by the Constitution, this is not the case with...
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...P1 The term ‘Looked After’ was first introduced in the Children Order (NI) 1995 and refers to any young people under the age of 18 who are not being cared for by their birth parents on a temporary or permanent basis and must therefore be placed into care of the government. Whether through a Care Order, as part of short, planned breaks known as respite care or voluntary agreement of the parents (see below), social services will try wherever possible to work in partnership with the parent(s) of the child without neglecting the fact that the child’s needs are paramount. Many young people that are taken into care will eventually go back home. It is believed to be best for a child to live within a ‘family environment’ and usually a social worker will try to work with parents so that the child can remain at home in the environment that they are used to, even if they have been victims of abuse or neglect. In these cases, the child is closely monitored for any further signs of maltreatment. However in the majority of cases, Looked After Children (LAC) are placed into foster care away from their original home or are placed in kinship or network care (looked after by extended family or friends). This provides them with a family environment believed to be best for them and helps them to settle into life away from their parents. If these scenarios are not possible for a child due to a plethora of reasons, then they will be placed into residential care...
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...omKennesaw State University DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University Dissertations, Theses and Capstone Projects 4-1-2013 A Case Study of Corruption and Public Accountability in Nigeria Chinelo Okekeocha Kennesaw State University Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/etd Part of the Public Administration Commons Recommended Citation Okekeocha, Chinelo, "A Case Study of Corruption and Public Accountability in Nigeria" (2013). Dissertations, Theses and Capstone Projects. Paper 566. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses and Capstone Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. A Case Study of Corruption and Public Accountability in Nigeria Chinelo Okekeocha A Practicum Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Public Administration Kennesaw State University May 2013 A Case Study of Corruption and Public Accountability in Nigeria Executive Summary In 2011, Nigeria was ranked 143th out of 182 countries surveyed by the Transparency International in its corruption perception index indicating the level of corruption in the country as compared to other countries. Although this came as an improvement from the previous years, it did not result from an improved system of governance, rather it was due to an increase...
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...Corruption in Leadership: Public Service and Government Cynthia Klecha Abstract Corruption throughout the world is extensive. Corruption is defined as the twisting of integrity. A corrupt individual is an opponent of the truth; their virtues and ethics are deficient. In the United States, people in all positions of private district, public assistance, and government bureaus have been entangled in varieties of corruption. Corruption crimes include bribes, insider trading, patronage, embezzlement, electoral fraud, kickbacks, unholy alliances, conflicts of interest and several others. Corruption is a weapon that demoralizes the credibility of public institutions. It attacks the morality of justice and damages society. Effective law enforcement is essential to corroborate anti-corruption efforts. Law enforcement agencies are constructing anti-corruption teams to detect and punish any public or government official, along with any public servant who violates corruption laws. Introduction Corruption throughout the world is extensive. Corruption is defined as the twisting of integrity. A corrupt individual is an opponent of the truth; their virtues and ethics are deficient. Corruption is a weapon that demoralizes the credibility of public institutions. Corruption attacks the morality of justice and damages society. Corruption crimes include bribes, insider trading, patronage, embezzlement...
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...Money laundering and terrorism financing risks in Botswana introDuction Botswana has a relatively good legal foundation to fight financial crime in general. With the second reading of the Financial Intelligence Bill and the regulation of non-financial institutions prone to money laundering, the legal framework will be remarkably enhanced. However, Botswana has not yet undertaken an assessment of its risks and vulnerabilities to money laundering and the financing of terrorism in terms of international requirements. Significantly, Botswana’s legal framework does not recognise the risk of money laundering in either limited- or high-risk situations. This is in spite of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) espousing a country-specific risk analysis and application of a regulative framework for all forms of business relationships. The rationale for adopting the risk-based approach is that a better understanding of the extent, form, production and disposal or use of the proceeds of crime helps to determine the appropriate interventions. Tentative steps towards establishing trends in money laundering and the financing of terrorism have been taken over the past few years. A team of World Bank experts visited Botswana at the end of 2006 to assess the implementation of the FATF anti-money laundering and counter-financing of terrorism (AML and CFT) standards. In early 2007 the Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crime (DCEC), in collaboration with the Institute for Security Studies (ISS)...
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...Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Definition of Cyber Crime The internet in Bangladesh is growing rapidly. It has given rise to new opportunities in every field we can think of – be it entertainment, business, sports or education. There are two sides to a coin. Internet also has its own disadvantages. One of the major disadvantages is Cyber crime – illegal activity committed on the internet. The internet, along with its advantages, has also exposed us to security risks that come with connecting to a large network. Computers today are being misused for illegal activities like e-mail espionage, credit card fraud, spams, and software piracy and so on, which invade our privacy and offend our senses. “The modern thief can steal more with a computer than with a gun. Tomorrow's terrorist may be able to do more damage with a keyboard than with a bomb”. The term ‘cyber crime’ has been evolved from two words ‘cyber’ and ‘crime’. ‘Crime’ is more or less known to each individual on his own stand point, while ‘cyber’ is almost vague in meaning to the same. So if any time anybody uses the prefix ‘cyber’, we simply mean, he is talking about something is doing online or there has certain networking system. Actually anything related to Internet falls under the cyber category. Computer crime or cyber crime is a form of crime where the Internet or computers are used as a medium to commit crime. Issues surrounding this type of crime have become...
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...2013 7/15/2013 ORGANISATIONAL PROFILE History New India Assurance India Limited, incorporated on July 23rd 1919 was founded Sir Dorab Tata who was a founding member of The House of Tata’s. I got further nationalized in the year 1973 with merger of Indian companies. Present Position New India Assurance India Limited has vast presence all over the country and it is also doing remarkably high business. The company’s gross premium (in India) has increased tremendously over the years 2010-2012. It was Rs. 8542.86 crores in the year 2011-2012, as against Rs. 7097.14 crores in the year 2010-2011. Also, the company’s total assets are as high as Rs. 42162.74 crores as on 31st March 2012. The company has an extensive network of offices covering each and every state and other regions of India as shown in Figure1. . Figure 1.New India Assurance India Limited presence all over the country. Such large and extensive network makes NIA Rank No. 1 in the Indian market. Not only this, the company is also the largest Non-Life insurer in Afro-Asia excluding Japan. It is infact also the first Indian non-life company to reach Rs. 10073.88 crores Gross Premium. International Presence NIA also provides global Re-insurance facilities. It has its over-seas presence in countries like Japan, U.K, Middle East, Fiji and Australia. Overseas operations commenced in 1920. The company has operations in 20 countries in the year 2011-12 which spans through a...
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